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Unit 1 Great ScientistsThere are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? Match the inventions with their inventors below.Warming Up: electricity Thomas Edison the First telephoneLaite Brothers the electric LampMadame Curie black holes in UniverseFranklin Theory of GravityStephen Hawking the First PlaneElbert Einstein RadiumIsaac Newton the Theory of RelativityDo you know?Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?ArchimedesCharles DarwinWho invented the first steam engine?Thomas NewcomenWho used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor MendelWho discovered radium?Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?Marie CurieThomas EdisonLeonardo da VinciWho invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Who put forward a theory about black holes?Sir Humphrey DavyZhang HengStephen HawkingYuan LongpingJohn SnowJohn Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.What happened in 1854?How many people died in 10 days?Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?Cholera outbreak hit London.500These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.Task 1:Skim and ScanTask 2: Read and answer1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. Both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined. Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.1.Draw a conclusionMake up5 423671stages in examining a new scientific ideaSteps:What/How?1.Find a problem2.Make up a question3.Think of a method4.Collect resultsWhat causes cholera?Which theory is correct?Gather information when another Cholera hit London in 1854.He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived.6. Find supporting evidence7.Make a conclusion5.Analyse resultsLooked into the source of the water.Two other deaths.The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined.Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes)Read the passage again and finish Ex. 1(Page 3). (in 8 minutes)Language Language points pointsFind the phrases in the passage.1、提出、提出 2、传染病、传染病3、科学研究、科学研究4、得出结论、得出结论5、分析结果、分析结果6、对、对产生兴趣产生兴趣7、被传染的人、被传染的人8、信仰、信仰9、查清楚、查清楚10、调查、调查11、水源、水源12、使慢下来、使慢下来13、另外、另外14、把、把和和联系联系起来起来15、死于、死于16、毫无疑问地、毫无疑问地17、阻止、阻止做做18、处理、处理 put forward infectious diseases scientific research draw a conclusion analyze the results get interested in the affected people believe in find out 1、提出、提出 2、传染病、传染病 3、科学研究、科学研究 4、得出结论、得出结论 5、分析结果、分析结果 6、对、对产生兴趣产生兴趣 7、被传染的人、被传染的人 8、信仰、信仰 9、查清楚、查清楚 look into the source of water slow down in addition linkto die of with certainty preventfrom deal with 10、调查、调查 11、水源、水源 12、使慢下来、使慢下来 13、另外、另外 14、把、把和和联联系起来系起来 15、死于、死于 16、毫无疑问地、毫无疑问地 17、阻止、阻止做做 18、处理、处理 Language Points1.discover & inventdiscover v. “ 发现发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存在着存在着.Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲年发现了美洲.Who discovered radium? 谁发现了镭谁发现了镭?invent v. “发明发明”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西指的是发明原先不存在的东西.Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机谁发明了蒸汽机?2.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法中的每个人的办法?the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做做.的方法的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法她给我们示范清洗它的办法.the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用可以用that;可以可以用用in which;还可以省略还可以省略.I dont like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your father.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与与way相关的短语相关的短语:by the way 顺便说顺便说 by way of 通过通过的方法的方法lose ones way 迷路迷路 no way (俚语俚语) 没门没门,别想别想feel ones way 摸黑走摸黑走,谨慎从事谨慎从事on ones way to在去在去的路上的路上in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法用这种方法3.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论谁提出了黑洞的理论?put forward(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出提出(建议等建议等)(2)推荐某人或自己任职位推荐某人或自己任职位;提名提名May I put your name forward as our monitor?我能否提名你当我们我能否提名你当我们的班长的班长?put away 抛弃抛弃;舍弃舍弃 put down 写下来写下来;记入名单记入名单;put on 穿上穿上;戴上戴上;增加增加 put off 耽误耽误;延期延期put out 熄灭熄灭(灯灯);扑灭扑灭 (火火) put up 建立建立;建造建造put up with 忍受忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off1. put forward 1. put forward 提出提出 put down put down put off put off put away put away put on put on put out put out 放下，记下放下，记下 推迟，延期推迟，延期 放好放好 穿上，穿上， 上演上演 扑灭扑灭Ex. Fill in the blanks.Ex. Fill in the blanks.1. 1. The manager _ a good idea to solve the problem.The manager _ a good idea to solve the problem.2.2. Tom, could you please _ toys and books ? Tom, could you please _ toys and books ? They are everywhere. They are everywhere.3. The big fire was _ an hour later. 3. The big fire was _ an hour later. 4. The match has _ because of the rain. 4. The match has _ because of the rain. 5. Time was up for the test. So all the students _ 5. Time was up for the test. So all the students _ their pens and turned in their papers. their pens and turned in their papers.6. The man _ his best hat and went to the station.6. The man _ his best hat and went to the station.put forwardput forwardput awayput awayput output outbeen put offbeen put offput downput downput onput on4.This was the most deadly disease of its day.die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.)deadly adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的危险的;致命的致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2. highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的强有力的;致命致命的的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论击中要害的评论3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的意在杀死的;不共戴天的不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人不共戴天的敌人adv. 1. Very极度极度;非常非常;十分十分: deadly serious 十分认真十分认真 2. like death 死一般地死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白死一般苍白2. attend2. attend 1) 1) 专心专心 , , 处理处理 attend to sthattend to sth. . 2 2）照顾）照顾 attend to sb. / sthattend to sb. / sth 3) 3) 治疗，护理治疗，护理, , 照料照料attend (on ) sb.attend (on ) sb. 4 4）出席，参加）出席，参加 attend a meetingattend a meeting attend school (attend school (入学）入学）He attended to his business.He attended to his business.If you go out , who will attend to the baby?If you go out , who will attend to the baby?I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I was too busy.was too busy.他专心于他的事务。他专心于他的事务。如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。Exercises q 她岁就上学了。她岁就上学了。q一位好医生在医院里给我看病。一位好医生在医院里给我看病。q你能马上处理这件事吗？你能马上处理这件事吗？She attended school at the age of five.A good doctor attended (on) me in hospital.Can you attend to this matter right away ?3. ease v . 减轻，舒缓减轻，舒缓 This medicine can ease pain. The relationship between these two countries has eased. 这种药能镇痛缓解痛楚。这种药能镇痛缓解痛楚。两国的关系已经得到缓和。两国的关系已经得到缓和。q ease ones mind = put sb. at (ones) ease 使某人安心使某人安心 她说的话使大家安下心来。她说的话使大家安下心来。 What she said eased everyones mind. What she said put everyone at ease.5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.在句中是过去分词作后置定语在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动表示被动.意为意为“患霍乱患霍乱的的”.如如:The book written by Luxun is very popular.expose v.(1)to make visible 暴露暴露 “expose .to.”He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.(2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of 揭露揭露;揭发揭发He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋他揭穿了他们的阴谋.I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要我威胁要(向警向警察察)揭发他揭发他.expose to 使易受使易受,使受使受 expose a fraud 揭穿揭穿骗局骗局expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于把某事暴露于光天化日之下光天化日之下 The disc, in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded5. cure v. / n. 治愈治愈, 治疗治疗 This kind of medicine cant cure him of his headache. He went to the city for a cure in a famous hospital.这种药治不了他的头痛。这种药治不了他的头痛。他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。v. n.q 科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。 Scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu. Scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu. 6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死老百姓病死.every time是连词是连词,引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,意为意为“每次每次,每当每当”,如如:Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们我就想起发生在我们之间的事情之间的事情.immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可以作等都可以作连词连词,引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,意为意为“一一就就”,如如:I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见我一见到他就把这封信给他到他就把这封信给他.I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了我一接到你的信就来了.6. controlv v. . 统治，控制统治，控制 He tried to control his anger. He tried to control his anger. 他尽量控制自己的愤怒。他尽量控制自己的愤怒。n. n. 统治，控制统治，控制 , , 掌握掌握 in control ofin control of指导；支配指导；支配 He was in control of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。他负责这辆小汽车。 under the control ofunder the control of 被被控制着控制着 ( go ) out of control ( go ) out of control 失控失控q 他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。q 那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。His money is under the control of his wife.His money is under the control of his wife.The car went out of control and hit the wall. The car went out of control and hit the wall. 7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练习并完成相关的练习)8.absorb v. 吸收吸收(液体液体);承受承受;承担承担 (费用等费用等)Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨水吸干撒的墨水We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用我们不能承担这些费用.absorbin/by.吸引注意吸引注意 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.专心专心看书看书absorbinto吸收吸收The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。些小的公司吞并了。8. severe = serious = serious 严厉的，严格的严厉的，严格的 = very harmful = very harmful 剧烈的剧烈的 be severe with = be strict with be severe with = be strict with 对对要求严格要求严格 His severe looks frightened me.His severe looks frightened me. 他的严厉表情使我恐慌。他的严厉表情使我恐慌。 He has a severe pain in his leg.He has a severe pain in his leg. 他的脚痛得厉害。他的脚痛得厉害。q 他对自己要求很严格。他对自己要求很严格。 He is very severe with himself. He is very severe with himself. 9. valuable 9. valuable a a. . 贵重的，重要的，有用的贵重的，重要的，有用的 be valuable to sb.be valuable to sb. 对某人有价值对某人有价值 be valuable for sthbe valuable for sth. . 对对有用有用 value value n n. . 价值价值 valuable = of great value valuable = of great value q 他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。q这本书对我的学习很有价值。这本书对我的学习很有价值。q 电脑对储存资料很有用。电脑对储存资料很有用。He provided us with valuable information.He provided us with valuable information. This book is valuable to me in my studies. This book is valuable to me in my studies. This book is of great value to me in my studies. This book is of great value to me in my studies.Computer is valuable for storing information.Computer is valuable for storing information.10. blame 责备，指责，归咎于责备，指责，归咎于 blame sb. (for sthblame sb. (for sth. ). ) blame sthblame sth. on sb. on sb. They blamed him for everything .They blamed him for everything . 他们样样事都指责他。他们样样事都指责他。 He blamed it on me.He blamed it on me. 他怪我不好。他怪我不好。q 警察把这个事故的责任归咎那个司机。警察把这个事故的责任归咎那个司机。q他把比赛失败归咎于自己。他把比赛失败归咎于自己。The police blamed the accident on the driver. The police blamed the accident on the driver. He blamed himself for the loss of the match.He blamed himself for the loss of the match.11. handle11. handlen. n. 把手，把手， 柄柄 v.v. 操作，操作， 处理，管理，处理，管理， 拿拿 the handle of the doorthe handle of the door handle the businesshandle the business handle an argument handle an argument handle the food handle the food 门的把手门的把手管理业务管理业务处理一场争论处理一场争论拿食物拿食物12. in addition 除此之外，另外，并且除此之外，另外，并且 in addition to = besides in addition to = besides 除此之外除此之外还有还有 In addition to English , he has to study a second In addition to English , he has to study a second foreign language.foreign language. 除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。 In addition , I work for the computer computer in In addition , I work for the computer computer in my spare time.my spare time. 此外，我还在业余时间要电脑公司工作。此外，我还在业余时间要电脑公司工作。 q She can sing songs in English _ She can sing songs in English _ in Japanese. in Japanese.q The doctor found another way of curing the The doctor found another way of curing the cancer _. cancer _. in addition toin addition toin additionin addition13. linkto 把把与与连接连接/ 联系联系 Scientists have linked smoking to cancer. 科学家已经把吸烟与癌症联系起来。科学家已经把吸烟与癌症联系起来。q 这条铁路把上海和北京连接起来。这条铁路把上海和北京连接起来。 The railway links Shanghai to Beijing. 14. announce 宣布，发表，宣布，发表， 告知告知 显示显示， 预告预告/ / 示示 The government announced its new economic The government announced its new economic policies. policies. 政府发布了新的经济政策。政府发布了新的经济政策。 The strong wind announced the coming of a big The strong wind announced the coming of a big storm.storm. 强风预示着一场大风暴的来临。强风预示着一场大风暴的来临。q这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。 The news was announced to the public on TV.The news was announced to the public on TV.Choose the right one for the blanks.believe in, deal with , preventbelieve in, deal with , preventfrom , from , with certainty, die of , in addition , look intowith certainty, die of , in addition , look into1. 1.The police are _ all the records of the man.The police are _ all the records of the man.2.2._, the course also provides practical _, the course also provides practical experience.experience.3.3.He _ him and let him handle all his He _ him and let him handle all his business. business. 4.4.The government is doing something to The government is doing something to _ the polluted water._ the polluted water.5.5.The old man _ hunger and cold. The old man _ hunger and cold. 6.6.You should _ your child _ going You should _ your child _ going out at night.out at night.7.7.He was the first to work out the problem He was the first to work out the problem _. _. looking intolooking intoIn additionIn additionbelieved inbelieved indeal withdeal withdied ofdied ofprevent fromprevent fromP42.Using Words And Expressions1. In the twenty-first century, educated people find it difficult to believe that living conditions in the nineteenth century _ people _ serious illnesses. The reports of many doctors _ illness _ drinking polluted water. However, one hundred years ago people did not connect a disease to the environment. So they did not _ the companies that supplied dirty water. The doctors found that the dirtier the water, the more _ the illness. It was only later when people began to _ the water and _ its quality that they_ the idea that cholera was _ from the air. It was only when everybody began to attack the dirty conditions that cholera was _ and was not a problem any more.exposeexaminesevereblame tolinktoabsorbedrejectedtestdefeated1Great scientistsGreat scientistsReading & WritingWarming upDo you know what is the center of the solar system?Fast readingListen to the tape, and find out the answers to the questions.1. What did Copernicus think was the center of the solar system?2.When did Copernicus publish his theory?Reading Copernicus Revolutionary TheoryCareful readingWhy didnt Copernicus publish his theory before he died?P7. 1.Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe.Before Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centreShowing Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer (1473-1543). Born in Torun, he began his university studies in Krakow in 1491, where he studied canon law and Latin and Greek classics. However he also had an interest in mathematics and astronomy. After obtaining his degree of Doctor of Canon Law (教会法规博士学位教会法规博士学位)in Italy in 1503, Copernicus returned home to Warmia in Poland to serve as Canon (=priest) . In 1530, Copernicus completed his great work De Revolutionibus (天体运行论天体运行论).Copernicus knew that these findings would lead him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church (罗马天主教教徒罗马天主教教徒), so he wasin no hurry to publish his theory. He only published it as he lay dying in 1543. Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact, the book which first suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time. Adapted from http:/www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/copernicus/1. Surf the Internet and get more information about Copernicus. http:/ RevisionListening (P5)1. Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.2. In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.3. When Qian Xuesen returned to China he sep up a Space Institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.4. In China he has been honoured as “the father of the space programme”.5. Steve Smith suggested putting Qian Xuesens picture on Mars when the first Chinese astronaut lands there. GrammarThe Past ParticipleTranslate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to. 一片碎玻璃一片碎玻璃 开水开水 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票 一箱埋起来的硬币一箱埋起来的硬币 穿破的鞋子穿破的鞋子 一台损坏了的计算机一台损坏了的计算机结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。 Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.Past Participle Past Participleas the Predicative as the Attribute1. children who 1. look astonished 2. a vase that is broken 2.3. a door that is closed 3.4. the audience who feel tired 4.5. an animal that is trapped 5.Grammar一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。的意义，常作前置定语。 eg：a lostlost animal 一只迷路的动物一只迷路的动物 a usedused stamp 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票 an injuredinjured finger 一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指 a brokenbroken coin 一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币 a lightedlighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spokenspoken English 英语口语英语口语 writtenwritten exercises 书面练习书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义去分词只有完成的意义fallenfallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risenrisen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳the advancedadvanced countries 发达国家发达国家 drunkendrunken man 一个醉鬼一个醉鬼a returnedreturned student 一名留学生一名留学生 a retiredretired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师an escapedescaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 by-goneby-gone days 过去的岁月过去的岁月2 2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动或完成意、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动或完成意义义。 e.g.：How I regretted the hours wastedwasted in the woods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊I like wearing clothes mademade of this kind of cloth我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。e.g.：The books writtenwritten by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎鲁迅写的书很受欢迎Well go to visit the bridge builtbuilt hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Practice: Change the foll
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