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Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语& indirect speech直接引语直接引语 (变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)陈述句陈述句Jane said, “Im very fond of traveling.”that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.He said , “I am a senior student.”He said that he was a senior student.He said to me , “I am learning English now.”He said to me that he was learning English then.直接引语直接引语 (变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般疑问句一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.whether/if 引导的宾引导的宾语从句语从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella. He asked me, “Do you play chess?” She asked, “Did you go home?” He asked me if/whether I played chess.She asked me if I had gone home.“Is this room yours or his?”He asked me whether this room was mine or his. 引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时, 通通常用常用whether或或if引导引导, 而而引述选择疑引述选择疑问问句时句时, 通常只用通常只用whether引导。引导。直接引语直接引语 (变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句“Mary, when will you return me the book?” asked John.wh-词引导的宾语从词引导的宾语从句句John asked Mary when she would return him the book. He asked, “Where are you going?” He asked (us) where we were going. She asked, “Who is here?” She asked (me) who was there. He asked, “Which school are you in?” He asked (me) which school I was in. He said,“Where have you been?” He asked me where I had been. He asked,“How are you gettingalong?” He asked us how we were getting along.直接引语直接引语 (变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)祈使句祈使句The officer said to him, “Dont leave your post.”不定式不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.He said , “Dont make so much noise, boys.”He told/ordered/asked the boys not to make so much noise.直接引语直接引语 (变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)感叹句感叹句He said: “How happy I am!”that/what/how引导引导的宾语从句的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时有时会引时态的变化态的变化, 注意以下几个方面注意以下几个方面直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句动词为一般现在主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时时或现在完成时She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:一般现在时一般现在时“I know it,” he said.一般过去时一般过去时He said that he knew it. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,” he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:过去完成时过去完成时“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.过去完成时过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:一般将来时一般将来时He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbeforethat day(the) next day直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语the day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before yesterdaygobringherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforecometakethere由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1. 不变的真理不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2. 历史事件：历史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.3. 部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must, ought to, used to, had better等：等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercises2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here 10. The teacher asked her, “|Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise
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