高考英语一轮复习 第3编语法突破 第11讲 特殊句式（倒装、省略和强调等）课件

第十一讲第十一讲 特殊句式特殊句式（倒装、省略和强调等）（倒装、省略和强调等）近几年来高考对省略、倒装、强调及其他一些特殊句式的考查较多，不但考查各种句式的基本结构，而且考查在具体语境中的用法，以及与定语从句、状语从句结合在一起的混合考查，有时还考查倒装句和强调句的变形。从试卷看，这类题目的结构复杂程度及句意理解难度都加大了，并且注重知识类题目的情景也是近几年高考命题的趋势。省略句主要考查状语从句中的省略。倒装主要考查only状语以及介词、副词、否定词放在句首等。强调考查的是强调句型以及和其它句型混合在一起的用法。一、倒装句用法一览表类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)以here，there，in，up，down，away等副词开头，主语是名词，谓语动词多为be，come，go等副词谓语主语There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.Out rushed a cat from under the table.以then，now，always，once，many a time，now and then，thus，such开头，谓语动词多为come，follow，begin，end，be，主语又是名词时副词谓语主语Now comes your turn.Often did I speak of him before.Always does she ask me for money.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词介词短语谓语主语Between the two windows hangs a large map of China.Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.分词或表语置于句首，为了保持句子平衡，以示强调，或上下文衔接可倒装Outside the doctors clinic were 20 patients.Present at the meeting were experts from Europe.Gone are the days when we were poor.Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.such作表语时suchbe主语Such is life.Such is my reward.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例部分倒装(助动词，系动词be，情态动词提到主语之前)“only状语”放于句首时/系动词/情态动词主语谓语其它部分Only then did I know the importance of learning.Only in this way can we solve the problem.Only after he finished the work did he leave.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例部分倒装(助动词，系动词be，情态动词提到主语之前)含有否定意义的副词或词组(never，nowhere，not，no，seldom，little，hardly，scarcely，barely，in no way，by no means，at no time，not until)位于句首时否定副词或词组助动词/系动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分Never before have I seen a moving film.Not until then did he realize his own fault.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例部分倒装(助动词，系动词be，情态动词提到主语之前)hardly/scarcely.when，no sooner.than，not only.but(also)等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变hardly/no sooner/not only助动词/系动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分when/than/but also分句Hardly/No sooner had he arrived when/than she started complaining.Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例部分倒装(助动词，系动词be，情态动词提到主语之前)so/such.that中的so/such部分位于句首时soadj./adv.系动词/助动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分that从句So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例部分倒装(助动词，系动词be，情态动词提到主语之前)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也”或“也不”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时so/neither/nor系动词/助动词/情态动词主语. .They love having lots of friends，so do those with disabilities.Lily cant ride，neither/nor can Lucy.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例部分倒装(助动词，系动词be，情态动词提到主语之前)though/as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”，通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前；若表语是名词，其前不用冠词Man as he was，he behaved like a woman.Fail though he did，he would never give up.Old as/though he is，he is still working hard.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例部分倒装(助动词，系动词be，情态动词提到主语之前)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should时，如将if省略，则要将had，were或should移到主语之前Had/Were/Should主语谓语其他部分主句Had I attended the meeting，I would have met Jim.特别提醒：1.there，here，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out等副词置于句首，但主语为人称代词时，不用倒装。2.only虽在句首，但不修饰状语时用正常语序。3.so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。4.though引导的让步状语从句也可不用倒装语序。5.当前面两件事或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，通常用“so it is with.”或“it is the same with.”Here you are.Then he left.Away they hurried.Only I can go there.It is hot.So it is.Though he is young，he knows a lot.Tom likes singing，but he doesnt like dancing.So it is with Mary.二、省略句用法一览表种类要点归纳典句示例宾语从句由which，when，where或how引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语，可全部或部分省略，只保留一个连接代词或连接副词He will come back，but he doesnt know when(he will come back)引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但要注意，及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答语，后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略Do you think it will rain？I hope not(that it will not rain)种类要点归纳典句示例定语从句在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that，which，whom充当宾语，而且前面无介词时可省略。关系代词在从句中作表语时也可省略The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.China is no longer a country(that)it used to be.状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词As(he was)a young man，he studied law and became a lawyer.He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.If(it is)so，you must go back and get it.虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中，如含有had，were，should等助动词，if可省略，句子要用倒装Were I(If I were)twenty now，I would join the army.种类要点归纳典句示例动词不定式不定式符号to的省略感官动词或使役动词(如feel，see，hear，notice，let，make，have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略toMy mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.在do nothing but，cant help but，why not，would rather.than.，prefer to do.rather than.等句式中Rather than ride on a crowded bus，he always prefers to ride a bicycle.不定式省略使用不定式符号to来代替不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.在某些形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted，willing，ready，eager，anxious等后面Will you join in the game？Id be glad to.如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have beenAre you a sailor？No，but I used to be.三、强调句用法一览表种类要点归纳典句示例强调句It is/was.that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时，可用that或who，其他情况下用thatIt was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.在强调句中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应紧跟其主语，即人称和数要一致It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady.It is only I who/that am willing to go to see the film.种类要点归纳典句示例强调句如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，强调句结构须用：It is.that/who.；如原句的谓语动词是过去时态，则其结构须用It was.that/who.It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.What is it that you want me to do？“not.until.”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until.that.”It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.强调句的特殊疑问句型为：疑问词is/wasitthat/who.？Where was it that you met Jack yesterday？特别提醒：强调句与其他从句的区别强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，即把“It is/was.that/who”去掉。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。种类要点归纳典句示例谓语动词的强调do/does/did动词原形Do come on Sunday.He did finish the task completely last week.1.强调句与定语从句的区别：定语从句中that是充当从句的成分的，而在强调结构中，that无任何意义。It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调结构，that无意义)汤姆是在公园里丢的那只手表。It was the street that he took a photo of.(定语从句，that充当从句中of的宾语)他就是给这条街照的相。2.强调句与主语从句的区别：it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，去掉it be和that句式不完整。若为强调句式，去掉之后句式完整。It is a fact that he is an honest man.(主语从句)他是一个诚实的人，这是事实。It is he that is an honest man.(强调句)诚实的人是他。3.强调句与状语从句的区别：尤其出现“it be时间”时，一定要区分是强调句还是时间状语从句。It was eight oclock when he came back.(时间状语从句)当他回来时已经8点了。It was at eight oclock that he came back.(强调句)就在8点钟他回来了。 四、祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等，谓语动词用动词原形。其主语是you，往往省略。常见的祈使句句型如下：1动词原形.如：Lay down your arms！放下武器！Be sure to get there before eight oclock.一定要在8点前赶到那儿。2Dont或Never动词原形.如：Never go out alone at night!不要在夜晚单独出去！3Do动词原形.(此句型表示强调)。如：Do tell her about it.务必将此事告诉她。4主语动词原形.如：Tom，you go and see whats happening.Tom，去看看发生什么事情了。You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor.你们女生，擦桌子。你们男生，打扫地板。5祈使句表示假设的情况(1)“祈使句and陈述句(一般将来时)”。它的两种特殊形式：名词词组and陈述句名词词组中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词。One step further and youll fall down.再多走一步，你就会掉下去。Just a little patience and well look into it soon.耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。祈使句破折号陈述句Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。 (2)“祈使句or/otherwise陈述句”。相当于“if.not主句”。Hurry up or well be late for the meeting.If we dont hurry up，well be late for the meeting.快点，不然我们开会就迟到了。