高考英语备考 虚拟语气课件

语法专题语法专题(十十)虚拟语气虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气用于条件句 虚拟语气应用于条件状语从句中，虚拟条件句以及主句谓语动词的构成形式如下表：说明从句主句与现在事实相反If主语动词的过去式(be动词过去式通常用were)主语would或should/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反If主语动词的过去完成式主语would或should/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反If主语动词的过去式(be动词过去式通常用were)If主语should动词原形If主语were to动词原形 主句中的should常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可以根据意思用情态动词could，might，从句中的be动词在第一、三人称后有时也有用was的。 1与现在事实相反 If I were you，I wouldnt do it. 如果我是你，我就不去做这件事。 If you hurried，you would catch the bus. 你要是赶快，你是会搭上车的。(可你是这样慢吞吞的。) If he were here，everything would be all right. 要是他在这儿，一切都没问题了。 这样考过 (天津)This printer is of good quality.If it _ break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense. AwouldBshould Ccould Dmight 解析：句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。 答案：B 2与过去事实相反 If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train. 如果你早点儿起来，你就会赶上火车了。 If I had been there，I would have helped her. 如果我那时在那儿，我就帮助她了。 If I hadnt taken your advice，I would have made a big mistake. 我要不是听了你的劝告，就会犯大错误。 这样考过 (福建质检)I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain. What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I _ it. Awouldnt have missed Bwouldnt miss Cdidnt miss Dhadnt missed 解析：由句中what a pity！(真遗憾)知本句考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。其构成为：if条件句(过去完成时)，主句(情态动词现在完成时)。综上，选A。 答案：A (厦门质检)Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings? I didnt want one，but he would have given me one if I _. Adid Bwould Cwill Dhad 解析：由句意：我是不想要，如果我要是要的话，他就会给我的。由句中的I didnt want one知与过去事实相反。从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done形式。 答案：D 3与将来事实相反 If it rained tomorrow，we should stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(最近天气好，下雨的可能性不大。) If he should come，I could have a talk with him. 如果他来，我就能跟他谈谈。 If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方法。 这样考过 (湖南长郡中学)If your study plans succeeded，you _ your marks in the following exam. Awill increase Bhave been increasing Chave increased Dwould be increasing 答案：D 4省略if的虚拟条件从句 如果条件状语从句的谓语动词有were，had或should，可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前面，以倒装形式表示虚拟条件。例如： Were I you，I would do the same. 如果我是你，我也会这样做。(If I were you) Had you come yesterday，you would have met him. 如果你昨天来，你就见到他了。(If you had come yesterday) Should there be a flood，what should we do？万一发生洪水，我们怎么办？(If there should be a flood) Were he to come，I might go with him. 他若是来，我就可能跟他去。(If he were to come) 这样考过 (2008安徽皖南八校联考)_ it _ to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week. AShould; / BIf; should CWere; / DIf; was going 解析：这是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，当省略if时，句子要倒装，恢复为正常语序是：If it were to rain tomorrow，. 答案：C (2006湖北)_fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMight you be 解析：根据句意，条件分句是对将来情况的一种不真实的假设，应用：使用半倒装语序但if省去。即should/were/had主语部分谓语句式。综上所述，故B为正确的选项。句意：如果你被解雇的话，你的医保和其他津贴将不会马上被终止。 答案：B (2008重庆一中)_ I had time，I would have checked my answers again. AIf BUnless CHad DWhen 解析：本题考查虚拟语气条件状语从句省略if时的倒装现象。 答案：C (2008江苏兴化)What would have happened，_，as far as the river bank? ABob had walked farther Bif Bob should walked farther Chad Bob walked farther Dif Bob walked farther 解析：在虚拟语气中，有时如果把条件状语从句中的if省略，可以把助动词had，were或者是should提到句子的前面，形成部分倒装形式。根据前面的谓语形式可知，此题表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，在条件句中要用had done形式，或者是if省略，把had放在句子的前面，所以只能选择C项。 答案：C 5错综时间条件句 当条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致的时候(如一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在)，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如： If he had listened to me，he would not be in trouble now.如果他当时听了我的话，现在就不会遇到麻烦了。 If the weather had been more favorable，the crops would be growing still better. 如果过去天气好一些，现在庄稼还会长得更好。 If he had told me yesterday，I should know what to do now.假如他昨天告诉我了，我现在就会知道该怎么办了。 这样考过 (2007江西九所)If it_too much trouble，Id love a cup of tea and some cookies. Awasnt Bhasnt Cisnt Dwerent 解析：此处if引导的是一个真实条件句。 答案：C (南昌调研)If you _ that film late last night，you wouldnt be so sleepy. Adidnt see Bhavent seen Cwouldnt have seen Dhadnt seen 解析：语境为：如果你昨晚没有熬夜看电影，那么(现在)你就不会感到瞌睡了。题干中的时间状语last night暗示从句陈述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因此从句应用过去完成时。 答案：D (长沙调研)It would be impossible for him to leave hospital tomorrow if he_first aid when the accident happened. Ahadnt been given Bwasnt be given Cshouldnt be given Dwouldnt be given 解析：由句意“如果事故发生时他没有予以急救”可知这里是对过去发生的事作相反的假设，故应用过去完成式表示，即选A为正确答案。 答案：A 6含蓄条件句 英语中有些介词短语如without.(没有)，but for.(要不是)，in that case 等，可以表示虚拟条件，连词but(但是)，副词otherwise(否则)，并列连词or(否则)也可以表示虚拟条件；表示现在或将来的情况，谓语动词用“would(或其他情态动词)动词原形”；表示过去的情况，谓语动词用“would(或其他情况动词)have过去分词”。例如： But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier. 要不是下暴雨，我们早到了。 Without my teachers help，I would have failed. 没有我老师的帮助，我当时就会失败的。 I was busy，otherwise I would have gone with you. 我当时很忙，不然就跟你一起去了。 I would have written to you before，but I was ill. 早该给你写信的，但我生病了。 这样考过 (湖南师大附中)How can I thank you? Dont mention it.Any other man in that case _ the same thing. Awould have done Bcould do Cmust do Dshould have done 解析：据句意：任何人都会这样做。故选A。D“本该这样做而未做”。 答案：A (福建)But for the help of my English teacher，I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won 解析：句意：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B项。 答案：B (东北三校模拟) Why are you so late? I got stuck in the traffic jam，or I _ earlier. Aarrived Bhave arrived Cwould arrive Dwould have arrived 解析：由句意“or I _earlier.”知未曾实现的愿望，故选D。 答案：D (南京调研)I cant thank you _ much because without your help I _ have won the first prize. Atoo; wouldnt Bvery; shouldnt Cthat; might notDso; couldnt 解析：由句意：我真不知该怎样感谢你，因为若不是你帮助我，我是得不了一等奖的。cant.too.意为“也不过分”。故选A。 答案：A (吉安期末)I paid no interest at school and I was always chasing birds and butterflies by the river！Otherwise，I _ in a more comfortable office now. Awould sit Bwould have sat Cwould be sitting Dwas sitting 解析：由句中的时间状语now，知是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故选C。 答案：C 二、虚拟语气用于其他从句 虚拟语气除了用于条件句中表示假设情况以外，它还可以用于其他从句中，表示要求、命令、愿望、劝告、惊奇、怀疑等意义。 1suggest 等从句 (1)在suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，recommend(建议，劝告)，propose(建议)，demand(要求)，request(请求)，require(要求)，order(命令)，command(命令)，insist(坚持)，desire(欲望)等动词后的宾语从句中要求用“should动词原形”或只用动词原形。例如： He suggested that we(should)save some money for the future.他建议我们为将来攒点儿钱。 I propose that we(should)set a deadline for handing in the plans.我建议我们订出一个交计划的期限。 The policeman ordered that the old man(should)be sent to the hospital.警察命令把那个老人送往医院。 I insist we(should)leave tomorrow. 我坚持我们明天动身。 这样考过 (浙江)The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 解析：句意：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。recommend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)do”，故选D。 答案：D (2008宁夏中卫模拟)Johns pale face suggested that he _ ill，and his parents suggested that he _ a medical examination. Abe; should have Bwas; have Cshould be; had Dwas; has 解析：suggest“暗示；建议”，当用作“暗示”之意时，从句中用陈述语气；用作“建议”之意时，从句中用虚拟语气，即：suggest that sb.(should)do sth.。这句话的意思是：约翰苍白的脸暗示他病了，他父母建议他进行一次体检。 答案：B (2008山东滨州质检)Regulations require _ needs special diets _ the cooking manager in advance. Awho; informs Bwhom; informed Cwhomever; inform Dwhoever; inform 解析：require，order，suggest，advise等表示“命令；建议；要求”的动词，其后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用“(should)动词原形”的形式，故排除A、B两项。require的宾语是一个复合句，主语是由whoever引导的从句充当的，whoever在这个主语从句中作主语，所以C项错误。这句话的意思是：规章要求任何需要专门饮食的人提前通知烹饪部经理。 答案：D (2008全国大联考)My daughter insists _ in this school. Athat she would not study Bstudying not Cthat she not study Dnot to study 解析：在表示“建议、要求、命令”等词的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)动词原形”。常见的动词有：suggest(建议)，advise，propose，command，request，insist(坚决要求)，recommend等。本题也可用on not studying。 答案：C (2)“It is过去分词that引导的主语从句”中that从句的谓语动词可用“should动词原形”或只用动词原形，这里的过去分词就是表示建议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如：suggested，desired，requested，ordered，proposed，advised，demanded等。例如： It is ordered that he(should)be sent there at once. 有命令马上派他到那里去。 It is suggested that the meeting(should)be held next week.有人建议下周开会。 It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。 这样考过 (镇江调研)It is required that more attention _ the working conditions of the workers in our country. Ashould be paid to keep Bbe paid to having kept Cshould be paid to have improved Dbe paid to improving 解析：It is required that sb.(should)do sth.或sth.(should)be done为固定结构，意为“要求某人做某事或某事应该被做”。pay attention to(doing)sth.“注意(做)某事”为固定搭配，to为介词。综上选D。 答案：D (2008江苏黄桥综合)It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight. Anot Bneed not Ccould not Dwould not 解析：recommend作“推荐”之意时用陈述语气；作“建议”之意时，其后的宾语从句或It is recommended that.句式中要用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”。这句话的意思是：建议乘客在飞机飞行期间不要吸烟。 答案：A (3)当上述表示建议、要求、命令等的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句和同位语从句也用虚拟语气，用“should动词原形”或只用动词原形。如suggestion，advice，proposal，request，demand，requirement，order，idea等。例如： He made a suggestion that the meeting(should)be held next week.他建议下周开会。 The orders were that we(should)stay where we were. 命令是我们仍留在原处。 这样考过 (2007重庆检测)Some of the members made a suggestion that a meeting_to solve all the problems we had in the experiment. Ashould hold Bmust be held Cbe held Dshould have been held 解析：句意为：有一些成员提出建议，应举行一个会议来解决我们在实验中遇到的所有问题。考查了名词suggestion的同位语从句，在动词suggest(建议)名词suggestion的同位语从句、表语从句中都用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”，会议与举行是被动关系，所以选择C项。 答案：C (4)在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑、不满、理应如此等时，也用虚拟语气“should动词原形(或完成形式)”，用于以下两种结构。 Its necessary/important/surprising/natural/ strange/ incredible(难以置信的).that.(用于这种句型的形容词不是很多，同学们掌握这几个就够了。) Its a pity/a shame/no wonder that.例如： It is important that we should learn from others. 我们应该向别人学习，这是很重要的。 Its strange that he should have missed the train. 他竟然没赶上火车，真是怪事。 Its a pity that he should not go with us. 真遗憾，他竟然不同我们一起去。 可能这样考 Its necessary that some measures_to stop pollution. Abe taken Bare taken Cshould take Dmust be taken 解析：常见句型为：Its necessary(important，strange，etc.).that.在that从句中的谓语动词形式为“(should)动词原形”。 答案：A 2wish 后的宾语从句 wish后的宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“could/would/might动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had过去分词”或“could/would/mighthave过去分词”。例如： I wish I were/was as strong as you. 我希望像你一样健壮。(与现在事实相反) I wish he could go with us tomorrow. 但愿明天他能同我们一起去。(与将来事实相反) I wish I had never met him. 我希望我从未遇见他。(与过去事实相反) 这样考过 (潍坊模拟)How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! Ashut Bhave shut Chad shut Dwould shut 解析：在wish引导的从句中，对过去的假设用过去完成时。 答案：C (2008江苏四市联考)Did you attend Toms birthday party at the Grand Hotel? I wish I _.But I _ an English lecture in the school hall. Ahave; gave Bdid; have given Cdo; had given Dhad; was giving 解析：wish宾语从句要用虚拟语气。表示现在不能实现的愿望：wishthat主语were/did；表示过去没有实现的愿望；wishthat主语had done。这句话的意思是：“你参加了汤姆在大酒店举行的生日聚会了吗？”“我多希望我去了。但我当时在学校礼堂里作英语报告。”从答语中第二句对事实的描述所用的时态判断，表示的是与过去事实相反的假设。因此答案为D项。 答案：D 3would rather 后的宾语从句 虚拟语气用在would rather，had rather，would as soon，would sooner之后的宾语从句中，表示“希望，宁愿”，表示现在或将来的情况，谓语动词用过去时；表示过去的情况，谓语动词用过去完成时。例如： Id rather you didnt do it.我宁愿你不去做这件事。 Id rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。 I had rather you hadnt told her the news. 你要是没把那个消息告诉她就好了。 这样考过 (青岛检测)My uncle suggests I _ abroad. I would rather you _ at home. Ago; stay Bwent; stayed Cgo; stayed Dwent; stay 解析：考查虚拟语气。第一句中suggest表示“建议”，后接从句时用虚拟语气(should)do，所以选择go；第二句中考查句式“would rather that sb.did sth.”表示虚拟语气的用法，所以选择stayed。 答案：C (2008哈尔滨九中)Who would you rather _ outing for the picnic on Saturday afternoon with you？Have you decided yet? If Jane is free，Id like to go with her. Awent Bgo Cto go Dhave gone 解析：would rather后接句子，是虚拟语气的一种表达，该句谓语动词用一般过去式。 答案：A 4It is(high)time(that).之后的宾语从句 虚拟语气用在it is(high或about)time(that)的句型中，宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去时，有时也可以用“should动词原形(should不能省略)”，意为“(早)该”。例如： Its time you went to bed.你该睡觉了。 Its high time that we went/should go home. 该是我们回家的时候了。 这样考过 (景德镇模拟)What courses are you going to take next semester if you want to receive enough credits to get your degree? I dont know.But its about time _ on something. AId decide BI decided CI decide DIm deciding 解析：由句型It is about time I did sth.或I should do sth.(我该干某事了)知选B。 答案：B (2008宁夏中卫模拟)Its already 6 oclock now.Dont you think its time _？ Awe are going home Bwe go home Cwe went home Dwe can go home 解析：Its time sb.did sth.这是两个固定的虚拟语气句型。这句话的意思是：现在已经六点了。难道你不认为到了我们回家的时间了吗？ 答案：C 5as if/though，even if/though引导的状语从句 as if/though(似乎、好像、仿佛)，even if(though)(即使，就算)引导的表语从句或方式状语从句要用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)，表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”，表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might 动词原形”。例如： She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter. 她对待凯特就像对待亲生女儿一般。(与现在事实相反) They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友似的。(与过去事实相反) Even if/Even though he were here，he wouldnt be able to help you.即使他在这里，也不能帮助你。(与现在事实相反) Nothing could have saved your father even if/even though the doctor had arrived in time.即使医生及时到来，也未必救得了你父亲。(与过去事实相反) as if/though引导的从句与事实相反，用虚拟语气，但有时与事实相近、相符，此时不用虚拟语气。例如： It looks as if it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了。(真的要下雨) 这样考过 (2008山东威海质检)You understand not only what the rule says but what it means，as if you yourself _ it. Amake Bmade Chave made Dhad made 解析：as if/as though引导的状语从句有时用虚拟语气，表明与事实相反的情况。as if从句的谓语动词用were/did，表示与现在事实相反；用had done，表示与过去事实相反。这句话的意思是：你不但理解规则所说的内容，而且理解它的含义，好像是你亲自制定的。由句意可知，规则已经制定出来，所以是表示与过去事实相反的假设。故答案为D项。 答案：D 6用于 if only 开头的句子中 在if only引起的表示愿望的感叹句中要用虚拟语气(和 wish 后宾语从句谓语动词的形式一样)，意为“但愿”“要是就好了”。例如： If only I were ten years younger. 我要是年轻10岁就好了。 If only I had listened to her advice. 我要是听了她的建议多好。 Oh，if only he would come！要是他能来就好了！ If only that photograph werent missing. 那张相片要是没丢该多好啊！ 这样考过 (东北三校联考)Why do you look so upset? I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I _ more about her. Acare Bcared Chad cared Dhad been cared 解析：考查虚拟语气。If only表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。因此，C项正确。 答案：C 单项填空 1Were you in time for the lecture? If I_told earlier，I would have. Ahad been Bwas Cwere to be Dshould be 答案与解析：A本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，根据此题的逻辑关系，应该用过去完成时的被动语态。 2If I_plan to do anything I wanted to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. Awould Bcould Chad to Dought to 答案与解析：B根据句意和时态可知，此句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，因此此处应用can的过去式could。can在此处的意义为“可能，能够”。 3But for your help，we_such a good chance. Acouldnt have got Bcouldnt get Ccant get Dcant have 答案与解析：A此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，But for your help相当于“If we hadnt got your help”，因此后面的主句要用情态动词have done。 4He insisted that his suggestion_right and we _the plan into practice as soon as possible. Awas; put Bwas; must put Cshould be; should put Dshould be; put 答案与解析：A前面“坚持说”自己的建议是对的，故不用虚拟语气，后面表示他“要求”我们把计划付诸实践，故需用虚拟语气，should可省略。 5His suggestion is that the harvest_in before the rainy season comes.Abe got Bget Cshould get Dgot 答案与解析：Asuggestion作主语，后面that引导表语从句，故应用shoulddo。但表语从句的主语harvest是动作的承受者，因此应用被动语态，此处省略了should。 6Its useless envying others their success.Its time you _hard.Amust work Bwere to work Cwork Dworked 答案与解析：D此处表示对将来的建议，故要用动词的过去式或shoulddo。 7Dont you think it necessary that he_to Miami but to New York? I agree，but the problem is_he has refused to. Awill not be sent; that Bnot be sent; that Cshould not be sent; what Dshould not send; what 答案与解析：B问句是its necessary that.句式，故should可省略，根据逻辑关系，此处应用被动语态；答句考查表语从句的引导词，引导词本身无意义，也不作成分，故只能用that。 8How nice it_if I_a sister like you! Awas; had Bwould be; had had Cwould have been; had Dwould be; had 答案与解析：D根据语境判断，“我”希望有一个像对方一样的妹妹，但事实上没有。因此本题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用woulddo，从句用动词的过去式。 9Jim would rather we _ now，but we must go to work. Anot leave Bhad not left Cdidnt leave Dnot to be left 答案与解析：C本题考查would rather中虚拟语气的使用。其后从句中谓语动词要用过去式。 10I have succeeded in solving this problem. _my advice，you _ a great deal of difficulty with it. AIf you hadnt taken; would have had BIf you didnt take; would have CHadnt you taken; would have DIf you didnt take; will have had 答案与解析：A考查虚拟语气的用法。从题干中的第一句话(have succeeded.)可以判断，下文是对过去发生事情的虚拟，所以从句应用过去完成时，即用“if主语had过去分词”结构，也可以把had提前，省略if。主句虚拟过去的情况，用would have done。 11Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she_something she would regret later. Ahad said Bsaid Cmight say Dmight have said 答案与解析：D依据前句句意，可知讲述的是对过去事实相反的内容。otherwise暗含了一种条件，等于if Jane hadnt walked away from the discussion。 12Without the air to hold some of the suns heat，the earth at night _，too cold for us to live. Awould be freezing cold Bwill be freezing coldly Cwould be frozen cold Dcan freeze coldly 答案与解析：Awithout表示的是与现在情况相反的假设，等于If there were not the air.。freezing cold为固定用法，表示“极冷”。 13Suddenly came an order that the enemys defence works _. Abe destroyed Bshould destroy Cwould be destroyed Dwould destroy 答案与解析：A在order的同位语从句中也需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”或直接用动词原形。同时此句中又表示被动含义。 14If only we_the summer vacation together last year! Awould spend Bwould have spent Chave spent Dhad spent 答案与解析：Dif onlyI wish(但愿)，表达说话人的强烈愿望。谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是就好了”。 15I didnt know your mobile phone number；otherwise I _ you the second I got to Changsha. Ahad rung Bwould ring Cshould have rung Dwould have rung 答案与解析：D本题考查虚拟语气在条件句中的运用。otherwise相当于说：“If I had known your mobile phone number，I.”，当对过去情况进行虚拟时，主句要用would have done结构。 16Were they still in Shanghai，Mr White_them. Amight see Bmight have seen Cmay have seen Dwould have seen 答案与解析：Awere they still in Shanghaiif they were still in Shanghai，由此可知，是对现在情况的假设。 17Would you come and join them? I wish I_.But I am busy at this moment. Acant Bcouldnt Ccould Dcan 答案与解析：C答案could后省略了join them。 18Its a pity that he _ so careless. Awas Bwill be Cshould be Dcan be 答案与解析：CIt is a pity/a shame/no wonder/.that从句，表示惊讶、喜悦、惋惜、遗憾等语气，主语从句中的谓语动词用(should)动词原形的形式。 19Sally _ to come swimming with us. What a shame she had to take a test! Awould love Bwould have loved Cshould love Dshould have loved 答案与解析：Bwould love“愿意”；would have loved“本愿意”；should love“愿意”；should have loved“本应该愿意而事实上并不愿意”。由“What a shame she had to take a test”中的时态可知，Sally当时要参加考试。所以是本来愿意去游泳而事实上并未能去，与过去事实相反。句意：Sally本来愿意跟我们来游泳的。太遗憾了，她当时不得不参加考试。 20We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. Abe put off Bwas put off Cshould put off Dis to put off 答案与解析：A在advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirment，recommendation等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用should动词原形”。