2017高考英语二轮复习 专题限时集训3 概要写作训练1

专题限时集训(三)概要写作训练1A(2016浙江省名校联考)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。In many societies，there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin.Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty，intelligence and success.These beliefs can lead to social pressure even within the same racial or ethnic group，if some members are darker skinned than others.The result is that skin lightening has become a common activity across Africa，Asia and other areas of the world.More and more people with dark skin are using skinlightening products，even if they may face health risks.They believe that having whiter skin will improve their lives.Many people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family.Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.Some beauty care products and soaps contain chemicals that make skin lighter.This process is also called bleaching(漂白)But some of the chemicals are extremely dangerous.One of the chemicals has been linked to kidney(肾) damage and some kinds of cancer.It also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers use it during pregnancy.At first，bleaching products make the skin color lighter.But after longterm use they can cause problems.They can even make some skin darker.The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives color to skin.The skin loses its natural barrier to protect against sunlight.Then the skin can become thick and discolored.Usually the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem，but this only makes it worse.Doctor Ly，who works in a hospital，says the chemicals are now more dangerous because they are stronger.Some cases have resulted in blackened fingernails，infections and permanent skin damage.And these are not the only risks.Experts say some people who change their skin color suffer emotional damage.They feel regret and sadness.They feel that instead of risking their health，they should have learned to love and accept their skin color as it was. 【写作指导】本文属于说明文，全文使用一般现在时。首先，阅读材料，了解文章的基本内容。本篇阅读材料由六段组成，主要内容是：许多人认为皮肤白晳就是美美白化妆品流行分析这些美白化妆品的危害医生的建议。然后，确定概要内容。按照“提出问题分析问题解决问题”的模式概括文章大意。最后，根据行文需要添加过渡词，如therefore，however，whats worse，thus等，使文章过渡自然，条理清晰。【参考范文】Many people prefer light skin to dark skin，believing that it helps improve their life and caters to the social standard of beauty.(要点1)Therefore，it is common to try skinlightening products.(要点2)However，bleaching containing chemicals has longlasting harmful effects on physical condition and emotions.Whats worse，it may fail to achieve expected results.(要点3)Thus，doctors recommend people not to put their health at risk but love and accept their natural colors.(要点4)【导学号：85602027】B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Every year，especially during the spring and early summer，the lives of many young animals are disrupted.People may attempt to “save” these animals，and more often than not，the mother is nearby.Young rabbits found at a nest site do not need to be rescued.The mother rabbit will not return as long as a person is standing near the nest site.If youve kicked open a nest，just replace the top of the nest，and leave.The mother will return and care for the young.Cottontail rabbits leave their young for hours while eating，but they do return to nurse the young，until the young are old enough to survive on their own.Young rabbits are ready to leave the nest at three to four weeks of age when their eyes are open and their bodies are furry.Young birds are sometimes found on the ground near a nest.When this happens，the best thing to do is to put the bird carefully back into the nest.Dont worry about getting your scent on the bird；it will not affect the mothers care.If you cant reach the nest，leave the bird on the ground.Every bird alive today has spent a few precarious days on the ground while learning to fly.The best thing you can do during this time of year to protect young wildlife is to keep cats indoors.When young raccoons are found out alone，it is likely they are merely exploring and their mother is nearby.They are probably old enough to be fully capable of climbing back up a tree to their den.If they were too young to climb，the mother would carry them back.If you find a young fawn laying alone，leave it there.The mother comes back several times each day to nurse the fawn.If youve already picked the fawn up and brought it home，put it back.Even one or two days after removal from the wild，fawns have been successfully reunited with their mothers，by returning them to the place where they were found. 【写作指导】本文属于说明文。第一段主要是介绍了春季和初夏时节，许多动物幼崽受到惊扰时，我们应该如何处理。后面四段列举了四类小动物的现状和应对措施。【参考范文】The passage introduces that many young animals are disrupted during the spring and early summer.(要点1)So the author tells us how to prevent them from being bothered，(要点2)including replacing the top of the nest，and leaving when opening the nest；putting the bird back into the nest when seeing a bird on the ground；leaving it there when finding a fawn laying alone.(要点3)C阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Many people who drink alcohol also like to smoke cigarettes.Drinking and smoking seem to be closely linked.Some people might even say they go together handinhand.But this may be more than just a mixing of two fairly common activities.New research has looked more closely at the relationship between cigarettes and alcohol.And the relationship is equally dependent.Smoking and drinking seem to feed on each other.These are the exact words of Mahesh Thakkar.He is head of research in the Department of Neurology at the University of Missouris School of Medicine.Thakkar explains that when a person drinks alcohol they get sleepy.He says a drug in cigarettes fights that sleepy feeling.That drug，nicotine，can be addictive; smokers need more cigarettes because of their bodys growing dependence on the drug.So，if a person smokes，then he or she is much more likely to drink alcohol，and vice versa.Thakkar says，“They feed off one another.”Researchers have already known that people who use alcohol often smoke.In fact，earlier research shows that more than 85 percent of alcoholdependent American adults also depend on nicotine.Thakkars earlier research showed that nicotine combined with alcohol stimulates what he calls the “reward center” of the brain.However，the new study shows a dependent relationship between the substances.Thakkar says his team “found that nicotine weakens” the sleepcausing effects of alcohol.It does this by activating an area of the brain called the basal forebrain.According to the Psychology Definition website，that area is responsible for memory，learning and attention.For this new experiment，Thakkar and his team used equipment that measures brain activity in rats.They injected the rats with both nicotine and alcohol，and then studied brain activity in the animals as they slept.The researchers find that nicotine goes through the basal forebrain(基底前脑) and cancels out the sleepcausing effects of alcohol. 【写作指导】议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论三部分，因此写议论文的概要首先要找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusion sentences)，其中最主要的是找准主题句。概要模板：论点论据(结论)。通读全文可知，本文的论点为：前三段；第四段到第十段为论据，本文没有结论句。【参考范文】The relationship between smoking and drinking is equally dependent.And smoking and drinking seem to feed on each other.(主题句)When a person drinks alcohol they get sleepy so they need more cigarettes to fight that feeling.(论据1)If a person smokes，he or she is more likely to drink alcohol.(论据2)The new study shows a dependent relationship between them.(论据3)Nicotine goes through the basal forebrain and cancels out the sleepcausing effects of alcohol.(论据4)D阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Weve reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO)，more people now die from being overweight than from being underweight.Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.Worse，nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.Whats going on?We really dont have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s，Finland，for example，had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005，and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.No wonder it ranks as the worlds most bodyconscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They say：its just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Some also blame their parentstheir genes.But unfortunately，the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape，or rather slim.Its a similar story around the world，although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I saynot as I do. 【写作指导】所给短文是一篇议论文。文章以论证的方式说明了优质生活导致的肥胖问题给人们的健康带来的危害，呼吁人们积极行动远离肥胖，不要再找借口。写作时应注意把握文章要点：1.优质生活成了人们健康的杀手；2.始于2001年的公众健康运动让人们意识到肥胖的危害以及在减少肥胖方面所起的作用；3.人们采取消极行动去减肥；4.人们不要再找借口，应该积极采取行动远离肥胖。写作时应注意上下文连贯及词数要求。【参考范文】Nowadays，good life becomes the killer of our health.(要点1) Since 2001，people have gradually realized the dangers of overweight by publichealth campaigns.(要点2) But they took some negative measures to lose weight.(要点3) Although there are some excuses like lacking of exercise，good food or genes，people should act positively to lose weight.(要点4)【导学号：85602028】6