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Unit 3学业质量标准检测语文课本中的文章都是精选的比较优秀的文章,还有不少名家名篇。如果有选择循序渐进地让学生背诵一些优秀篇目、精彩段落,对提高学生的水平会大有裨益。现在,不少语文教师在分析课文时,把文章解体的支离破碎,总在文章的技巧方面下功夫。结果教师费劲,学生头疼。分析完之后,学生收效甚微,没过几天便忘的一干二净。造成这种事倍功半的尴尬局面的关键就是对文章读的不熟。常言道“书读百遍,其义自见”,如果有目的、有计划地引导学生反复阅读课文,或细读、默读、跳读,或听读、范读、轮读、分角色朗读,学生便可以在读中自然领悟文章的思想内容和写作技巧,可以在读中自然加强语感,增强语言的感受力。久而久之,这种思想内容、写作技巧和语感就会自然渗透到学生的语言意识之中,就会在写作中自觉不自觉地加以运用、创造和发展。 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)一般说来，“教师”概念之形成经历了十分漫长的历史。杨士勋（唐初学者，四门博士）春秋谷梁传疏曰：“师者教人以不及，故谓师为师资也”。这儿的“师资”，其实就是先秦而后历代对教师的别称之一。韩非子也有云：“今有不才之子师长教之弗为变”其“师长”当然也指教师。这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”，因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。 第一节(共5小题； 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)家庭是幼儿语言活动的重要环境，为了与家长配合做好幼儿阅读训练工作，孩子一入园就召开家长会，给家长提出早期抓好幼儿阅读的要求。我把幼儿在园里的阅读活动及阅读情况及时传递给家长，要求孩子回家向家长朗诵儿歌，表演故事。我和家长共同配合，一道训练，幼儿的阅读能力提高很快。 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1How does the man feel？ _C_ ABetter. BSick. CFine.2What did the woman do？ _B_ AShe watched TV.BShe learned English.CShe played on the radio.3What is the matter with the woman？ _C_ AShe doesnt feel well.BShe doesnt have enough money.CShe has no money with her.4What can we learn from this conversation？ _B_ AThe talks havent achieved much.BThe talks havent begun yet.CThe talks wont go further.5Where does the conversation take place？ _C_ AIn the mans house.BIn a dining room.CIn a restaurant.第二节(共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6What is the woman doing？ _C_ AMaking an apology to the man.BIntroducing a friend to the man.CSaying goodbye to the man.7What gift does the woman bring for Bob？ _A_ AA book. BA coat.CA toy.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8When does John want to get married？ _B_ AAt Christmas.BIn November.CIn May.9Where does the woman want to honeymoon？ _A_ AIn Cape Cod.BIn Disneyland.CIn Mexico.10How does the man find John？ _C_ AJohns ideas of wedding are very interesting.BJohn is a bit selfish.CJohn may not be the right person to marry.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11What does the woman like about the new drink？ _C_ AThe colour. BThe taste.CThe bottle.12What is the most important thing in advertising according to the man？ _A_ AImage. BMoney.CPeer pressure.13Why does most advertising target young people？ _B_ AThey have more money.BThey are easily influenced.CThey like to watch the new advertisements.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14What are the speakers mainly talking about？ _B_ AEmily s public relations skills.BHelping the man with his campaign.CCampaign posters.15What is the mans opponent giving away？ _A_ ANotebooks. BPosters.CTshirts.16What is the mans attitude to the womans offer of help？ _B_ AAngry. BHappy.CDoubtful.17What do we know about the man？ _C_ AHe has no money at all.BHe has no need for money.CHe doesnt have much money.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18What does the speaker mainly talk about？ _A_ AThe uses of robots.BThe future of robots.CThe lost of making robots.19Why did workers refuse to accept the use of robots at first？ _C_ AThey thought robots wouldnt be fast enough.BThey thought robots would break down too often.CThey thought robots would take the place of human workers.20What can we learn from the conversation？ _B_ AThere were no robots in the workplace during the 1950s.BMore advanced robots will eventually appear in the workplace.CRobots mainly do routine and boring jobs now.听力原文Text 1W：John，how are you？I heard you were sick.M：They must have confused me with somebody else.Ive never felt better.Text 2M：How could you do that?W：It was easy.The play on the radio was in English，so I listened and studied at the same time.Text 3M：Whats the matter？You look as white as a sheet.W：I didnt bring any money with me.I cant pay the bill.Text 4M：How are the talks going？Have they reached any agreement?W：They seem only to have agreed on another date for further talks.Text 5W：Id like to arrange a large party.M：What for，Miss?W：I want to have my wedding reception here.M：Fine.Let me show you our group menu.Text 6W：I really should be on my way.M：Oh，not yet！Cant you stay a bit longer?W：No.Thanks all the same.M：Well，Im sorry you have to leave so early.W：Thank you very much.We really had a good time.M：Well，thank you for coming and thanks for your gift.Bob will like the book very much.Text 7W：Hello?M：Hi，Kate，its father.Did you talk to John？Whens the wedding?W：Well，we just cant agree on the month.John wants to get married in November.Can you believe that?M：But thats only three months from now.W：Yeah，and its so cold at that time of year.M：Why does John want to get married in the winter，Kate?W：Well，we met at Thanksgiving.John wants to get married on the anniversary of our first meeting.M：But darling，wouldnt you rather get married in the summer?W：Well，Im thinking about May，actually.Any day in May is likely to be warm.M：That sounds much better.And you could honeymoon in Mexico.W：Actually，Im thinking about Cape Cod.A May honeymoon there seems so romantic.M：What does John think?W：He wants to honeymoon at Disneyland.M：Oh my goodness，Kate！Are you sure you want to marry this man?Text 8M：Do you think teenagers will like this new drink?W：It tastes a little strange to me，but I like the look of the bottle.M：Youre getting the key of this business already！In advertising，image is the most important thing.W：Why do all your ads target young people？Most of them dont have very much money.M：Its true that most older people earn more money，but many of them are set in their ways and are harder to influence.W：So young people are more likely to be influenced by advertising?M：Yes，thats usually true.For many young people，its important to be“cool”and to fit in.W：So peer pressure is a powerful marketing tool?M：It sure is.Text 9W：Hi，Mark！I see youre running for office.Your names everywhere on campus.M：Yes，Im running for student president.Do you like my campaign posters?W：Yes.But I was wondering if you might need some help.Ive noticed your opponent has her own posters everywhere，and shes giving away free notebooks，too.M：She is？Well，I cant afford that.And I could use some help.Right now，my campaign committee consists of my brother Norman and me.W：Well，now you can count on me.I think my friend Emily would be willing to help out，too.Shes studying public relations，and this would be a good chance for her to practice her skills.M：Great.Lets meet tomorrow afternoon in front of the library.Maybe the two of you could come up with some ideas for my campaign before we meet.W：Sure.Emilys very creative.M：Thats what I need.Ive got to stand out above the crowd if I want to win.W：Well，well do our best.Id sure like to see you become President Mark!Text 10M：Continuing our units on industrial America，this morning well discuss the role of robots in modern times.Robots that did useful work did not appear until the 1960s.At first，workers refused to accept the use of robots，out of the fear that jobs would be lost.Over the last thirty years，however，the growth of robots in industry has been huge.The use of robots to do routine and boring jobs has allowed workers to take on more challenging tasks.Robots have also proved very useful in the handling of hot or dangerous components that might otherwise harm human beings.Most robots currently being used in industry are simple machines programmed by humans.But a new generation of robots with advanced computers is likely to appear soon.They can react to information by making judgements and in a sense“think”for themselves.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A(2018河南省濮阳市高二期末)Where will you go to escape the stress of life and the noise of traffic? To find out，we turned to questionandanswer site Quora，where users have been sharing their opinions.From an Alpine palace in Germany to some amazing English views，these dreamy destinations are so magical that its hard to believe theyre real.Gaudis otherworldly imaginationDesigned by one of Spains most famous architects，Antoni Gaudi，the Roman Catholic church Sagrada Familia is a legend in itself.Construction began in 1882，but less than a quarter of the project was complete when Gaudi died in 1926.Since then，work has progressed slowly.How about the ending? Architects plan to complete the project in 2026，the centenary of Gaudis death.As Barcelonas most popular tourist site，Sagrada Familia attracts three million visitors every year for one good reason: Its a masterpiece unlike anything else in the world which is largely responsible for the citys lively personality.A setting that could steal the spotlight from any storybook heroWith its valleys surrounded by lakes，rivers，hills and peaks，the Lake District in Englands northwest is quite literally taken out of fairy tales.This place was Beatrix Potters inspiration for Peter Rabbit and the residence(居所)of the Lake Poets，including William Wordsworth，Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey.One of natures most magical illusionsOnce upon a time in the faraway land of the Faroe Islands，Lake Leitisvatn became known as the most striking of all the islands lakes.At more than 6km long，it is the biggest in the Faroe Islands.In reality，Lake Leitisvatn is actually no more than about 30m above sea level.A steep cliff in front of the lake and a clever camera angle make the lake appear to be much higher than it really is.语篇解读：本文介绍了一个网站Quora。你将在哪里可以逃避生活的压力和交通的噪音？为了找到答案，我们求助于问答网站Quora，那里的用户一直在分享他们的观点。从德国的一座高山宫殿到一些令人惊叹的英国风景，这些梦幻般的目的地是如此神奇，以至于人们很难相信它们是真实的。21From the first paragraph，we know Quora is a site where you can _C_ .Arelease your stress of lifeBask your teachers questionsCget different views about somethingDfind guides to any magical attractions解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中To find out，we turned to questionandanswer site Quora，where users have been sharing their opinions.可知，从第一段，我们知道Quora是一个你可以对某件事得到不同看法的网站。故C项正确。22What do you know about Sagrada Familia？ _A_ AIt hasnt been fully built yetBIt is a museum about Antoni GaudiCIt was built in honor of Antoni GaudiDIt tells much about Spains history解析：推理判断题。根据Gaudis otherworldly imagination中the Roman Catholic church Sagrada Familia is a legend in itself Construction began in 1882，but less than a quarter of the project was complete when Gaudi died in 1926.Since then，work has progressed slowly.可知，Sagrada Familia还没有完全建成。故A项正确。23Where did Beatrix Potter create the fairy tale character Peter Rabbit？ _B_ AOn Lake Leitisvatn.BIn the Lake District.CFrom Sagrada Familia.DAt certain hills and peaks.解析：细节理解题。根据A setting that could steal the spotlight from any storybook hero中With its valleys surrounded by lakes，rivers，hills and peaks，the Lake District in Englands northwest is quite literally taken out of fairy tales.可知，在the Lake District Beatrix Potter创造了童话人物Peter Rabbit。故B项正确。BReports tell us that Americans work more and vacation less than people in other major industrial countries.Still, millions of Americans do try to get away from home for a week or two in the summer months.Some might even have time and money to spend longer on vacation.For example, many retired Americans can be found driving around the United States in big recreational vehicles, known as RV.s.These serve as a home away from home.In fact, it might even be their only home as they see the country.Some American families get in their cars and drive to historic places like Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia.There, they can experience what life was like for early Americans.If that is not exciting enough, also in Williamsburg is a water park and an amusement park with rides.Other Americans visit national parks like Yellowstone or Yosemite out in the West.They want to spend time with nature.Or they take their vacation by a lake or the ocean.They might swim or fish.But many just want to sit and enjoy the feeling of doing nothing, except maybe read a book.Some families fly to other countries on vacation.Or they go on a cruise ship (大型游轮)and stop in different ports.Cruise ships are like floating cities.But not everyone goes someplace special on vacation.This might be the only time for people to work on things like home improvement projects.And while they do that, they might think of all the fun their friends are having.语篇解读：本文讲述了美国人比其他工业城市的人工作时间多，而休息时间少。当他们休息时，大部分家庭会选择在暑假离开家出去旅游一两周，甚至更长的时间，通过不同的方式去各个地方感受不一样的旅行快乐。24What can be the best title for the text？ _B_ AAmericans Work More and Vacation LessBWhere Americans Go on Their Summer VacationsCDifferent Places for Summer VacationsDNot All Americans Take Summer Vacations解析：主旨大意题。本文介绍了在暑假，美国人会花费一两周，甚至更长的时间离开家出去旅游，他们旅游的方式和地点很多，如一些人驾车环游美国、一些人去历史悠久的地方，还有一些人利用假期接近大自然，由此可推断出B项“美国人夏季去哪度假”作为文章标题最佳。故选B项。25If you want to spend time with nature, you can do the following things except _D_ .Ato visit national parksBto see the countryCto stay by a lake Dto visit historic places解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段Other Americans visit national parks like Yellowstone.Or they take their vacation by a lake or the ocean.maybe read a book.可知，如果想接近自然，你可以去参观国家公园，或呆在湖边或去海边玩耍，甚至可以读书。而to visit historic places只是能让人们感受到早期的美国生活，不属于接近自然。故选D项。26Which of the following is False？ _C_ APeople choose different destinations depending on different interests.BPeople interested in history can have fun in Colonial Williamsburg.CAll the people take vacations only to do nothing but relax themselves.DNot all Americans can afford time and money to go on a vacation.解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的But not everyone goes someplace special on vacation.This might be the only time for people to work on things like home improvement projects.可知，并不是每个美国人都会在假期放松自己去各个地方旅游，有些人也许只有在假期才能进行他们的家庭改进工作。C项中的All the people和only用词过于绝对，C项表述错误，故为答案。27What does the underlined sentence of the passage mean？ _D_ AThey fully enjoy doing their work on home improvement projects.BThey think of their work at home as a special kind of vacation.CThey can imagine what fun their friends are having on vacation.DThey might envy their friends having time going on vacation.解析：词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的描述可知，有的美国人会利用假期做家庭改进的工作，而这些人是不能出去旅游的，由此可推断出画线句表达的是他们可能会羡慕他们的朋友有时间出去旅游。故选D项。C(2018江西省吉安市高二期末)There is a man who is dying to find the way to success，but he doesnt have an idea how to do it.One day，he meets a guru，a religious teacher，on the road.The man asks the guru，“Which way is to success？” The gum doesnt speak，but points to a place off in the distance.The man，thrilled by the prospect of quick and easy success，rushes off in that direction.Along the way，he is occupied in looking up something special but there is nothing.Suddenly there comes a loud splat(溅泼声)Eventually，the man limps back in rags，assuming he must have misinterpreted the message.Therefore，he returns to the guru for a reason.He repeats his question to the gum，who again points silently in the same direction.The man was obedient to walk off once more.This time the splat is deafening，and when the man crawls back，he is bloody，broken and angry，“I asked you which way was to success，” he screams at the guru，“ I followed the direction you pointed to.And all I got was being knocked down! No more of this pointing! Tell me why? Talk！”Only then does the guru speak，and what he says is that “Success is that way.Just a little past the splat.”语篇解读：这是一篇哲理性小故事。有一个人渴望找到成功的道路，于是询问一名智者，智者指向远处的一个地方。于是这个人就一直向前，失败后就又不再继续寻找，最终什么也没有找到，狼狈不堪。智者告诉他，成功就是经历失败后继续向前。这篇文章告诉我们，不要过早的放弃，成功就在你失败之后。28Why does the man fail once more？ _D_ AHe is so stupid that he cannot find it.BThe way to success does not exist in life.CThe guru gave the wrong direction to him.DHe does not make sense of the gurus words.解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“what he says is that Success is that way.Just a little past the splat.”可推断，这个人之所以再一次失败，是因为他们没有完全理解智者的话，成功的道路充满失败，不要过早放弃，继续坚持，你就会成功。故选D。29What does the underlined word “obedient” in Paragraph 3 mean？ _A_ ASubmitted. BPleasing.CDisappointed. DUnwilling.解析：词句猜测题。由第二段可知，当这个再次询问智者那条路通向成功时，智者再次重复了以前的问题，指向同一个方向，结合下文“walk off once more.”可推断，这个听了智者的话，很听话的再次离开了，再次撞得头破血流。因此可知，画线词词义是“顺从的”与A项意义相近。故选A。30What does the guru think of how to succeed？ _C_ AGetting the help from others.BAchieving it all on your own.CKeeping on going after some failures.DJust facing up to many difficulties.解析：推理判断题。由最后一段的“Success is that way.Just a little past the splat.”可推断，智者认为成功时经历许多失败以后，继续向前。故选C。31What does the passage mainly tell us？ _B_ ABelieve in yourself.BDont give up too soon.CListen to the wisdoms suggestion.DIntroduce the gurus wisdom.解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文特别是最后一段的内容可推断，文章通过讲述一个人追逐成功的故事，告诉读者不要太早的放弃，失败后继续坚持，你就会成功。故选B。D(2018全国卷)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are，like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896，Dawson，Canada，was unmapped wilderness (荒野)But gold was discovered there in 1897，and two years later，it was one of the largest cities in the West，with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path，killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were，Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon，the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today，people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，题材是城市发展历史。文章主要介绍了加拿大Dawson City的兴衰及其背后的原因。32What attracted the early settlers to New York City？ _C_ AIts business culture.BIts small population.CIts geographical position.DIts favourable climate.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，New York City吸引早期定居者之处就是它靠近Hudson River河口，交通和贸易便利，所以是它的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。文章中没有A项和D项的相关信息；B项不是吸引人们定居的原因。故选C。33What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson？ _B_ ATwothirds of them stayed there.BOne out of five people got rich.CAlmost everyone gave up.DHalf of them died.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.”可知，约五分之一的人发财了。故选B。A、C、D三项在文中都没有提到。34What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson？ _B_ AThey found the city too crowded.BThey wanted to try their luck elsewhere.CThere were unable to stand the winter.DThey were short of food.解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were new gold dis
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