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一、重点单词1._v. 乱扔n.垃圾、废弃物2._v. &n. 花费、价钱3. n. 底部、最下部4._n. 塑料、塑胶adj.塑料的 5. adj.有害的 (反义词) 6._adj.丑陋的、难看的 (反义词)注：用“”标识的为高频词汇littercostbottomplasticharmfulharmlessuglybeautiful 7. n. 方法、措施8._v. 承担得起(后果)、买得起9._n. 瓶、瓶子10. n. 调查 11. v.管理、经营 (n.)管理、经营 (n.)管理者、经理12. v.克服、战胜 (过去式) (过去分词) (现在分词)13._ adv. 向前面、在前面 14._n.优点 (反义词)注：用“”标识的为高频词汇methodaffordbottlesurveymanagemanagermanagementovercomeovercameovercomeovercomingaheadadvantagedisadvantage二、重点短语1.set _出发、启程2. from分离、隔开 3.make a 起作用、有影响4.take _ in参加 5._ away扔掉、抛弃6.put sth. to _好好利用7._ down上下颠倒 注：用“”标识的为高频词汇outseparatedifferencepartthrowgood useupside 8._ back恢复、使想起9.in a _连续几次地 10.make a _弄得一团糟 11. in信任、信赖 12._ all首先13.be for对有责任14.be _ for渴望、渴求注：用“”标识的为高频词汇bringrowmessbelieveaboveresponsiblethirsty三、重点句型1.We are trying to save the earth. 我们正在努力拯救地球。2.The river used to be so clean. 河流曾经是那么干净。3.The air is badly polluted. 空气被严重污染。 4.No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. 没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有好处。 5.We should help save the sharks. 我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。6.What happened in Grade 7 that was special? 在7年级发生了什么特别的事情吗？ Our team won the school basketball competition. 我们球队赢得了学校的篮球比赛。7.How have you changed since you started junior high school? 自从你开始初中生活以来你有了哪些改变？ Ive become much better at speaking English. 我的英语说得越来越好了。四、交际用语Talk about pollution and environmental protection(谈论污染和环谈论污染和环境保护境保护)The river used to be so clean.It was considered the nicest river in town.The air has become really polluted.Share past memories and experiences(分享过去的记忆和经历分享过去的记忆和经历)I think that Ill have to study much harder for exams.Look ahead to the future(展望未来展望未来)Im going to join the school volleyball team.Im looking forward to going to senior high school.五、重点语法1.复习动词的时态和语态(现在进行时、一般现在时的被动态、现在完成时)、情态动词、used to 2.复习一般过去时、宾语从句、一般将来时、一般现在时等Yes, but people are throwing litter into the river. 是的，不过人们正在往这条河里扔垃圾。(P 97)【解析】单词litter的用法：litter是个常见词，可用作动词和名词。因此，其用法也应从两方面把握：(1)litter用作动词时，意为“乱丢、乱扔”。如： Dont litter the ground with paper.勿随地乱扔纸屑。The entrance hall is littered with toys and wellington boots.门厅里到处乱扔着玩具和雨靴。(2)litter用作名词时，意为“垃圾、废弃物”。通常为不可数名词。如：People shouldnt drop litter on pavements, should they?人们不应该在人行道上乱丢废物，对吗？Our students should pick up the litter after the picnic.我们的学生在野餐后应捡起垃圾。【用法拓展】常见的“垃圾”名词还有rubbish, trash, junk, garbage。这些词通常也用作不可数名词。如：This rubbish should be carted away at once.这些垃圾应当立即用车运走。Only eat junk food and fried food.只吃垃圾食品和油炸食品。Could you take out the trash？你能把垃圾扔出去吗？There is some garbage in bags near the door.门口还有几袋子垃圾。Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything! 这对健康有好处，它不花费任何东西！(P 98)【解析】cost的用法：cost是个高频词汇，可用作动词与名词，具体用法如下：(1)用作动词时，是不规则动词，其过去式、过去分词均是cost。主要搭配有：表示“花费”，其主语通常是事或物 (包括形式主语it)，不能是人。而cost sb. some money为双宾语结构。如：The computer cost (me) 2000.这部电脑花了(我)2000美元。It cost me 1000 a year to run a car.使用一辆车每年要花(我)1000美元。cost 的宾语通常是钱。如：How much did it cost to build the bridge?建这座桥花了多少钱？【温馨提示】cost 有时也用于时间，但通常用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如：Making experiments like this cost much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。通常不用于被动语态。如：这外套花了30美元。The coat cost thirty dollars.()Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.()有时用于比喻用法中。如：His mistake cost him his job.他的错误使他丢了工作。(2)cost作名词时，意思是“成本、费用、价钱、代价”；引申可指“损失、牺牲”。 短语at all/any cost表示“不惜任何代价、无论如何”。如：We have to sum up the costs of production.我们得计算一下生产成本。He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。Also, I never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when I buy takeaway food. 当我买外卖食品时，我从来没有拿木筷子或塑料叉子。(P 98)【解析】单词plastic的用法：plastic可用作形容词与名词，因而应从两方面把握其用法：(1)plastic用作形容词的基本意思是“(指物品)塑料的”，在专业术语中可指某种物质是“可塑的”。如：A kind of plastic stuff is used to make the plates.这些盘子是用一种塑料制造的。 Clay is a plastic substance.黏土是可塑物质。 (2)plastic用作名词的基本意思是“塑料、塑料制品”，用作可数名词时常用于复数形式；当plastic指的是制造某种成品的原材料时，多用作不可数名词。如：Plastic is sometimes used instead of leather.塑胶有时可以替代皮革。 Many items in daily use are made out of plastic.有很多日常生活用品是塑料制的。 So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! 因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，创造更加美好的未来。(P 98)【解析】短语make a difference的用法：短语make a difference 意为“起作用、有影响、有重要性”，尤其是指好的方面。表示对客观事实或行动的评价。如：One honest man can make a difference.有一个老实人就可以大变样。I think you can make a difference, Ellen.我觉得你可以发挥影响力，埃伦。Does her absence make a difference to your work? 没有她，会影响你的工作吗？【用法拓展】短语make a difference中的a可以替换为不同修饰语，从而表达不同意思。如：make a great difference 有很大差别、有很大不同make a difference between 区别对待 make some difference to 对有些关系 make no difference to 对没有关系 make all the difference 关系重大、大不相同 make all the difference in the world 关系重大、大不相同 make a world of difference 关系重大、大不相同Yes, we cant afford to wait any longer to take action! 是的，我们得采取行动，等不及啦！(P 100)【解析】动词 afford的用法：动词afford常与 can, be able to 等连用，表示“担负得起”某事或某物的费用、损失、后果等，或表示“抽得出”时间等，后面通常可接名词、代词、不定式等(多用于否定句或疑问句)。如：I cant afford a holiday this summer.今年夏天我无法度假。I cant afford (to buy) a new coat.我没钱买件新外衣。He cant afford the time for it.他抽不出时间来做此事。He says he really cant afford to wait another day.他说他确实一天也不能再等了。【温馨提示】afford与动词搭配时，需接不定式to do sth.，不接doing sth.形式。如：He can afford to keep a motorcar.他负担得起备有一辆汽车。有时因表达需要，afford to do sth.中的to do被省略，直接使用afford sth.形式。如：They walked because they couldnt afford (to take) a taxi.他们因为坐不起计程车而步行。Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use?你有没有想过这些东西实际上如何可以好好利用吗？(P 102)【解析】短语put sth. to good use的用法：短语put sth.to good use意为“充分利用某物、好好利用某物”，相当于make good use of sth.。如：As a teacher, I hope I can put these things to good use.作为一名老师，我希望我能好好利用这些东西。Hell be able to put his experience to good use in the new job.他能在新的工作中把他的经验派上用场了。He put his ability to good use and did a good job.他施展本领干好工作。Because of her, I put in more effort and my exam scores doubled. 因为她，我投入更多的努力且我的考试分数翻倍。(P 106)【解析】double的用法与辨析：double可用作动词与形容词，具体用法如下：(1)double可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。意为“加倍、是的两倍”。用作及物动词时，接名词或代词作宾语；用作不及物动词时，常与as, for等介词连用，还常与back, up等副词连用。 如：If you double five, you make ten.五加倍就是十。 The measures will enable us to double our output of bicycles.这些措施能使我们的自行车产量加倍。 (2)double用作形容词时，意为“两倍的、加倍的”。当表示“双的”意思时，其所修饰的名词一般为单数；double也常用来表示倍数，后面可接名词、数词、代词，在double与被修饰的名词之间有时还可用定冠词the或物主代词。如：The date had a double significance.那个日子有双重意义。 We bought a double bed.我们买了一张双人床。【辨析】double与twice两者均可表示“两倍”，但具体用法有别：词条词条用法用法例句例句double除用作副词外，还可以用作动词、名词、形容词等。The output is double that of last year.产量比去年增加一倍。After all, HP makes nearly double the revenue that Apple does each quarter.毕竟，每个季度惠普挣到了几乎是苹果两倍的收入。twice副词，意为“两倍、两次”，在句中可修饰动词，也可修饰形容词、名词、数词或其他副词。I am more than twice as old as he.我的年龄是他的两倍还不止。 Ive seen this film twice.这部影片我已经看过两次了。 Im trying to keep my cool!我在尽力保持冷静。(P 107)【解析】句型Sb. try to do sth.的用法：Sb.try to do sth.是一常见句型，意为“某人尽力去做某事、试图去做某事”。如：From now on I will try to do better.从现在起我要尽量做得好些。I try to set aside a few minutes each day to do some exercise.我每天尽量腾出一些时间来锻炼一下身体。 【辨析】try to do sth.与try doing sth.二者结构相似，但用法有别：词条词条用法用法例句例句try to do sth.意为“努力去做某事(是真心地想把它办成，做好)”。I am trying to learn English，I read many books，listen to the tapes, etc.我努力想把英语学好，我读了很多书，又听了一些英语磁带等。try doing sth.意为“试试看、尝试做某事(看有何结果)”，即试验一下某种方法是否可行。I am hot, I try opening the window, but I am still hot, at last, I turn on the air-conditioner.我很热，我试着打开窗，可是还是热，最后还是开了空调。Mrs. Chen believes in all of them and tells them to .陈太太相信他们并叫他们(P 109)【解析】短语believe in的用法与辨析：短语believe in意为“信任、信赖”等。如：I believe in you.我信任你。 I believe in and love myself more than I ever have before.我从没有像现在这样信任并喜欢我自己。【辨析】believe in与believe二者都有“相信”的意思，但具体用法有别：词条词条用法用法例句例句believe in“信任(某人的人品)”；还表示“信仰、信任”。We believe in him.我们信任他。We do not believe in ghosts.我们不信鬼神。 believe“相信某人(说的话是真的)、信以为真”。I dont believe what you said.我不信你说的话。Do you believe his reports?你相信他的报告吗？【温馨提示】试比较下列两语的不同含义： I believe him.(I believe what he says.)我相信他(的话)。I believe in him.(I trust him.)我相信他是一个可以信得过的人。(即：我信任他)在英美人的谈话中，经常可以听到这么一句口头禅Believe me.这是一个用以表示希望对方相信自己谈话的口头语，它相当于I bet.或Take my word for it.如：Believe me, you will get well very soon.你一定会很快就恢复健康的。Believe me可以根据不同的场合，译作“真的”、“我不骗你”、“一定会”或“请相信”。Believe me, hes not telling the truth.我不骗你，他说得不是真话。As you set out on your new journey, you shouldnt forget where you came from.在新的旅行启程之际，不应忘了你来自何处。(P 110)【解析】短语set out的用法：短语set out有多种意思，故应把握以下用法：(1)意为“出发、启程、启航”。如：The Pilgrims set out for the New World.英国清教徒们启航驶向“新大陆”。He will set out tomorrow on his journey to Beijing.他明天动身去北京。(2)意为“试图”。如：George set out to improve his pitching.乔治试图提高他的投球技术。He set out to do a lot of things, but didnt succeed.他原打算做许多事，但都未成功。(3)意为“开始、着手”。如：They set out to perform the operation.他们开始动手术。They are setting out on a new experiment.他们正着手进行一项新的试验。【用法拓展】相关短语：set off出发、动身set about着手、开始做.单项选择。( )1.Careless driving will _ you your life. A. cost B. take C. need D. spend( )2.This English dictionary_ me five dollars. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost ( )3.They_ to look for the missing girl at once. A. set out B. took out C. put out D. got outAAD.根据汉语提示完成句子。1. 作为一名学生，你应该知道如何好好利用时间。As a student, you should know how to , . 2. 你要纸袋还是塑料袋？Do you want paper or ？put your time to good use /make good use of your timeplastic bags3. 大多数塑料不易传热或导电。 do not readily conduct heat or electricity.4. 她几乎做不到再多等一小时了。She can hardly afford another hour.5. 那时候他的妈妈付不起孩子的教育费用。His mother to pay for her childs education at that time. Most plasticsto wait forcouldnt / wasnt able to afford6. 不要乱扔废纸。 the place with wastepaper. 7. 我讨厌那些在森林里乱扔垃圾的人。I hate people in the forest.8. 你可以信任这位姑娘，她决不会让你失望的。You can this girl, shell never let you down.Dont litterwho litterbelieve in
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