高考英语专题复习 专题十三 阅读补全课件

专题十三阅读补全高考高考英语(课标专用)Passage 1(2017课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 1 Heres how to make one.2 In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night be-fore by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 3 Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on 五年高考A组 统一命题课标卷题组Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepi-ness the following week, a recent study found. 4 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. Af-ter youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 5 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the right motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And consider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。很多人认为早上不能按时起床是设定的闹铃的问题。实际上,按时起床关键在于重新设定自己的生物钟。文章介绍了如何制订一个更好的睡眠计划。1.C过渡句。上句提到了“事实上,重设生物钟是早上轻松醒来的关键”,本句对此作出回应,且应该指出下句中“make one”中one所指代的内容,C项符合语境需要,意为“更好的睡眠计划可以对此有所帮助”。2.B主旨句。根据本段内容可知,本段主要介绍了对睡眠计划作出调整的一些动机,如早起和家人一起吃早饭、锻炼身体、为新的一天做更好的准备等,故B项符合本段主旨,意为“找到合适的动机”。3.G细节句。下句提到“如果你买一台可以定时的咖啡机的话,就可以多睡15分钟”,coffee以及a quarter-hour为关键词。G项符合语境,意为“重新考虑你在咖啡店排队买咖啡要花费的15分钟时间”,与下句相呼应。4.F细节句。根据本段内容可知,即便在周末也要坚持自己的计划,一旦周末违反计划,会影响接下来的一周。本句是对上文的总结,F项符合语境,意为“无论哪一天都要坚持已设定的睡眠和醒来时间”。5.E过渡句。上文指出一周后要对自己的记录作出评估,本句应该是某种评估结果,再结合下句可知E项符合上下文语境,意为“如果你采取的措施奏效,就要坚持下去”。长难句长难句Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activi-ties. 既然你知道自己要醒来的原因,那么考虑重新安排一下你早上的活动吧。now that意为“既然”,引导原因状语从句,主句为祈使句。在原因状语从句中why引导宾语从句。高级语块高级语块1.put the blame on.把责任归咎于2.keep track of了解的动态pen-sate v.补偿Passage 2(2017课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 2 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 3 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.4 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrig-erator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.5 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.答案答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。三年前,如果有人说我会将大部分周末用来野营,我会开怀大笑。但也就是从那时起,我开始野营并深深迷恋上它。相信有一天,你也会回到大自然中去。1.D过渡句。上文指出,三年前,我不相信自己会用大部分周末去野营,参加野营的人会经历种种困难,我和他们不是一类人。下文讲到了自己迷恋上野营的过程,故此处有引起下文的作用。D项符合语境,与前面的内容有转折关系。句意:但是,从那时起我注定会学到很多关于野营的东西。 2.C过渡句。空后主要介绍了首次野营中遇到的困难与艰苦,故C项符合本段内容。rough(令人不快的;艰难的)是关键词。3.A细节句。由空后的内容及前面的another可知,A项可将前后句有效衔接起来。4.F过渡句。本句位于段首,起到了承上启下的作用。上段提到了第二次较为舒适的野营,下文指出自此之后进行了多次野营,且装备更加完善。F项意为“这次行程之后,我们一家人对野营产生了浓厚的兴趣”,下文中的we指代my family,该句有效地连接了上下文。5.E总结句。本句位于最后一段,起到了总结全文的作用,且与文章开头提到的三年前不喜欢野营相呼应。E项符合语境,意为“我不得不说我绝对已经喜欢上了野营”。长难句长难句If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.三年前如果有人说我会用大部分周末来野营,我会开怀大笑。本句为复合句,且采用了虚拟语气。因为是对过去的虚拟,故本句中条件状语从句为过去完成时态,主句采用了“would have done”结构。that引导宾语从句。高级语块高级语块1.heartily adv.开怀地2.pop-up adj.有弹出功能的3.camper n.野营车4.trailer n.拖车;(拖车式)活动房屋Passage 3(2017课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.1 , there are several ways to handle things. Lets take a look at them now.2 . Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then.3 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone, dont do it in your own office.4 , its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explain-ing how busy you are.If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.5 . If someone knocks and its not an im-portant matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.A.If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB.When you want to avoid interruptions at workC.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD.If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE.Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not答案答案语篇解读工作时最糟糕的事情之一就是受到干扰。本文介绍了在工作中避免被干扰的几种方法。1.B细节句。空格处为从句,空格后的句子为主句,只有B项和D项符合要求。主句指出“有几种可以解决问题的方法”,B项意为“当你想在工作中避免受到干扰时”,符合语境要求。D项意为“如果你在别人的办公室或者公共场所”,与主句所述内容不一致。2.A主旨句。下文表达的是“向他人道歉,并向他解释你有很多事情要做,然后问一问你们两个人能否在别的时间再谈”,由此可知A项“如果你很忙,不要因为拒绝别人而感到愧疚”符合语境。3.E过渡句。上文指出,别人想干扰你时,要设定好时间,让别人知道什么时候再来找你或你什么时候去找他们。下文指出,这样有助于消除后续的干扰。结合上下文可知,E项“让他们知道你什么时候有空很重要”符合语境。4.D细节句。上文指出,你需要和他人谈谈时,不要在自己的办公室做这件事。下文对此进行解释说明:“在别人办公室或者公共场所,更容易找借口回去工作”。D项符合语境。5.G过渡句。door为关键词。上文指出,如果办公室有一扇门的话,要充分利用。G项意为“有空交谈时就开着门,反之则关上门”,下文对此做法进行了解释说明。故G项符合语境。长难句长难句If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.如果有人敲门并且不是重要的事情,那你就可以为自己找个理由,让这个人知道你很忙,这样他们就可以得到这样的暗示:门关着时,你不想受到干扰。该句为复合句,if引导条件状语从句,so(that)引导目的状语从句。hint后为that引导的同位语从句,从句中还含有when引导的时间状语从句。高级语块高级语块1.interruption n.打扰;插嘴2.excuse v.为找理由Passage 4(2016课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone knows that fish is good for health.1 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 2 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.3 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 4 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish. 5 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.)Then, its ready to serve.A.Do not buy it.B.The easiest is to steam it.C.This is how you can do it.D.It just requires a little knowledge.E.The fish will go bad within hours.F.When buying fish, you should first smell it.G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文,介绍了买鱼和烹饪鱼的小窍门。1.G细节句。上句提到吃鱼对人的健康有益,本句是对上句的解释说明,G项符合语境,意为“人们认为鱼的脂肪有助于预防心脏病。”2.D细节句。上句指出:购买、储存和烹饪鱼并不是难事。本句承接上句,D项符合语境,意为“它只需要一点儿知识”。3.F 主旨句。下文指出了新鲜的鱼和不新鲜的鱼都有什么气味,由此可判断F项为主题句,意为“买鱼时应该先闻闻味道”。4.A细节句。上句指出有腥味或者味儿很大的鱼不新鲜,本句承接上句,指出不要购买这样的鱼,故A项正确。5.B过渡句。上文指出做鱼的方法有很多种,根据下文出现的steam可知此处讲述了清蒸的方法,故B项正确,意为“最简单的方法就是清蒸”。长难句长难句When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigera-tor if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.你买完鱼到家后,如果不立即烹饪的话,最好把它储存在冰箱里,但是鲜鱼应该在冰箱中只存放一两天。本句为复合句,when引导时间状语从句,if引导条件状语从句。高级语块高级语块1.be good for 对有好处2.twice as much .as.是的两倍3.had better do sth. 最好做某事Passage 5(2016课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts?1 .But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.2 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).3 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important.4 how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.5 .Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A.Know why you gardenB.Find a good place for your own gardenC.Its our experience of the garden that mattersD.Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG.For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have答案答案 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何种植和经营好自己的花园和菜园。1.F过渡句。上句提到了氛围,F项中that kind of magical quality指代上句中的内容,故选F项。2.A主旨句。本段列举了一些人的观点之后,提到other reasons that might explain why you want to garden,由此可以推断出本段的主旨就是:你要知道自己为什么要种植花木。3.E细节句。根据本段中的Some people may think that.Others are concerned about.可推断出此处应该是:Still others may.。4.C 过渡句。上句提到:但是那并不重要。本句应为:重要的是我们自己种植花木的经历。matters=is important,故选C项。5.G过渡句。上句提到:通过花费时间回想你青年时期的园子开始吧。本句应为:为记忆中的每一个园子,写下你最深刻的记忆。引出下文:然后走出去,制订一个计划把你小时候的记忆转化为你成年后的园子。长难句长难句It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.它开始于深刻剖析自己,明白就自然界而言你是个什么样的人以及你是如何处理种植花木的过程的。第一个with后两个并列的动名词作宾语。在understanding后有who和how引导的两个宾语从句。Passage 6(2016课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes(密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.1 Code breaking never lags(落后)far be-hind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography.2 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”3 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me”would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.4 For example, “bridge”might stand for “meet”and“out”might stand for “me”.The message“Bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me.”5 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.答案答案 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。介绍了密码的用途、历史以及三种密码方式。1.D过渡句。上句提到:人们使用密码已经几千年了。下句提到:密码的破解从未太落后于密码的设定。由此可知D项符合语境,意为“只要有密码,人们就会尽力去破解它们。”2.E过渡句。上句提到:有三种主要的密码设定方式。下句提到:例如,“My elephant eats too many eels”的首字母就拼出了“Meet me”这一隐藏起来的信息。由此可知本句应该为一种密码的设定方式,根据下句举到的例子,可知E项正确,意为“你可以用每个单词的首字母拼写出一条信息,以此来隐藏它。”3.G主旨句。上段指出有三种主要的密码设定方式,上段已经提到了一种,本段应该指出另外一种。下文举例说明了用数字来代替字母的密码方式,由此可知G项能起到统领本段的作用,意为“另外一种隐藏信息的方式就是用符号来代替字母表中特定的字母。”4.F细节句。上句指出:要解读某个真实密码的信息,你必须要有密码本。本句是对上句的解释说明,结合下文举到的例子,可推断出本句主要解释如何利用密码本来破解隐藏起来的信息。F项符合语境,意为“拥有了密码本,你也许就能写出代表其他单词的单词。”5.A细节句。上文指出了利用密码本来破解密码的方式。A项是总结上文内容得出的结论,意为“没有密码本就很难破解密码”,而且根据下句“.it is also hard to.”的句型结构也可得知A项符合语境。长难句长难句Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.银行、公司和政府机构在办公时都使用密码,尤其是当信息是由电脑发出的时候。本句为主从复合句。本句中use.in.为常用结构,意为“在某方面使用”,when引导时间状语从句。Passage 7(2015课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.1 ,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.2 .As always,you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week,do not think about distance,but run five minutes longer each day.3 ,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.4 .After two weeks,start timing yourself.5 .Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A.After six daysB.For a good marathon runnerC.Before you begin your trainingD.With each day,increase the distance by a half mileE.If they still feel good,you can begin running in themF.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingG.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time答案答案语篇解读本文介绍了马拉松训练需要认真的准备和稳定、渐进的过程。1.C根据第二段中的During the first week可知这里是指训练前的准备工作,故选C。2.E设空处与其前一句是顺承关系,故选E。3.A根据上文During the first week 和下文 take a day off to rest 可知,一周七天里训练六天后休息一天是明智的,故选A。4.D根据本段第一句中的During the first week,do not think about distance 和第二个But可知,这里要考虑距离的问题了,故选D。5.G设空处对上文进行总结,根据下文的timetable和设空处前两句话可知,这里是增加距离和设定时间的目标。故选G。Passage 8(2015课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.1 Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrong-doer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately,weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. 2 Its understandable,but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again,we have some steps you can take to get you there.3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.4 If youve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose“everything”.Once trust is lost,what is left?Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.5 Instead,its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A.Learn to really trust yourself.B.It is putting confidence in someone.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.E.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G.Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.答案答案语篇解读人和人之间需要相互信任,赢得别人的信任并不是一件容易的事。我们也曾在某个特定的关系群中失去了对别人的信任,成了背叛的受害者。如何重新在这个关系群中建立起那份信任呢?本文给出了几条建议。1.B第一段阐述了什么是“信任”。空格前说Trust is a learned behavior.,空格后说Trust is a risk.由此推断出选B项。2.E空格前列举了遭遇背叛的几种情况:被偷、被撒谎、被误导、被欺骗,这些事情的发生使人们受到了深深的伤害,他们不能容忍它再次发生。故选E项。3.A根据后面句子中的Having confidence in yourself可知此处作者建议:学会真正信任你自己。故选A项。4.C根据后面句子中的you are the victim和being a victim以及a “victim mentality”可知此处作者的建议是:不要再把自己当成一个受害者。故选C项。5.G空格前作者建议:不要从绝望的角度看局面,而要感激你生活中所有的好的方面。空格后作者说:这是一种健康的方式。由此推断出此处答案为G项:看到事情积极的方面并不意味着你在忽视已经发生的事情。Passage 9(2014课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience,there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often:ability,money,and time.1 Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cook-ing on a tight schedule:1.Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook?Do you have the right materials already?2 2.Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal,make the most of it and save your-self time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread?3 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3.4 This may surprise you,but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is exper-imentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try,the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.5 And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead.D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材是介绍说明类。紧张的生活节奏并不妨碍你为自己或家人做上一顿可口的饭菜,看看作者为我们提供的建议吧。1.B上文提到三个不常做饭的理由:能力、钱和时间。下文提到钱是下一个话题,这里主要谈论如何利用花费在烹饪上的时间,故答案选B(能力是容易改进的)。2.G该段建议提前做出烹饪计划,故答案选G(提前一点制订计划会省去很多后面的工作)。3.C根据下文“花费几乎相同的时间来制作更多食物”可推断出,这里指把制作一条面包改为制作三到四条面包。4.A根据下文It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes.可推断出,本空应选A(尝试新事物)。5.F根据下文“不要让繁忙的日程妨碍你在饮食和生活方式上做出美好的改变”可推断出,答案选F(让烹饪和生活仅仅是快乐而非负担)。Passage 10(2014课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.1 By helping them develop classic skil