高考英语备考 语法专题(七)非谓语动词课件

2011高考英语备考课件：语法专题(七)非谓语动词语法专题(七)非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的句法功能 成分类别主语表语定语宾语补语状语同位语独立成分不定式VingVed 二、非谓语动词的形式(以make为例) 语态与意义 形式与用法类别语态意义和用法主动语态被动语态Ving一般式(not)making(not)being made常表示“主动”和“进行”完成式(not)having madehaving been made表示Ving的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语不定式一般式(not)to maketo be made不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或(几乎)同时发生进行式to be making谓语动词的动作发生时，不定式动词的动作正在进行。完成式to have madeto have been made不定式的动作先于谓语动作。 三、关于非谓语动词的几种被动形式的使用和区别被动形式意义与用法to beVed表示未做的被动动作或行为beingVed表示正在做或进行的被动动作或行为having beenVed表示先于某个动作的被动动作或行为(一般不用作后置定语)Ved表示被动的动作或行为，其动作可以先于主句动作，与主句动作同时进行或是主句动作之后的延续结果。 四、不定式、Ving形式和Ved作不同句子成分的用法区别 1.不定式、Ving和Ved作状语的区别 (1)不定式结构常用作目的状语，表示结果常见于下列搭配：soas to；suchas to；enough to；tooto；never to.，only to(通常是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果)。 这样考过 (全国)The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. Alooked atBto look at Cto looking at Dlook at 解析：句意：当这位著名的女演员走进入教室时，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。此处用to look at表目的。 答案：B (福建三地五校)She returned home from the office，only _ the door open and something missing. Ahas found Bto be found Cto find Dfound 解析：由句意：她从办公室回到家，结果发现门开着，也丢了东西。知only to find作结果状语，表出乎意料的结果。 答案：C (湖南十校联考)If the food tastes nice，well buy some；if _，_. Ano; no Bnot; not Cnot; no Dno; not 解析：第一空用not; if not表“如果不”，在此相当于if it doesnt taste nice；而第二空也用not，相当于we wont buy。 答案：B (北京朝阳区)Peters mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally，never _ again. Ato find Bto be found Cfinding Dbeing found 解析：彼得的手机偶然落在一辆出租车上了，再也没找到。此处用不定式做结果状语，手机做句子主语，因此与find是被动关系，故选B项。 答案：B (2)现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、让步和结果；过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和让步。现在分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。 这样考过 (上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，_ all four people on board. Akilled Bkilling Ckills Dto kill 解析：句意：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠毁，机上四人全部丧生。用kill的现在分词形式killingwhich killed作结果状语。 答案：B (福建)In April,2009，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，_ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. Amarking Bmarked Chaving marked Dbeing marked 解析：句意：2009年4月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，这也是中国人民解放军海军成立60年的标志。 答案：A (2008浙江)_ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest. ANot realized BNot to realize CNot realizing DNot to have realized 解析：题意为“没有意识到自己正处于很大的危险之中，艾瑞克走进了森林更深处”。realize和句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。不定式作状语表示目的或者结果，与题意不符，故可排除B、D两项。 答案：C (四川)_ many times，he finally understood it. ATold BTelling CHaving told DHaving been told 解析：句意：他被告知了好多次，最后他终于懂了。这道题考查非谓语动词。句子主语是he，句子前是一个非谓语动词结构，he与动词tell存在被动关系，而且动作存在先后顺序。 答案：D 2不定式和Ving作宾语的区别 (1)疑问代词/副词动词不定式。 这种结构常用于下列动词后：know，make up ones mind，decide，find out，learn，understand，wonder，forget，see，settle等。也可以用于介词后。 这样考过 (2007海淀)Have you thought about_to give her as a present? Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere 解析：考查疑问词加不定式的用法。此处根据句意应用what。 答案：A (2007东城)I used to work in a nursery before so I know_to expect in this new job. Awhat Bhow Cwhy Dwhatever 解析：what什么；how如何；why为的原因；whatever无论什么，任何东西。What to expent in this new job.作know的宾语，what作expect的宾语。 答案：A (2)不定式结构一般不作介词宾语。介词接v.ing作宾语。 特例：but，except表示“除外”时，其前如有行为动词do的各种形式，不定式的符号to须省略，其他情况下要用带to的不定式。 这样考过 (江西重点联考)_ the tonics(补品)are probably not harmful_ your wallet，Heller thinks that people who try them may not realize how highly caffeinated they are. AWhile; except for BAs; except for CWhile; except to DAs; except to 解析：语境为：虽然补品也许无害除了对钱包之外但是Heller认为尝试补品的人可能没有意识到它们的咖啡因含量有多高。此处while表示“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句；句中的to表示对象。 答案：C (3)只能跟to do作宾语的动词：agree，pretend，afford，appear，attempt，choose，dare，decide，be determined，fail，happen，hope，learn，manage，offer，refuse等。 这样考过 (北京石景山区)I hope _ with her about that during the time we _ at college. Ato talk; studied Bto have talked; are studying Cto talk; were studying Dto have talked; were studying 解析：句意为“我希望上大学的时候就已经跟她谈谈那件事。” 答案：D (2008河北唐山摸底)Will the Johnsons leave for Australia this spring? No，they finally decided _. Anot to leave Bnot leaving Cnot to Dnot to be leaving 解析：当不定式的内容和前面的重复时，不定式可以省略，但不定式的符号to不省略，其否定形式为not to。这里是decided not to leave的省略。 答案：C 注意：既可以跟to do又可以跟sb.to do的动词有beg，expect，promise，want，wish，would like/love；可以跟to do但不可以跟sb.to do的动词有hope，decide，refuse，manage，pretend，offer，plan，agree等。 (4)只能跟Ving作宾语的动词有：imagine，escape，cant help，enjoy，miss，allow，advise，consider，delay，excuse，feel like，finish，forbid，give up，keep，mind，permit，practise，put off，suggest等。 这样考过 (2008上海高校春季)As a new driver，I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and again. Aparking Bto park Cparked Dpark 解析：practise vt.“实践，练习”，其后必须接动名词，不能用不定式作宾语。句意为：作为新司机，我不得不在我的小车库里一遍又一遍地练习停车。 答案：A (2006北京)I cant stand_with Jane in the same office.She just refuses_ talking while she works. Aworking; stopping Bto work; stopping Cworking; to stop Dto work; to stop答案：答案：C 注意：上述大多数动词可在Ving前加上逻辑主语，逻辑主语通常用名词或代词的所有格表示，也可用它们的宾格表示： Do you mind their/them making noises here? 你介意他们在此吵闹吗？ (5)有些动词既可以跟不定式作宾语，也可以跟动名词作宾语。区别如下： love，like，hate，prefer跟Ving表示习惯性动作或行为；跟to do表示某次具体的行为。 forget，remember，regret跟Ving表示事情已做过；跟to do表示事情还没做。 这样考过 (海淀)He loves breathing fresh air in the suburbs and _ in the morning sunshine. ASit Bsitting Csits Dis sitting 答案：B try跟doing表示“试着做”；跟to do表示“尽力做”，相当于seek to do/attempt to do/make an effort to do。 这样考过 (2007南京)Id like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games. Better try_the CCTV website，and you are likely_the information in no time. Ato visit; to get Bto visit; getting Cvisiting; to get Dvisiting; getting 解析：try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”；be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，be likely后不可接动词ing。 答案：C mean跟Ving表示“意思是，意味着”；跟to do表示“打算做”。 这样考过 (2006湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always _her permission for things，think again. Agets Bgot Cto get Dgetting 解析：mean doing意思是，意味着，mean to do打算要句意：如果你认为善待妇女(女性)就意味着事事都要得到她的批准，那就再想想吧。 答案：D consider跟Ving表示“打算做某事”；跟sb./sth.to do表示“认为”。 begin/start跟Ving/to do意义上无区别，但如下三种情况常使用不定式： a该二词用于进行时：Its beginning/starting to rain.开始下雨了。 b物作主语：The ice began/started to melt.冰开始融化。 c其后的非谓语动词表示心理活动：I began/started to realize my mistake.我开始意识到自己的错误。 (6)need/want/requireVing(to be Ved)用主动形式表达被动的含义，表示“需要被”；be worthVing也用主动形式表达被动的含义，表示“值得”。 这样考过 (浙江五校联考)As a result of the earthquake，twothirds of the buildings in the area _. Aneed repairing Bneeds repairing Cneeds to be repaired Dneed to repair 解析：主语为buildings，所以谓语动词应该用非第三人称单数，可以排除B、C两项。根据句意，建筑物需要被修理，应该用need doing或者是need to be done，所以选择A项。难度适中。 答案：A (广东扬子江中学)Your composition is good but your handwriting still requires _. Aimproving Bimproved Cbeing improved Dto improve 答案：A (7)on，think of，how/what about，for，against，in spite of，as a result of，because of，feel like等介词宾语只能用Ving。 这样考过 (江苏高考)The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. Afind Bto find Con finding Din finding 解析：insist当“坚持(认为该怎样做)”解时，后接虚拟语气的从句或接 on doing。 答案：C 注意：下列动词短语中to为介词，后面应用Ving形式作宾语。 pay attention to注意；see to注意，负责；lead to导致；refer to谈到，涉及；turn to求助于；stick to坚持；object to反对；be/get used to习惯于做某事；devoteto为奉献时间、精力等；get down to开始认真做某事；be accustomed to 习惯于。 这样考过 (2007郑州)Many teachers strongly object to_at school. Asmoke Bsmoking Csmoked Dhaving smoked 解析：object to(反对)中的to是介词，后面接动名词形式。 答案：B (2008江苏)They are quiet，arent they? Yes.They are accustomed _ at meals. Ato talk Bto not talk Cto talking Dto not talking 解析：be accustomed to后跟动名词作宾语，动名词的否定形式应该在动名词前面加not。 答案：D (2008大连八中)I was close to _ the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. Abe killed; that Bbeing killed; what Cbeing killed; which Dkilling; what 解析：close to中的to是介词，后接动名词的被动式作宾语。后一空填what，what引导的名词性从句作at的宾语。 答案：B 3不定式、Ved和Ving作宾语补足语的区别 (1)hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at，make，let，have后的宾语补足语如用不定式，to常省略；但上述动词为被动语态时，to不可省略。 这样考过 (泉州质检)I really like this song as it is often heard _ everywhere in China. Asinging Bsung Chaving sung Dto sing 解析：it代指上文this song，sing与song之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词sung作主语补足语。 答案：B (2008全国)The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. Apicked up Bpicks up Cpick up Dpicking up 解析：句意为“导演要他的助手为这次会议准备一些热狗”。have sb.do sth.为固定结构，其中do sth.为省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。和have类似用法的使役动词有make，let。 答案：C (杭州质检)Blamed for breaking my promise，I felt my face _ hot，and hung my head in shame. Ato grow Bto be growing Cgrown Dgrow 解析：本题考查“feel宾语宾补”结构，由于feel是感观动词，故用动词原形作宾补。 答案：D (2)tell，want，allow，warn，advise，ask，beg，encourage，cause，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，help，invite，would like/love，order，permit，persuade，remind，teach，wish，prefer后的宾语补足语用to do。(注意：help后的宾补to do中的to可省) 这样考过 (湖南浏阳一中)The old grandfather，much to the surprise of the doctors，wont want his granddaughter _ this week. Ato operate on Boperates Cto be operated on Doperating 答案：C (2008上海春)Due to the heavy rain and flooding，ten million people have been forced _ their homes. Aleaving Bto leave Cto be left Dbeing left 解析：句意：由于大雨和洪水，已经有一千万人被迫离开他们的家园了。force sb.to do/sb.be forced to do“迫使某人做”。 故选B项。 答案：B (3)think，believe，consider，find，imagine，feel，suppose后常跟to be或to haveVed作宾语补足语。 这样考过 (上海高考)The flu is believed_by viruses that like to be reproduced in the cells inside the human nose and throat. Acausing Bbeing caused Cto be caused Dto have caused 解析：根据flu 和介词by可知应该用被动语态，所以排除A和D项；再根据is believed，可知C为最佳选项。因为，sth.is believed/considered/thought to be/as sth.是英语中的一种常见句式。 答案：C (4)feel，find，see，catch，hear，watch，notice，have，get，keep，leave后常跟Ving作宾语补足语。 这样考过 (2008上海春)If we have illegal immigrants _ in，many local workers will lose their jobs. Acame Bcoming Cto come Dhaving come 解析：句意：如果我们让非法移民不断涌入，许多当地的工人就会失业。havesb./sth.doing“让一直干”；have sb.do“让某人做”；havesth.done“让某事被做/遭遇某事”，如：He had his leg broken yesterday.他昨天摔断腿了。 答案：B (2008河南郑州四中)As soon as I entered Evans company I saw a board _“_to Evans” Areads; Welcomed Bwritten; to Welcome Creading; Welcome Dprinted; Welcome 解析：“牌子上写着”用动词read，表示“标明”；“欢迎你”用You are welcome，welcome用作形容词而不是动词，这里主语和be动词都省略了。 答案：C (5)find，hear，see，have，get，make后常跟Ved作宾语补足语。 这样考过 (2007福建)Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_in a short period. AImproved Bimproving Cto improve Dimprove 解析：所填词作have的宾语补足语，与宾语her written English是被动关系，用过去分词，选A。 答案：A (2007西城)Where is Tom? I last saw him_in the library reading. Asit Bseated Cseating Dsat 解析：此处谓语动词是saw(see)，是感官动词，后可跟宾语补足语，seat用作动词，作宾补时，通常用其过去分词形式，因此本题选B。 答案：B (2008江苏)To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. Aspeak Bspeaking Cspoken Dto speak 解析：句中的非谓语动词作hear后的宾语补足语。根据English和speak为动宾关系，因此用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。 答案：C (广东汕头)The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing _ should have attracted the governments attention. Asolving Bsolve Cto solve Dsolved 答案：D (重庆)Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. Aworried Bto worry Cworrying Dworry 解析：备选答案是动词worry的某种形式。worry多为及物动词，意为“使担心/着急”。全句的意思应该是：因小孩违法而惩罚父母的法律使父母感到担心。此外，空中应填宾语补足语，表示宾语的动作、状态、身份等。这样的法律使父母感到担心，也就是说父母被这样的法律弄得担心。所以宾语与补足语之间有被动的主谓关系，而过去分词正好表被动意义。 答案：A 4不定式、Ving和Ved作定语的区别 (1)不定式作定语，它所修饰的名词往往是其逻辑宾语，而且表示的动作尚未发生。 这样考过 (安徽)The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. Aproduced Bbeing produced Cto be produced Dhaving been produced 解析：句意：下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现地方文化。to be produced作后置定语，修饰名词play，表示“将上演的”。produced表示“上演过的”，being produced表示“正在上演的”。 答案：C (重庆)With the world changing fast，we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. Adeal Bdealt Cto deal Ddealing 解析：句意：随着世界的快速变化，我们每天都有新的问题要独自处理。本题考查的是不定式作定语，have something to do，动词do逻辑上的主语是we，也就是句子的主语。 答案：C 注意：不定式与其所修饰的词之间具有动宾关系时，不定式必须是及物动词，而且后面不可再有宾语；如果不定式为不及物动词，后面要加适当的介词，同被修饰的词构成介宾关系：She found a house to live in.她找了幢房子住进去。 (2)Ving所修饰的名词是该动作的执行者(即与被修饰的名词之间的关系是逻辑上的主动的主谓关系)，它表示的动作与主句动作同时进行或说话时正在进行。 这样考过 (湖南师大附中)Barack Obama told millions _ him that his grandmothers influence on _ he is and the way he views the world was significant. Asupport; how Bsupporting; who Csupported; where Dto support; what 解析：奥巴马对数百万注视着他的人说，他的外祖母对他的性格和世界观形成影响很大。supporting him作millions的后置定语。答案：答案：B (浙江嘉兴)The plans _ by many managers now will be carried out next month. Abeing discussed Bdiscussed Cto be discussed Dhaving been discussed 答案：A (湖南师大附中)There is still a long way to go to work out all the problems _ conservation of natural resources. Aconcerning Bconcerned Cto concern Dconcern 解析：由句意：要解决保护自然资源的问题，我们仍有很长的路要走。知空中应填一个作后置定语的短语，concerning“与有关”，作prep.。 答案：A (3)Ved作定语，其修饰的名词是该动作的承受者(即与被修饰的名词之间的关系是逻辑上的被动的主谓关系)。它所表示的动作含被动的意义，但并不表示完成的概念；或既表示被动的意义又表示完成的概念。 这样考过 (北京)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. Agrown Bbeing grown Cto be grown Dto grow 解析：句意：早饭他只喝自己农场种的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。fruit与grow为被动关系，故排除D选项；being grown 正被种植；to be grown 将要被种植，均不合题意，所以选A。 答案：A (上海)With the governments aid，those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. Aaffect Baffecting Caffected Dwere affected 解析：句意：在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。用affect的过去分词形式作主语those的后置定语，表示“受到地震影响的人们”。 答案：C 5Ving和不定式作主语的区别 (1)v.ing泛指某种行为、活动或某种职业；动词不定式指特定的某一次行为或活动。 这样考过 (2008江苏常州统考)What made you so delighted at Christmas? _. AI received many more presents than others BBecause my parents promised me a new car CMy uncles coming back from abroad DAs there was an unusual celebration 解析：句意：“在圣诞节什么事让你这么高兴？”“我叔叔从国外回来。”第一句中what作主语，用来回答它的只能是名词、代词、不定式、动名词或名词性从句。 答案：C (北京海淀区)_ these suggestions will help you become more cooperative and achieve more. AFollowed BFollowing CTo follow DBeing followed 解析：由句中缺空处知缺少主语，且与句中的“you”构成逻辑主谓关系，故可排除A、D项。B项动名词following表示经常的、习惯的动作或情况，而C项中的to follow则表示某一次特定的、具体的动作，相比较B项要比C项好，故选B。 答案：B (2008重庆一中)_ in the countryside made Mr.Wilson very hardworking when he was still young. ABringing up BBeing brought up CHaving brought up DBrought up 解析：动名词的被动式作主语。 答案：B (2)通常使用形式主语it。常见句型结构为： 1It is/wasadj.of/for sb.to do sth. 注意：介词用of还是用for要根据前面的形容词而定。若该形容词表示人的性格特征用of，表示事物的特征就必须用for。 这样考过 (南通调研)“Once people think you are a liar，its hard _，no matter what youll say.”father warned his son. Afor you to make yourself believe Bfor you to make yourself believed Cof you to make yourself believing Dof you to make yourself believe 解析：本题考查句型It is hard for sb.to do sth.和词组make oneself done。父亲警告儿子说：“一旦人们认为你是个骗子，那么无论你说什么，都很难让人相信你。” 答案：B 还可能这样考 It is silly of me_ all eggs in one basket.That was the worst mistake Ive ever made. Ato put Bto have put Cputting Dhaving put 解析：此题易误选A。后句语境提示That was the worst mistake，说明这一动作发生在过去，故应用不定式完成式表示动作已发生。句意：把所有的鸡蛋都放在了一个篮子里，我真是太蠢了。这是我所犯过的最糟糕的一个错误。答案：答案：B 2It is no use/no good doing sth.做没有用处/好处 可能这样考 It is no use_without doing. Ato promise Bpromising Cpromise Dto be promised 解析：it 为形式主语，真正的主语是promising without doing。 答案：B 3There is no use/no good/no point(in)doing sth.做没有用处/好处/意义 这样考过 (2008宁夏中卫模拟)There is _ what the weather will be like. Anot knowing Bno knowing Cnot know Dno known 解析：句意：无法知道天气会是什么样子。There is no doing.It is impossible to do.“是不可能的”，是固定句式，所以答案为B项。 答案：B 6不定式和Ving作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语表示特定的某次行为或动作；Ving作表语表示某种职业，某种状态，事物的性质、特点等。 可能这样考 Her wish is_a teacher. Ato becoming Bbecome Cto become Dbecoming 解析：做老师是她的愿望。to do表示一个具体的未来的动作，所以应选择to become。 答案：C What worried me most was_ to go abroad alone. Amy not allowing Bhaving not allowed Cmy being not allowed Dmy not being allowed 解析：句意：最让我担心的事是我不会被允许单独出国。考查非谓语动词作表语，根据句意，应为被动，故排除A、B两项，否定词not应置于非谓语动词前，故选D。 答案：D (2)Ved作表语表示某种状态、情绪。 注意：选用Ving形式还是选用Ved作表语，取决于非谓语动词与句子主语的关系。如果是意义上的主谓关系，用Ving形式，说明事物的性质或特征，可译为“令人感到的”；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则用Ved，多指人的感情或感觉，常译为“感到”。 在某些习惯用法中，不定式用主动式代替被动式。 The house is to let.该屋出租。 I am to blame.是我不好。 7独立主格结构 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不是同一主语，它的构成为“主格词(代词主格或名词)非谓语动词”，在句中只能作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随：It being rainy，we had to stay at home. 天气多雨，我们只好呆在家里。 这样考过 (2008江苏四市情况调查)On Saturday evenings guests are entertained in the garden，weather _. Apermits Bpermit Cpermitting Dpermitted 解析：两个句子之间有逗号隔开时，它们之间存在下列几种情况：1)两个句子之间有并列连词；2)两个句子之间有从属连词；3)两个句子之间无连词，其中一个句子用非谓语动词的形式来表达。此题属于第三种情况，两个句子之间无连词且主语不一致，其中一个用独立主格结构的形式来表达，作条件状语。句意：如果天气允许的话，客人们通常星期六晚上在花园里娱乐。 答案：C (2008山东威海质检)The women waited on the windy lawn，their skirts _ against their legs，keeping their hats on with difficulty. Abeing blowing Bto blow Cto be blown Dblown 解析：句意：妇女们在有风的草坪上等着时，风吹起了她们的裙子，她们费力地按着帽子。their skirts.difficulty作伴随状语，其中their skirts blown against their legs是独立主格结构的表达形式，blow和skirts之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词表示被动和完成。请注意A项的表达形式不正确，不要受其干扰。 答案：D (2008山东聊城模拟)When he joined them in the work，he was disappointed at there _ so little to do. Abeing Bwere Chaving Dhad 解析：句意：当他加入他们一起工作的时候，因为几乎无事可做，所以他很失望。be disappointed at“因而失望”，at是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动名词的形式，所以there be句式要用there being的形式。 答案：A 8with复合结构(with宾语Ved/Ving/to do) With some students followed behind，he came in.他走了进来，身后跟着一群学生。作伴随状语。 注意：“with宾语”后也可跟形容词、副词、介词短语、名词构成复合结构。 这样考过 (北京东城区)With their son _ a foreign college now，the parents have some financial problems now and then. Ato attend Battending Cattended Dhaving attended 解析：此题考查with结构，表伴随。父母不时会有金融方面的困难，with宾语宾补。宾语：他们的儿子和上大学是主动关系，正在上大学，故选B项。 答案：B (天津红桥区)_ the rain falling so frequently，it becomes more and more difficult to be early on the rescue work. ASince B.With CAs DFor 解析：根据句中_ the rain failing so frequently可知，这是一个由with宾语宾补的复合结构，作原因状语，故选B。而C项中也是随着，但as为连词，其后应加句子，故排除；A、D两项不合语境，也排除。 答案：B (全国)Now that weve discussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions _？ ATaking Btake Ctaken Dto take 解析：句意：既然我们已讨论了我们的问题，人们对我们所做的决定满意吗？此题考查非谓语动词。decisions与take为被动关系，taken表被动完成，故选C。taking表主动和进行，to take一般表主动和将来。 答案：C 9独立成分 在句子中作插入语，不受主句主语的限制。 to tell you the truth说实话；to be honest说实在的；generally speaking一般说来；judging from从来判断；considering everything全面考虑；to make things worse更糟糕的是。 这样考过 (浙江)_，the pay isnt attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting. AGenerally speaking BOn the contrary CIn particular DTo be honest 解析：句意：说实话，这点工资没有足够的吸引力，但工作本身还是非常有趣的。to be honest往往引导转折句，其他选项明显不合题意。 答案：D (2008东北三校一模)_ from media reports，the result has been unclear. ATo judge BHaving judged CJudging DJudged 解析：句意：从媒体报道来看，此项结果一直很模糊。judging from(从判断)为悬垂分词，无论与主句主语是主动关系，还是被动关系，judge都只能用ing形式。 答案：C 单项填空 1Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company，_as 3M. Aknowing Bknown Cbeing known Dto be known 答案与解析：Bknown as在这里是过去分词作定语。 2Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV.There are pictures_in your mind instead of before your eyes. Ato form Bform Cforming Dhaving formed 答案与解析：Cforming在此作定语，修饰pictures，to form表将来，B、D两项不可作定语。 3English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it? Yes._more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. AKnow BKnowing CTo know DKnown 答案与解析：A祈使句and/or陈述句。 4Suddenly，a tall man driving a golden carriage_the girl and took her away，_into the woods. Aseizing; disappeared Bseized; disappeared Cseizing; disappearing Dseized; disappearing 答案与解析：Dseized与took并列作谓语，disappearing作伴随状语 5The old man，_abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland. Ato work Bworking Cto have worked Dhaving worked 答案与解析：Dwork这个动作在主句的谓语动词之前发生，故用完成式。 6He looked around and caught a man_his hand into the pocket of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting 答案与解析：Dcatch sb.doing sth.撞见某人正做某事。 7_the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. AThe president will attend BThe president to attend CThe president attended DThe presidents attending 答案与解析：D从句子结构看，句子已经有了谓语，所以A排除；选项B为即将亲自参加会议的总统给他们鼓舞，讲不通，因为给出鼓舞的应该是事或精神，而不应该是人；选项C的attended若作谓语，则与句子结构矛盾，若作过去分词，又与the president的关系矛盾。 8_at the office，Mr.Green found the papers prepared for his boss were left at home. ATo arrive BOn arriving CAs arriving DWhile arrived 答案与解析：BonVing 表示“一就”。 9Much new and high technology has been introduced from America，thus_in great increase in production of the company. Aresulting Bresulted Cresults Dwhich results 答案与解析：A题意为：许多高新技术已经从美国引进了，因此这家公司的产量迅速增加。动词的ing形式作结果状语，与主句存在因果关系。另外，若选D项则要去掉thus。 10Whats the main purpose of tonights meeting? We are going to talk about the problem_at the last meeting. Adiscussed Bdiscussing Cbeing discussed Dhaving discussed 答案与解析：A题意为：“今天晚上会议的主要目的是什么？”“我们打算谈论上次会议讨论的问题。”the problem discussed意为“被讨论的问题”，动词的ed形式作后置定语说明过去发生的被动动作，相当于定语从句the problem which was discussed。” 11Discovering consists of seeing what everybody has seen and_what nobody has thought. Athink Bthinking Cthought Dto think 答案与解析：Band是表示并列关系的连词，其前后成分应一致，前面用seeing what everybody has seen，故后面需用动名词形式与之并列。 12I really appreciate_a great effort to come to help us with the problem. Ayour making Byou to make Cyou to make Dyour being made 答案与解析：Aappreciate后接动名词作宾语，意为“感激(某人)做某事”。此处a great effort是动词make的宾语，故不需用被动形式。 13_about Lucy，the teacher called her p