资源描述
比较级与最高级语法专讲形容词分为三种等级: 原级 , 比较级与最高级。一、形容词的原级及用法形容词的原级( 形容词本来面目不作变化)1.表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较2.可以修饰原级的词:veryquiteenough( “足够 ”,用在形容词后 )soprettytoohowrather ( 相当 )(not) asas( “( 不 ) 像一样 ”,同级比较 )not soas ( “不像一样”, 同级比较 )e.g.How happy we are!我们多么高兴啊！This ruler is as long as that one.这把尺子和那把一样长。 ( 变否定句 )This ruler is not as/so long as that one.二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则单音节词比较级在词尾加er,最高级加 estcold colder coldesttall taller tallesthigh higher highestlong longer longest以字母 e 结尾的词只加r 或 stnice nicer nicestlate later latestfine finer finest重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er 或 estbig bigger biggesthot hotter hottestwet wetter wettestthin thinner thinnestredredder reddestfat fatter fattestsad sadder saddest以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词把y 变 i 再加 er 或 esteasy easier easiestearly earlier earliestfunny funnier funniest happy happier happiestheavy heavier heaviestdirty dirtier dirtiest多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是 ful 结尾及 v.+ed/ing 构成的形容词 )及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加 more 或 mostinterestingimportantdifficultexcitiedtiredcarefulpopularexpensiveboringfun不规则变化little less leastgood / well better bestbad / ill / badly worse worstmany / much more mostold older oldest (年龄大的 ,与 than 连用 )old elder eldest( 年“长的 ”,只作定语不与than 连用 )far farther farthest(距离远 )far further furthest(除距离外 ,还指程度上更进一步的 )副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同三、比较级用法1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更 ”2.可以修饰比较级的词: much = a lot( 得多 )a little = a bit (一点点 )even (甚至 )far ( 远远 )any (丝毫 ,稍微 , 用于否定和疑问句中)3.比较级标志 : thanor4.形容词比较级句式: A + be + 形容词的比较级+ than + B.(A 比 B ) Which/Who +be + 形容词比较级 , A or B? (哪个 /谁更 ,A 还是 B？)练习写出下列句子凯特很瘦。凯特和玛丽谁更瘦？玛丽比凯特更瘦。玛丽比凯特更瘦吗？是的,她是。这个书包和这个箱子不一样沉。这个书包和这个箱子哪个更沉？这个箱子比书包更沉。5.副词比较级句式: A实义动词副词的比较级thanB. (A 得比 B )Which/Who + 实义动词三单 , A or B?(哪个 /谁得更,A 还是 B？)练习写出下列句子自行车和轿车哪个走得快？轿车比自行车走得快。这只羊和这只狗跑得不一样快。这只羊比狗跑得快吗？吉姆比汤姆上床睡觉早。(上句同义句 )_6.比较级特殊用法:the +比较级 +of the two“两者中较的 ”他是两个男孩中较高的。He sthe taller of the two boys.“比较级 +and+比较级 ”或 “more and more +多音节词 ”“越来越 ”他越来越高。He staller and taller.英语越来越重要English is more and more important.The+ 比较级, the+比较级 “越, 越 ”你越快乐就越美丽。The happier you are, the morebeautiful you are.not + 比较级 +than“不如, 不比 ”no +比较级 +than“一样都不 ”You are not taller than me.你不比我高。You are no taller than me. 你和我一样都不高。比较级 +than any other +sig.+in+ 同一范围比较级 +than any +sig.+in+ 非同一范围“比非同一范围中任何一个更 ”She s nicer thanany other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。(主语本身就在比较范围之中, 因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较)She s nicer than any girl in her sister. s class她比她妹妹班里任何一个女孩都漂亮。(主语不在该较范围之中,因此主语可以与该范围内任何一个作比较 )该用法虽然出现了in 所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级 ,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。四、最高级用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最 ”2.形容词最高级前必须加the,副词前的 the 可以省略 。3.最高级标志 :inofor4.句式 : the + 最高级+(n.) + in + 比较范围我是我们班最聪明的。I mthe cleverest in our class. the + 最高级 +(n.) + of + 同类事物这本书是所有书中最有趣的。The book is the mostinteresting of all the books. Which/Who +v.( 单数 ) +最高级 , A, B or C?Jay, Will 和 JJ 谁最收欢迎？Who is the most popular,Jay, Will or JJ?五、例题解析与难点攻克主语为人时than 后面的比较对象若用代词用主格还是宾格？请判断正误 :1. She looks nicer than I do.() “比同一范围中其他任何一个更 ”She looks nicer than I.()She looks nicer than me.()Notes:than 可以作连词其后跟省略句,该省略句构成为(主格+助动词 /be/情态动词 ),而谓语部分可省略; than 还可以作介词在口语中跟人称代词宾格主语为物时的比较对象的一致性问题2.Her hair is longer than her mother.()Her hair is longer than her mother s(.)3.My bag is bigger than you.()My bag is bigger than your.()My bag is bigger than your bag.()My bag is bigger than yours.()Notes:比较对象应与主语对等,当主语为限定词+n.时,than后的其比较对象可为:限定词 +n.名词所有格 (一般省略其后相同的名词)名词性物主代词(=形容词性物主代词+n.)mine yourshis hers its ours theirs4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai.()The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.()Notes:当主语有后置定语修饰时,为保证比较对象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比较对象。比较范围5.The Changjing River is the longest _ China.The Changjing River is the longest _all the rivers inChina.Notes:在最高级中 ,in 后跟比较范围 ,of 后跟进行比较的同类事物。6.China is larger than any country in Asia.()China is larger than any other country in Asia()同义句转换问题7.He is taller than anyone else in the class.= He is taller _ _ _ student in the class.= He is taller _ _ _ students in the class.= He is the _ _ student in the class.Notes:同一范围内比较比较级 +than any other +sig.+in = 比较级 +thananyone else +in=比较级 +than the other +pl.+in(只有同一范围比较才能出现 other/else)非同一范围内比较比较级 +than any+sig.+in8. This coat is more expensiver than that one.= That coat is _ than this one.= That coat isn t _ big _ this one.Notes:A+v.+ 比较级 +than+B(A 比 B 更 )= B+v.+ 比较级反义词 +than+A(B 比 A 更 )= B+v.+not as(so)as(B 与 A 不一样 ) “less+多音节词原级 +than ”“不如 ” 降级比较= That coat is less expensive than this one. Self Check1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed _ tonight.A.earlyB.earlierC.lateD.later2.The food of our country is _ than that ofwesterncountries.A.rather good thanB.much better thanC.more better thanD.so goos as3.The ice in the lake is as _ as it was before.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnestDthethinnest4.Who is _ running star in your school?A.famousB.more famousC.the most famousD.less famous5.Which season do you like _? Summer.A.goodB.wellC.the betterD.best6.Lucy s pen is _ nicer than yours.A.tooB.moreC.quiteD.a little7.Is your brother as outgoing as you? No, he s a quietboy. He is _.A.less outgoing than meB.not so calm as IC.more outgoing than meD.as outgoing as I8.How are you today?Much _.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.the best9.Tom s card is newer than _.A.ourB.herC.myD.his10._ is more beautiful than roses.A. No other flowerB. No another flowerC. Not other flowerD. Not all flowers11.Mary studies harder _ in her class.A. as any oneB. than any other girl C. than the otherD. than anyone1.He is 3 times as _(old) as me.2.I m too tired to go any _.(far)3.Who is _, Lily or Lucy?4.Tom is the _(heavy) of the three.5.Tom is the _ of the two boys.6.Russia is _(large) than any other country in theworld.7.His computer is the _(expensive) of all.8.You are pretty _(beautiful).9.The book is _(useful) than that one.10.Who s the _(healthy) , you, he or she?11.How _(small) the shirt is! I want a _ (big)one.12.You have _(short) and _(curly) hair thanSusan.13.Is this street a lot _(noisy) than that one?14.I feel much _(excited) now.15.Soccer is becoming _ and _(popalar) in China.16.My sister doesn t write as _(good) as I do.17.The _(much) you practice, the _ (good) yourEnglish will be.18.No other animal is _(scary) than a snake.19.Math is less _(difficult) than English.20.What a _(funny) boy!21.You re _(bad) at sports than me.22.It s the third _ (long) river in China.1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag.(合并 )My bag is _ than _.2.You are funny. He s funny, 合too并. ()You are _ funny _ him.3.Tom is thinner than Sam.(同义句 )=Sam is _ than Tom.=Sam isn t as _ as Tom.4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. ( 合并 )He is _ quite _ I.5.They retall. You re tall. too.But I m taller than anyoneelse.(合并 )
展开阅读全文