安徽省中考英语 第三部分 题型研析 高分保障 题型5 阅读理解课件

第三部分第三部分 题型研析题型研析 高分保障高分保障题型题型 5 5阅读理解阅读理解 分析近10年安徽中考题可知，阅读理解分值为40分，是试卷中分值最多的一题。2015年以前为4篇短文，20个小题，都为选择型。2015年至今，分两大块：4篇选择型阅读和1篇任务型阅读，共有5篇短文。 阅读理解题总体难度适中。考查的材料包罗万象、话题广泛且贴近考生的学习和生活，具有很强的时代气息。体裁有说明文、诗歌、书信、记叙文、议论文。话题以说明类、跨文化介绍类、人物经历及感受、广告和海报信息、寓言故事、科技、故事和运动为主。设题以具体信息理解为主，兼顾主旨大意、推理判断、猜测词义等考点，综合考查学生对书面材料的理解能力以及从中获取信息并加以判断、归纳和综合的能力。命题将在考查细节理解的基础上逐渐注重对文章整体的理解和把握。考生在复习时一定要注意阅读速度、技巧、文化背景常识等方面的积累，以便提升通过文字获取信息的能力。解题技法解题技法指导指导类型类型 1 1选择型阅读理解选择型阅读理解 快速阅读，在考试时才能节省时间。怎样才能做到快速阅读呢？在平时的阅读训练中，我们可以按照以下几点来做： 1抓关键句(如名词、动词、主谓宾构成的简单句及常见的几种复合句)。 2抓首尾句，即中心句，也叫主题句。 3在浏览题目的同时，用铅笔画出有关信息来缩小寻找范围。 4学会通过阅读上下文或跳读来推测词义。 5最后，要复读检查。答完题后，再重读一遍短文，以验证所做的答案。例题精析例题精析 2017安徽中考C篇Dear Sunday Globe， I am writing to tell you about your article Smartphones Make Life Easier in last Sundays newspaper.You did an excellent job explaining the good points of smartphones，but you didnt talk about their bad points at all.So，I hope youll let me give your readers some advice on smartphone etiquette (礼仪) The first point Id like to address is loudness.When you talk on your smartphone in public，please dont shout.In fact，the microphones in smartphones are very sensitive (灵敏的)So，you can be heard even if you speak quietly. Another point is about personal space.I dont think it is polite to make calls in small spaces full of people.This makes others uncomfortable and forces them to listen to your personal business.Whats worse，it stops many face-to-face conversations from ever beginning. Lastly，doing two things at the same time is dangerous.For example，making calls while driving is a bad habit.Pay attention to the road! Similarly，when staying with your friends，turn off your smartphone and enjoy their company. Yours truly， Amber Jala1Amber Jala wrote the letter to _Afind a good job Bprovide adviceCmake her life easier Dbuy a smartphone2What does the underlined word “address” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A致函 B称呼 C陈述 D选址3According to Paragraph 3，what makes people around you uncomfortable?ADiscussing face to face.BSpeaking quietly on your phone.CMinding your own business.DCalling in small spaces full of people.4What can we learn from the last paragraph?AIt is dangerous to drive on the road.BIt is easy to start a company with others.CIt is bad to turn off our phones while driving.DIt is important to use our smartphones properly.【主旨大意】 本文是一篇书信应用文。信中肯定了智能手机的优点，但同时也提出使用智能手机需要注意的三个方面的礼仪。1B细节理解题。从正文第一段最后一句“So，I hope youll let me give your readers some advice on smartphone etiquette.”可知，Amber Jala写信的目的是希望给出几点有关智能手机礼仪的建议。故选B。2C词义猜测题。从第二段开始，Amber陈述了三点使用智能手机的建议。由此推知选C。3D细节理解题。从正文第三段第二、三句中“I dont think it is polite to make calls in small spaces full of people.This makes others uncomfortable.”可知，Amber认为，在人员拥挤的狭小空间打电话是不礼貌的，这使得别人不舒服。故选D。4D总结归纳题。阅读最后一段可知，同时做两件事是危险的，比如开车打电话、与朋友在一起时不关掉电话等。故最后一段告诉我们要合理使用手机。技法点拨技法点拨 1 1细节理解题细节理解题 考查目的：针对文章的细节设计，主要考查事实和细节。 提问方式：Which of the following is right？Which of the following is NOT true in the passage? 技巧点拨：利用题目的关键词，寻找文中的对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案。一般不能直接从某句中找到答案，而是需要根据全文的多个句子或段落得出答案，这时应采用排除法来解题。 2 2推理判断题推理判断题 考查目的：在理解全文或语段的基础上推理和判断文章的意图和目的。 提问方式： We can guess the writer of the passage may be a _ From the passage / story we can guess _ From the passage / story we can learned that_ 技巧点拨：本题型根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章的论调和倾向进行推断。读整篇文章，理解作者意图，真理不一定是正确答案。事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一或几个具体细节进行简单的推断。进行这种推断时，要首先在文章中找出依据推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的含义。逻辑推断。对作者的意图和态度的推断。 3 3词义猜测题词义猜测题 考查目的：本题型主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断词义的能力。 提问方式： The word “.”in the passage probably means “_” The underlined word “It”in the passage means “_” In the passage the underlined word “.” means “_” 技巧点拨：解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：根据上下文猜测；根据同义词或反义词猜测；根据构词法猜测；通过定义或释义猜测；根据转折、因果关系等来猜测；根据生活常识猜测。此外，对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪一选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，就是正确答案。 4 4主旨大意题主旨大意题 考查目的：考查短文或段落的主题、中心和标题。 提问方式： Which is the best title of the passage? This passage mainly talks about _ The passage tells us that_ 技巧点拨：标题归纳题用以考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。做此类题要注意：(1)以原文为依据；(2)只选最适合本篇文章的；(3)注意绝对化的词；(4)答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全；(5)文中没有提到的不要妄自猜测，一切以文章内容为准。主旨大意题重点关注文章的首尾句或段首句寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结文章的主旨大意。 Passage 1Passage 1 2017舟山中考即时运用即时运用 Have you ever been in a conflict(冲突)？Do you know how to solve it？Conflict resolution is a peaceful way of trying to solve a conflict.Both sides in the conflict explain what they think happened to cause it.The person who listens to both sides is called the mediator(调解人) After both sides tell what they think happened to cause the conflict，they discuss ways to solve it.They try to come up with a “resolution” that both sides agree to.They cannot be angry during the communication.Everyone should use good listening and 文体 说明文 话题 解决冲突 词数348attending skills while talking.If voices get too loud or it appears that someone is angry，the mediator will speak up and have them treat each other with respect.After different suggestions are shared in how to mediate the conflict，it is time for discussing the best solution(解决办法) Here is an example of how conflict resolution works step by step in a school playground setting： Someone says a student pushed him on the football field. The person who was accused as the “pusher” says it was actually an accident. The person who was pushed gets the mediator. The mediator takes the two persons to a quieter place，away from others to talk. The mediator calms them down and lets them know he understands their feelings. Each person describes what happened. The mediator repeats what he heard，so it is clear to everyone. The mediator asks for ideas to solve the problem. The two persons offer their own solutions. The two persons have a discussion and come to an agreement. The mediator makes sure the persons follow the solution. The mediator offers praise for solving the problem. Conflict resolution can be used in many environments.It encourages people to tell what really happened，to share their feelings，and to work together peacefully to solve the problem.It offers people workable steps to reach an agreement with the help of a mediator.1According to the passage，if two students have had a fight，they had better_Acall the policeBget a mediatorCask parents for ideasDdescribe the fight to teachers2In conflict resolution，the mediators job is to _Adescribe what really happened to both sidesBhelp both sides reach an agreement in a proper wayClisten to both sides and then punish the trouble makerDwrite down what both sides have explained in the communicationBB3The underlined words “was_accused” in this passage might mean “_” in Chinese.A被惩罚 B被轻视C被指责 D被否定4The writer gives the example in the passage in order to _Ashow how a mediator works in a football matchBhelp us know the importance of a mediator in daily lifeCshow how conflict resolution is used in different environmentsDhelp us clearly understand the workable steps in conflict resolutionCD Passage 2 Passage 2 2016绍兴中考 According to a recent study，there are about 70，000 blind children in Indonesia.Among them，60 percent were not born blind.Iyehezkiel Parudani is one of them，who lost his eyesight by accident at age six.He now teaches English to blind students at the Pajajaran Special School.Iyehezkiel Parudani says learning English can help blind people feel better about themselves.“By learning English，they can be an English teacher，a translator，and a tour guide.”Students read using Braille (盲文)To write，they use special tools，too.文体 记叙文话题人物故事 词数204 Iyehezkiel Parudani says blind people should not let their physical disability influence their dreams.In 2008，he got a chance to study at the University of Texas.Two years later，he got a masters degree in course development there. “In the US，if I go to the university to study，everything is availablelike ebooks，Braille books.Here in Indonesia，you know，its difficult to find a reference book in ebook or in Braille.We have to make it ourselves.In the US，I can move wherever I want because everything designed is really accessible for people with blindness. ” Eha Lestari，one of his star students，says learning English has changed her life.She has already traveled to the US with the help of an IndonesiaU.S.program.“I study English because I love English very much.I want to be a translator because I want to go to the other countries and then I want to meet some people from around the world.” Like her classmates，Eha loves to sing.Here，music is part of daily life.Even the students who do not study English can sing some American pop songs，such as Stand By Me，“Stand by me.Please stand，stand by me.Stand by me.” Iyehezkiel Parudani says the song has special meaning to the students.“In our life，we need other persons.You have to stand by me.Without you standing by me，Im meaningless.” 1According to what Iyehezkiel says，learning English can help blind students to_Ahave more chances to get jobs Bvisit Englishspeaking countriesCget a masters degree easilyDread Braille books quicklyA2The underlined word “accessible” in the third paragraph might mean “_”Afun to use Beasy to reach Chard to break Dsafe to choose3From the last two paragraphs，we can infer (推断) that the students_Asang songs side by side Bachieved their dreams Chad a meaningless life Dneeded help from others4The best title for the passage may be_AA Blind Girl Learning English BBlind Children Singing Songs CA Blind Man Teaching English DBlind Teachers Living by MeBDCDear Headmaster， Lately our class has become worried about the environment at the back of the school and we would like to do something to make it more attractive.We have done some research and have come up with a plan.With the help of our parents，we can do most of the work ourselves，but we will need some money for plants and paint.I am writing to ask the school for permission to do this work and to ask if the school could donate $1，000 towards our project.Passage 3 Passage 3 2017徐州中考文体 记叙文 话题学校建设建议词数293 We would like to turn the empty land at the back of the school into a garden.We would plant trees，grass，flowers and make paths through the garden.It would also attract birds，insects and small animals which students could then study in science classes. We would also like to paint the back wall of the school that faces the new garden.Some of our art classes could then paint a huge picture on it. Lastly，we would like to paint all rubbish bins.At the moment they look old and the paint is coming off.If we paint them in bright，attractive colours，students might be more likely to use them.We think our plan would greatly improve the back of the school.We have already asked our parents and they have promise to donate one weekend of their time to help us complete the project. We hope you will give us permission for this project and will be able to donate the $1，000 we need.When we have finished the work，we hope you will join us in a celebration morning tea so that the whole school can thank you. Yours sincerely， Jim White Monitor of Class 1，Grade 91This is a letter from a _to a _Astudent；headmasterBstudent；teacherCteacher；headmasterDheadmaster；student2How many things does Jim White ask the school for to complete the project？_AOne.BTwo.CThree. DFour.AB3How much time have the parents promised to help with the work？_AOne morning. BOne day.COne weekend. DOne week.4What is NOT in the plan？_ADoing some painting work.BMaking morning tea every day.CMaking paths through the garden.DGrowing trees，grass and flowers at the back of the school.CB Passage 4Passage 4 2017乌鲁木齐中考“Lets go wrestling，Dad！” 摔跤吧，爸爸！is one of the Top 10 movies recently.It tells a true story about an Indian man and his two daughters.His names Mahavir.In real life，he is called “the father of Indian women wrestling” because thousands of girls across India have been supposed to take up wrestling with his efforts. A very famous Indian actorAamir Khan，played the role of Mahavir in the movie.It was an unusual experience for him.Aamir Khan was very serious about 文体 记叙文 话题 人物故事 词数299his character and he tried to make this character close to the true story.In order to act well，he needed to put on weight to be very fat and then did sports to be very srong in a short time. Aamir Khan started to eat a lot every day before making the movie.He ate at least 5 meals a day including much junk food.He became too fat to run quickly. It is simple to be fat but difficult to be strong.Aamir Khan invited many coaches to train him to lose weight and it took him a few months to be strong.He must eat less food and drink more water.Strength training is also mportant.This kind of physical training is very boring.He had to lift different weights and did it over and over again.Aamir Khan set a goal to himself day by day and the minute he made it，he fell down on the ground and could hardly stand up.In the end，he became the exact person the movie needed. The role he played was very moving and he succeeded at last.As he says，the most important thing in life is not whether you can reach your goal but whether you have made the greatest efforts.1From the passage，what is Aamir Khans job？_AA teacher. BAn actor. CA director.DA coach.2Why is Mahavir called “the father of Indian women wrestling”？_ABecause he is a very famous Indian palyer.BBecause he played a role in the movie “Lets go wrestling，Dad！”CBecause he supported many Indian women to take up wrestling.DBecause he became strong in a short time.BC3What does the underlined word “Strength” mean in Chinese？_A力量B目标C疲劳D节食4What is the correct order of the following things about Aamir Khan？_He changed his eating habits and did sports to become strong.He was serious about the character and he needed to make great efforts.To be fat，he ate lots of food. Finally，he succeeded.A BC DAD5Which of the following is NOT true about Aamir Khan from the passage？_A“Lets go wrestling，Dad！” is a true story about Aamir Khan himself.BHe became very fat at first and then lost weight in a very short time.CIn order to act well，he trained so hard.DHe tried to play a perfect role in the movie.A类型类型 2 2任务型阅读理解任务型阅读理解 2015年至今安徽中考英语加了回答问题型阅读题，主要考查特殊疑问句的问答，且答案词数有所限定，共有3道小题。考查方式以细节理解题为主，同时可能涉及推理判断题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题。旨在考查学生对文章的确切理解能力，用英语进行表述和归纳的能力，也体现出对基础知识及综合能力的考查。例题精析例题精析 2017安徽中考E篇阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题(请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。 There was once an old and deep well.People got water by dropping a bucket (木桶)tied to a rope.The rope passed over a wheel just above the well.On the other side of the rope was another bucket. A strong pull brought one bucket to the top while the other down to the water.They always passed each other on the way up and down，but never had time to speak. At last，the rope became worn.So a new rope had to be put in its place.While this was being done，the two buckets were left standing together near the well. “What a boring life we have！” said one bucket to the other.“I am quite tired of it.No matter how full we come up，we are always sent down empty.” But the other bucket laughed and said，“What a funny way you have of looking at things! Dont you see that whenever we are sent down empty，we always come up full？” Boys and girls sometimes talk like these two buckets.You may hear one of them say，“Just as we are having a good game，we are made to stop and go to work again.” “Yes，” the other will reply，“but as soon as work is over，we always get to go out and have fun again.” There are two ways of looking at things.If you want to be happy，look at the bright side.1What were the buckets tied to？(不超过10个词)_2Where did the two buckets talk with each other？(不超过10个词)_3What does the story tell us？(不超过15个词)_【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。两个木桶长年累月在井里上下打水，其中一个木桶感觉非常无聊，它认为它总是满着上来，空着下去，可另外一个木桶却不这么认为，它认为它总是空着下去，满着上来，因此它感觉高兴。有时孩子们也有类似的这种想法。这个故事告诉我们：凡事都有两面性，我们应该看到积极阳光的一面。1【解析】 细节理解题。从第一段第二句“People got water by dropping a bucket tied to a rope.”可知，这两个木桶被系到一个绳索上面。【答案】 A rope./ They were tied to a rope.2【解析】 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句“.the two buckets were left standing together near the well.”可知，这两个木桶在井旁说话。【答案】 Near the well./They talked with each other near the well.3【解析】 主旨大意题。从文章最后一段最后一句“If you want to be happy，look at the bright side.”可知，这个故事告诉我们，如果我们想快乐，那就要看积极阳光的一面。【答案】 If we want to be happy，we should look at the right side of things.技法点拨技法点拨 1认真审题，问什么答什么，怎么问怎么答。回答问题类题目，在答题前，首先应该快速浏览所提问题，然后带着这个问题，有的放矢地去阅读文章，获取与问题有关的信息。 2答案要简洁准确。对那些在文章中找不到答案的问题，必须再通读全文，对获得的信息进行整理，通篇考虑，才能写出答案。 3把握好人称、时态、语态，注意问题中的人称、时态、语态与原文是否一致，不一致时要进行相应的转换。 4答完问题后要进行检查，确保答案在语法、拼写及标点等方面准确无误。书写要工整清晰，准确运用大小写及标点符号。即时运用即时运用 Pasage 1Pasage 12017长沙中考改编 “May we all blessed with longevity.Though miles apart，we are still able to share the beauty of the moon together(但愿人长久，千里共婵娟)”，wrote Su Shi，a poet during the Song Dynasty，in his well-know poem to his younger brother Su Zhe. The moon is at its brightest on the 15th day of the eight month of the lunar calendar (阴历)On this day，people celebrate MidAutumn Festival.It has been enjoying great popularity all over the country. In ancient China，that day was a harvest (收获)festival because crops(庄稼)were harvested during that period.It was a time for relaxation and celebration. Just like Thanksgiving in Western countries，families also try to get together for the MidAutumn Festival in China.Usually，no matter how far away or how busy they are，people will try to return home for the celebration. The Mid-Autumn has its own special food just as other traditional Chinese holidays.People eat mooncakes with fillings such as sugar and eggs.The round shape of the cake makes it look like the full moon.The full moon and mooncakes stand for family reunion(团聚) With the beautiful moon up in the sky，people sit together，enjoy the full moon，eat mooncakes and fruits，share the stories，and express the best wishes for the family members and friends who live afar.1Why was the MidAutumn Festival a harvest festival in ancient China？(不超过10个词)_2What do the full moon and mooncakes stand for？(不超过3个词)_3How do people spend the night of the MidAutumn Festival？(List at least three activities)(不超过15个词)_Because crops were harvested during that period.Family reunion.People sit together，eat mooncakes and fruit and share the stories. Passage 2Passage 2 Last month，heads of state from 29 foreign countries came to Beijing to attend the Belt and Road Forum(论坛)for International Cooperation(合作)The main goal of it is to make the countries work together in more areas.It has won the support of more than 130 countries and international groups. As a Chinese student，you must know something about the Silk Road. Long ago，traders brought treasures from the East to the West.Trips to the East became more favorable when traders found silks and spices(香料)These treasures were not ordinary goods that were easy to get.Many people wanted them and it was a good way to become wealthy. The Silk Road was not a real road.It was a route(路线)between the East and West.It went through China，Turkey，and Greece.Some traders traveled over land and others sailed across the sea.There was danger along both routes. Traders who went over the land used camels and horses.First，the traders crossed the desert.Then，they climbed over mountains.After that，the traders still had hundreds of miles to go.Bad weather was often a problem.Robbers who stole the silks and spices also caused trouble. Traders who crossed the sea faced some of the same problems.There were storms on the sea.Water and winds could push the boats in the wrong direction.Pirates(海盗)also chased the ships and they stole the goods and took control of the ships. Over time，the Silk Road changed people in both the East and West.Traders shared stories about faraway lands.They brought back drawings of the places and things they had seen，which helped people learn about new cultures.As a result of the Silk Road，the world seemed much smaller.1Whats the main goal of the Belt and Road Forum for the countries？(不超过5个词)_2Why did the traders travel a long way to the East？(不超过5个词)_3What was one of the same problems traders over land and across the sea faced？(不超过3个词)_To make them work together.For silks and spices.(Because they wanted more treasures.)Bad weather.