高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 题型强化训练 专题一 阅读理解 第2课时 高瞻远瞩锁定主旨大意类题目课件

第第2课时高瞻远瞩课时高瞻远瞩锁定主旨大意类题目锁定主旨大意类题目怎么考主旨大意类题目主要考查全文的主旨大意、段落的中心思想，作者的写作目的和文章标题。常见的设问方式有：1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2.The passage is mainly about _.3.The best title/headline for this passage is _.4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?怎么学在平时的阅读练习中，注意文章的体裁，把握作者的写作目的与思路，学会抓主题句、主题段，关注文章的首段、尾段、每段的首句和尾句等。另外，掌握略读与细读的基本技巧，学会积累、寻找关键词像the most important，finally等，像概括类词therefore，in a word等。怎么解做此类题目时做到：1.高瞻远瞩，不可以偏概全；不可以个人的思想代替作者的思想。2.在了解全文大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系；3.看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确；4.要注意选项中所给出的题目范围是否过大或过小。要避免以下三种错误：概括不够，过度概括，以事实细节替代概括性强的大意。5.找主题句的四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually，while，on the contrary，in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的词或短语有therefore，thus，in short，conclude，in conclusion等。【典例剖析1】体裁：议论文话题：睡眠词数：248时间：7(2016四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that“night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.【语篇解读】这是一篇科普文章。好多人有晚上睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶的习惯，认为有助于睡眠。但是现在，一项研究发现如果是夜间挤的奶，它确实帮助人们睡眠。1.According to the text，the mice fed with daytime milk_.A.started sleep more easilyB.were more anxiousC.were less activeD.woke up later答案B细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime”可知喝白天挤的牛奶的老鼠比喝夜间挤的牛奶的老鼠更容易焦躁。2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?A.Its been tested on mice for ten times.B.It can make people more energetic.C.It exists in milk in great amount.D.Its used in sleeping drugs.答案D是非判断题。根据第六段中的“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”可知，褪黑激素已经制成药物供那些难以入睡的人服用。3.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Night Milk and SleepB.Fat Sugar and HealthC.An Experiment on MiceD.Milk Drinking and Health答案A主旨大意题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A 是文章的最佳标题。4.How does the author support the theme of the text?A.By giving examples.B.By stating arguments.C.By explaining statistical data.D.By providing research results.答案D篇章结构题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。【典例剖析2】体裁：议论文话题：消息传播词数：347时间：8(2016全国卷，D)Bad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The if it bleeds rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communicatione-mails，Web posts and reviews，face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？To test for that possibility，Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr.Berger explains in his new book，“Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，研究表明好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播的更快、更广。5.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?A.News reports. B.Research papers.C.Private e-mails. D.Daily conversations.答案A细节理解题。根据首段中的Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.可知，这些规则适用于新闻报道。故选A。6.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A.Theyre socially inactive.B.Theyre good at telling stories.C.Theyre inconsiderate of others.D.Theyre careful with their words.答案C细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，像Debbie Downer那样的人是不替别人着想的。故选 C。7.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr.Bergers research?A.Sports news. B.Science articles.C.Personal accounts. D.Financial reviews.答案B细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，人们更愿意发送一些科学类的文章。故选B。8.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Sad Stories Travel Far Wide.B.Online News Attracts More People.C.Reading Habits Change with the Times.D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks.答案D文章标题题。文章主要表明了通过研究证明了好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播的更快、更广。故选D。