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菏泽语法十非谓语动词考点考点1 动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形动词原形”，否定形式是在，否定形式是在不定式前加不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。(1)作主语作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式作形式主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“Itbeadj. (for sb. )动词不定式动词不定式”。Its important (for us) to protect the environment. (对我们来说对我们来说)保护环境很重要。保护环境很重要。(2)作表语作表语My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。我的工作是教英语。(3)作宾语或宾语补足语作宾语或宾语补足语接接to do作宾语的动词或短语有作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。等。接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。等。在使役动词在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词和感官动词see, feel, notice, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要要省略。省略。help后的不定式可带后的不定式可带to也可不带。也可不带。make sb. do sth. 的被动语态必须加的被动语态必须加tomake sb. do sth. 中用不带中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，的不定式作宾语补足语，但是变为被动语态时，不定式符号但是变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。要还原。(4)作定语作定语I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。我有许多家庭作业要做。动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。The cat is easy to take care of. 这只猫很容易照顾。这只猫很容易照顾。(5)作状语作状语Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter. 王太太去上海看她女儿。王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的目的)Were glad to meet you here. 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因原因)He is too tired to work on. 他太累了不能继续工作了。他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果结果)(6)“疑问词动词不定式疑问词动词不定式”结构结构疑问词疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接动词等后接动词不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go(where he should go)他不知道去哪里。他不知道去哪里。(7)含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语too. . . to. . . 太太而不能而不能Why dont you do sth. ？为什么不做某事？为什么不做某事？had better do sth. 最好做某事最好做某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事make sb. do sth. 让某人去做某事让某人去做某事be made to do sth. 被迫做某事被迫做某事1(2017齐齐哈尔中考齐齐哈尔中考)It takes me half an hour _ playing the piano. How about you? I usually spend 20 minutes _it. Apracticing; on Bto practice; inCto practice; onC2(2017绥化中考绥化中考)My parents have a lot of housework _ Ado Bto do Cdoing3(2017齐齐哈尔中考齐齐哈尔中考)It is raining outside. Why not _ an umbrella? Ato take Btake CtakingBB4As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital _ them up. Ato cheer BcheerCcheering Dcheered5He found it important _ the situation all over the world. Astudy Bto studyCstudies Dto be studiedAB6(2017南充中考南充中考)Mario, your mobile phone is ringing. Wait a minute. Its dangerous for us _ it while crossing the street. Aanswering Bto answer Canswer DansweredB7(2017宜宾中考宜宾中考)The child is crying. Please do something to make him _ Astop to cry Bstop cryingCto stop cryingB8(2017天津中考天津中考)We only planned _ the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. Awatch Bwatches Cto watch Dwatched9Your father is sleeping. Youd better _ Anot wake up him Bnot to wake up himCnot wake him up Dnot to wake him upCC10(2017河南中考河南中考)Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _ sure we dont break anything. Amake Bmade Cto make DmakingC11Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming that day? Sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. Ato do BdoneCdo Dto be doneA12(2017长春中考长春中考) _Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year. ASpreading BTo spreadCSpreads DSpreadB13(2017郴州中考郴州中考)What shall we do this weekend? Well drive to Dongjiang Lake _ boating. Ato go Bgo Cgoing14(2017海南中考海南中考)After two hours drive, the driver decided _ and have a rest. Astop Bto stop CstoppingAB15(2017扬州中考扬州中考)Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time _ her words on paper. Aput Bputting Cto put Dputs16The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people. Aholding Bhold Cto hold Dholds CC考点考点2 动名词动名词动名词由动名词由“动词原形动词原形ing”构成，与现在分词同形。构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语可有宾语和状语)，也有名词，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(1)动名词常用结构动名词常用结构只能跟动名词的动词或短语有只能跟动名词的动词或短语有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。等。haven. (in) doinghave fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulties (in) doing等。等。to doing 结构，结构，to是介词是介词be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。等。(2)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。不同。17Have you forgotten _ $1，000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? Aborrowing; to bring Bto borrow; to bring Cborrowed; bringing Dborrowing; bringingA18(2017龙东中考龙东中考)Would you mind _ here? Of course not. Ill _ my cigarette at once. Anot smoking; put awayBnot smoking; put outCnot to smoke; put offB19Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty _ the problem. Aworking out Bhaving worked outCto have worked out Dto work out A20(2017黄冈中考黄冈中考)Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world. Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid _ products made in China. Ato buy BbuyingCbought DbuyB21My brother keeps _ me with my work. Ato help BhelpChelping Dhelped22Ive enjoyed _ to take with you. Ato be able Bbeing ableCto been able Dof being ableCB23Mr. Wang came into the office without _ the door. Aknock Bknocking at Cto knock at Dknocking to24(2017重庆中考重庆中考)Dave is a good boy and he always finishes _ his homework on time. Ado BdidCdoes DdoingBD25(2017渝北中考渝北中考)There are some people _ soccer in the park. Aplay BplaysCplaying Dto playC26(2017常州中考常州中考)Why doesnt the surgeon stop _ lunch? Because he is too busy _ a dying patient in the operation room. Ato have; to save Bhaving; to saveCto have; saving Dhaving; savingC27(2017淮安中考淮安中考)The research he devotes himself to _ the farmers have a better harvest is very important. Ahelping Bto helpChelp DhelpedA考点考点3 现在分词现在分词现在分词由现在分词由“动词原形动词原形ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、还具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。宾语补足语、状语等。The crying girl cant find her mother. 那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。(定语定语)The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。这个故事很有趣。(表语表语)I saw him studying in the classroom. 我看到他正在教室里学习。我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足语宾语补足语)Studying hard, you will pass the exam. 只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。(状语状语)28(2017龙东中考龙东中考)I saw Jim _ into that new building just now. Oh, its our new library. It _to the public for a week. Awalk; has opened Bwalking; has been openCwalking; has openedB29I heard him _ an English song when I passed his room last night. Asing Bsinging Csung Dto singB30(2016衡阳中考衡阳中考)The novel is great. Its well worth _ Aread Breads CreadingC考点考点4 过去分词过去分词(1)由由“动词原形动词原形ed”构成，表示被动、完成意义，构成，表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。She is very tired. 她很疲劳。她很疲劳。(表语表语)The boy wore a pair of faded jeans. 那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定语定语)She found the village greatly changed. 她发现这个村庄变化很大。她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补足语宾语补足语)(2)现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。关系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子一个正在睡觉的孩子a developing country一个发展中国家一个发展中国家boiling water正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水a surprising look一个令人吃惊的表情一个令人吃惊的表情过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示被动关系或者已经完成。关系，表示被动关系或者已经完成。the novel written by Luxun 鲁迅写的那篇小说鲁迅写的那篇小说 a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被粉丝包围的歌手被粉丝包围的歌手fallen leaves 落叶落叶a snowcovered city被雪覆盖的城市被雪覆盖的城市31(2016龙东中考龙东中考)A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel _ by Charles Dickens. Awritten Bwas writtenCwroteA32(2016内江中考内江中考)Bad luck! The film star had her leg _ while playing a part in the film. Ato break BbreakingCbreak DbrokenD
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