高考英语语法 省略与高考教案.docx

2011高考英语语法教案：省略与高考英语中有时为了防止重复，使语言简练素凑，在不损害句子结构或不引起 误解的原那么下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语,英语中的省略有两种： 一是替代省略，即用其他词代替句中重友或相同的局部;二是结构省略。即根 据语境需要,承前或后省略句子中相同的某些句子成分。这类密里在历届岛考 试题中度见不鲜.一、林代省略1 .用it, one, that替代句子中歪且出现的名词、代词或句子.one是指代同名称的另一样东西（同类异物），代杵前面句子中弟复出现的 可数幺词：lhal林代特指可数或不可数名词，后面常跟彳i in或of短语作后置 定语:it指代同名称的同样事物（同类同物）.高考链接1） Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what析：正确答案是B. one代替泛指的an unforgettable moment.在句中作 同位语，起补充说明的作用.I will always treasure是定语从句修饰one.2） -Why dont you take a break?-Didnt we just have ?A. it B. that C. one D. this析:由题分析，代词指代的是前面的a break,为单数泛指概念，故答案为 C. one代杵泛指的单数名词,相当于a / an+单数名词:假设替代前面提到的泛 指复数名词要用ones,普代特指如数名词那么用those或the ones.3） Equipped with modern facilities, todays libraries differ greatly from .A. those of the pastB. the pastC. which of the pastD. these pasI析：答案是 A. those 代皆 the 1 ibraries.2 .在两个分句中，当两者(人或物)情况或意思完全相同，第二个分句用so, neither, nor, either等引出时,出现省略现象，其中neither, nor, so还可 引起倒装结构，表示“也不也高考链接1) -Its burning hot today, isnt it?-Yes, yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. So il is D. So is it 解析：答案为A” 一今天天气很热.一是的，昨天也是这样.so+助动词/ 怙态动词+主语句型.这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样 适用于另一人或物.意思是“同样”、“也那样”，常理解为倒装结构2) I reminded you not to forget the appointment.A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I 解析：答案为A. 一我提醒过你不要忘掉那个约定。一是的，你确实提醒我了。3) -Father . you promised!一Well, . But it was you who didn t keep your word first.A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did 解析：答案为D。上句动诃是promised,因此下句应该用did。So did I表示“我 也一样”，s。1 did表示“我确实许过诺”.4）-David has made great progress recently._ and .A. So he has; so you haveB. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have youD. So has he; so you have析：正确答案是B项.So置广句色构成So+主语+助动词（情态动词）”结构, 衣示同意对方的话;S。置于句苜，构成S3助动词（情态动词）+生语”的倒装结 构,表示亦如此”。3.有时可用so代替名词性从句,以防止重发前面所说的内容，可以用于这 类结构的动词有 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope 等.肯定回答结构为“主语，动词+so”,否认回答结构为主语助动词否认形式+ 动词+s。”或主语+动词+nol”,但动词为hope, guess时，否认回答只能说hope (guess) not,不能说 don I hope (guess) so高考链接1) Will you be able to finish your respect today?A. I like it B. I hope so C. 1 * 11 do so D. 1 d love it 解析：答案为队看杳情景对话。句意为“希里如此工2)-The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?A. I guess not soB. I dont guessC. I dont guess soD. I guess not (2003 春北京卷)析：正确答案是 D. I guess not 相当于 I guess they arent doing a good job at all。二、结构省略1 .动向不定式的省略.动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，可采用省略结构，但符号to要保用， 表示省略了动词不定式及其以后的成分.高考链接1) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him .A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to析:正确答案是 A. to后省略了 ride his bicycle in the street.2) -Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all. .A. Ive no timeB. Id rather notC. Id like itD. I* 11 be happy lo析：正确答案是D. lo后省略了 look after your cat.但l不定式是由be或have构成时,to后必须保存be或have,例如：一Are you fond of classic music?-No, but I used to be.-Hav。 you told Ann about her failure in the test?-Yes, but 1 oughtnt to have.2.状语从句的省略.高考链接1) When firstto the market, these products enjoyed greatsuccess.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced解析：答案为析这里窜hen first introduced想当于窜hen first these products are introduced to，按照主被动关系，应该是产品被引入市场. 用被动形式。2) The research is so designed that once nothing can be doneto change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun析：正确答案是D.连词once后省略了 it (the research) is.9) Though money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D, lacked in析:正确答案是C连词though引导的状语从句完整C构应该是though they (his parents) lacked money。注意：D在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步或比拟状语从句中,如果谓语动 词中含仃be,主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时,那么从句的史语和谓语的局部可行略。如:Please speak English if (it is) possible and use Chinese when (it is ) necessary.Unless (you are) invi ted, you should remain silent at the meeting.2)状语从句中省略t语时,后面用现在分词表示该动作,3被省略的主讲为 主动关系，用过去分词那么表示该动作被省略的主语为被动关系.例如：While (they were) bui1ding the tunnel, the workers discovered an underground lake.According to the directions, when (it is) taken, the drug has no side effect.3.疑问句及其省略回答.1)特殊疑问句的省略回答高考链接10)-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.-Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing.A. him B. he C. I D. me析:在U常用语中，当人称代词用在不带谓语的句子中作主语时，习惯上用 宾格,答案是D.完整回容许该是Why do I have to go and join her cleaning the yard?2)-What do you think made Mary so upset?- her new bicycle.A . As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing析:答案是 C.完整回容许该是 Losing her new bicycle nade her so upset.要解决这类特殊疑问句的省略回答下列问题,关键在弄清特殊疑问词”表达 的意义,然后据此作出合理的分析和推断.2)考音含情态动词的一般疑问句的回答高考链接1) I think I 11 give Bob a ring._You . You havent been in touch with him for agesA. willB. mnyC. have toD.should解析：答案为凡should在这里表示劝告。2)-Could I call you by your first name? -Yes, youA. wi 11 B. could C. may D. might析:答案是C.此类源目考查了答语的省略，即保存相应的情态动词，省略了其后与前面 出现的相同的局部