牛津9A Unit 2 重点词汇解析

牛津9A Unit 2 重点词汇解析 江苏 李建高1. sleep & sleepy & sleeping & asleepsleep既可作动词，又可作名词，意为“睡觉，睡眠”。如：I didnt have a good sleep last night. / I didnt sleep well last night. 我昨晚睡得不好。sleepy作形容词，意为“瞌睡的，想睡觉的，困倦的”，在句中既可作定语，又可作表语。如：Look! What an sleepy child he is! 瞧，他是一个多么瞌睡的孩子啊！After walking a long way, I felt sleepy a lot. 走了很长一段路之后，我感到非常困倦。sleeping是形容词，意为“睡觉的，用于睡眠的，与睡眠有关的”，在句中只能作定语。如：Id like to take a sleeping car on the train. 我想乘卧铺火车。asleep是形容词，意为“睡着的，在睡觉的”，在句中只能作表语。be asleep表示“睡着的”；fall asleep表示“入睡，睡着”。如：Were you asleep or awake when I opened the door? 我开门时，你睡着了还是醒着呢？Its too hot for me to fall asleep. 太热了，我睡不着。【练一练】用sleep, sleepy, sleeping或asleep填空。Take the _ pills, and you will fall _ soon.The teacher asked the _ child to stand for some time.The man downstairs found it difficult to get to _.2. calm【解析】calm作形容词，意为“平静的；冷静的，沉着的”。如：After the storm, it became calm again. 暴风雨过后，天气又恢复平静。You must keep calm when you are in danger. 处于危险时，你一定要镇静。calm作及物动词，意为“使平静/冷静”；作不及物动词，意为“平静/镇定下来”。calm down也可表示“平静/镇定下来”。如：He soon calmed the barking dog. 他马上使吠叫的狗安静下来。At last, the wild wind calmed down. 狂风终于平息了。calm还可作名词，意为“平静(的)”。如：There was a calm on the sea. 海上风平浪静。【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。平静的湖水引起了我们去游泳的兴趣。The _ _ in the lake invited us to swim.护士们竭力使那个焦灼的病人平静下来。The nurses tried their best _ _ the anxious patient.让孩子们静一静，他们太兴奋了。Try to _ _ _ _. They are too excited.3. affect & influenceaffect和influence都可作及物动词，在表示对人或事物的影响时，意思接近。它们的区别是：affect常指有形力量造成的物质或心理上的影响，侧重“影响”的动作，指一时的“影响”。当宾语是health或表示身体某部分的词语时，常指“对产生不良影响”；当宾语是人时，指对人的心智和情感发生作用，使之产生感情波动。如：Smoking can affect your health. 吸烟会影响你的健康。The rise in the price has affected all of them. 物价的上涨影响了他们所有的人。influence常指无形力量所造成的潜移默化的、特久的影响，尤指感情或态度上的影响。这种影响往往是间接的，是通过说服或实际行动树立榜样而对他人产生影响。如：Her words wont affect my decision. 她的话不会影响我的决定。No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。【练一练】用affect或influence填空。The noise from the street _ my work.The couple is similar in characteristics in some ways. Perhaps they _ each other.The American film made the people deeply _.4. require【解析】require作及物动词，意为“需要，要求”。主要用法有：后接名词或代词；后接带动词不定式的复合宾语，即require sb. (not) to do sth.，表示“要求某人(不)做某事”；后接that引导的宾语从句。如：The old people require much more care and love. 老人需要更多的关爱。True friendship requires us to show trust and loyalty. 真正的友谊需要我们表现出信任与忠诚。The situation required that we stayed there. 当时的情况要求我们留在那儿。【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。解决这个问题需要大量的时间。To solve this problem _ a lot of time.老师要求我们在两小时内完成试卷。The teacher _ _ _ _ the paper within two hours.5. discover & inventdiscover意为“发现，发觉”，常指通过调查等发现本来已经存在，但尚未被人了解、认识或挖掘到的事物。如：Coal was first discovered and used in China. 中国人首先发现并使用了煤。The police discovered an iron box hidden under he floor. 警方发现地下藏着一个铁盒子。invent意为“发明”，指通过思考、实验和研究等创造了前所未有的事物。此外，invent还有“虚构，编造”之意。如：Edison invented the electric lamp. 爱迪生发明了电灯。They invented an excuse for being late. 他们编造了一个迟到的理由。【练一练】用discover或invent的适当形式填空。They _ a new oil field in North China last year.Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876.6. promise【解析】promise作及物动词，意为“允诺，答应”。promise (sb.) to do sth. 表示“答应(某人)做某事”。如：I have promised Nancy to attend her birthday party. 我已经答应南希去参加她的生日聚会了。promise还可作可数名词，意为“承诺，诺言”。make a promise表示“许下诺言”；keep a promise表示“遵守诺言”。如：I have made a promise to visit my aunt next summer holiday. 我已经许诺下个暑假去看望姑妈。You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守你的诺言。【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。你必须答应我好好休息一下。You must _ _ _ _ a good rest.我已经许诺明天上午八点钟到那儿。I have _ _ _ that Ill be there at 8:00 tomorrow morning.7. success & successful & successfullysuccess是名词，意为“成功”。如：As students, working hard is the key to success. 作为学生，努力学习是成功的关键。successful是形容词，意为“成功的”，由名词success加上后缀-ful构成。 be successful in doing sth. 表示“成功做某事”。如：They were successful in solving the problem. 他们成功地解决了这个难题。successfully是副词，意为“成功地”，由形容词successful加上后缀-ly构成，在句中作状语。如：I was very happy that I finished my job successfully. 我很高兴顺利地完成了我的工作。【练一练】根据句意及汉语提示写单词。Our performance was _ (成功的).Mr Wang is a great _ (成功) as a teacher.They went across the river _ (成功地).8. advise【解析】advise作及物动词，意为“建议”，用于以下两种结构：advise sb. to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”；advise sb. + 疑问词 + to do。如：Our teacher advises us to read English aloud every morning. 我们老师建议我们每天早晨大声读英语。My parents often advise me what to do on Sunday. 我父母常建议我星期天做什么。【知识链接】advise的名词形式是advice。give sb. some advice表示“给某人提建议”。如：Could you please give me some good advice? 请你给我提一些好建议好吗？【练一练】根据句意及首字母提示写单词。The doctor a _ her to take a good rest.Let me give you a piece of a_.9. free【解析】free作形容词，有“空闲的，(空间；房屋)空余的，自由的，免费的”的意思，在句中可作表语或定语。如：Are you free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗？Is there a single room free in your hotel? 你们旅馆有单人空房吗？The prisoner wished to be free again. 囚犯想重新获得自由。Admission is free for children under eight. 八岁以下的孩子免费入场。【知识链接】be free表示“有空的”，与be busy“忙碌的”意思相反。如：The line is busy! 电话占线！【练一练】选词填空。Are you _ (free / busy) for the lunch with me tomorrow?Children are very _ (free / busy). They have little time to do what they like.Keys: 1. sleeping; asleep sleepy sleep 2. calm water to calm calm the children down 3. affected influenced affected 4. requires requires us to finish / requires that we finish 5. discovered invented 6. promise me to have made a promise 7. successful success successfully 8. advised advice 9. free busy