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- 1 -话题话题 1414 语言与学习（语言与学习（LanguageLanguage LearningLearning）语言与学习是高中英语新课标话题之一，也是高考常考的话题之一。本话题包括英美英语的差异、英语和文化、语言学习的困难和策略、语言和交际的态度、学习方法和学习策略等方面。这些话题与学生的日常学习密切相关，通过这些话题的学习和考查，可以让学生了解西方语言的特点及其语言背后的文化差异，研究学习方法和策略，激发学生学习外语的热情，促进他们的身心健康。近几年高考英语中语言与学习话题常以听力、阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式来进行考查，例如 2017 年新课标卷 I 完形填空和书面表达，2017 年江苏卷阅读理解 B 篇，2017 年天津卷阅读表达，2016 年新课标卷 II 阅读理解 C 篇，2016 年四川卷完形填空；2016年浙江卷阅读理解 C、D 两篇；2016 年北京卷阅读理解 A、D 两篇；2016 年江苏卷阅读理解 A篇和天津卷阅读理解 A 篇；2015 年天津卷阅读理解 C 篇；2014 年新课标全国卷阅读理解 D篇；2012 年四川卷书面表达等。【相关词汇】【相关词汇】.写作必记单词1.absorbvt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注；吸引(注意)2.approachv.接近；靠近；n.接近；方法；途径3.coursen.课程；过程4.difficultyn.困难，困境5.explainvt.解释，说明explanationn.解释；讲解；说明6.expressv.表达；表示7.graduallyadv.逐渐地gradualadj.逐渐的8.mastervt.精通，掌握；n.大师；主人9.overcomev.克服，解决10.practicen.&v.练习11.requestv.&n.请求；要求- 2 -.阅读识记单词12.accentn.口音；腔调；重音13.accumulatevt.&vi.积累；积聚accumulationn.积累，积聚14.accurateadj.准确的，精确的accuratelyadv.精确地，准确地accuracyn.精确，准确15.classifyvt.分类16.consultv.咨询17.correctionn.改正18.effectiveadj.有效的effectn.效果，作用19.dialectn.方言，土语20.enlargevt.扩大21.enrichvt.丰富22.excellentadj.极好的，优秀的excellentlyadv.极好地；优秀地23.expressionn.表达；表示；表情；词语，措辞24.graspvt.领会；掌握25.fluentlyadv.流利地26.frequentlyadj.频繁地frequentadj.频繁的27.memorizev.记忆28.pronunciationn.发音pronouncevt.&vi.发音29.recognizev.辨认出；承认；识别30.scanvt.&vi.扫读；浏览31.sentencen.句子32.shortcomingn.缺点，短处33.shortlyadv.不久；简单地，扼要地34.skimvt.&vi.跳读；略读35.spellingn.拼写；拼法36.standardn.&adj.标准(的)37.straightadj.笔直的；正直的；adv.直接地；坦率地38.stressn.重音39.termn.术语；条目- 3 -40.usagen.使用；用法41.vocabularyn.词汇42.wonderfuladj.精彩的；了不起的1.at present 目前；现在2.attach importance to 重视3.because of 因为；由于e up 提出；走近5.form the habit of 养成的习惯6.have a good command of 精通7.have a good knowledge of 通晓8.insist on 坚持9.keep/bear.in mind 记住10.look up 查阅；向上看11.make progress 取得进步12.make full use of 充分利用13.pick up(偶然)学得；拾起，捡起；接收14.put.to use 使用15.such as 例如；像读得快才能买得快：文字会慢慢消失的书！The Book That Cant Wait seeks to strengthen bonds between first-timewriters and their readers by getting their books read quickly.等不起的图书这一发明催促人们尽快阅读图书，从而加强了新人作家和读者之间的联系。- 4 -Argentinean independent publishers Eterna Cadencia are publishing an anthologyof new Latin authors using special ink that disappears once it comes in contact withsun and air, completely disappearing within 2months time after opening the book. Thismakes for an interesting approachto motivate book buyers to readbooksmorepromptly,givingfirst-time authors the attentionthey need to survive:阿 根 廷 独 立 出 版 商 EternaCadencia 使用了新型油墨，出版了拉美新人作家的文集。这种新型图书一旦打开，接触到阳光和空气，它的文字就会在 2 个月后完全消失。这样的变化促使读者购买书籍后立刻阅读，从而给予新人作者更多关注。The Book That Cant Wait tackles an important problem for new authors. Theinnovative independent publishers teamed up with DRAFTFCB Buenos Aires to developthis initiative.等不及的图书这项发明解决了新人作者面临的重要的市场化问题。这些具有创造思维的独立出版商们已与布宜诺斯艾利斯 DRAFTFCB 广告公司合作，继续推广这一创意产品。Books are very patient objects. We buy them, and then they wait for us to readthem. Days, months, even years. Thats OK for books, but not for new authors. Ifpeople dont read their first books, theyll never make it to a second.图书都是非常耐心的。我们购买了它们，接着它们就静静等我们去翻阅。分秒流逝，乃至经年累月。图书当然等得起，可新人作家就不行了。要是人们没有读过他们的第一本书，下一本就基本无望了。Thats why Eterna Cadencia, an independent publisher and book store, decide tocreate something different to launch their new authors into the market. The bookscant wait. Hows that? We developed the unique kind of ink, an ink that starts todisappear when it comes in contact with light and air. Then we printed an anthologyof the best new American Latin author, using this ink, to create a new kind of book.A book that lasts only two months once you open it.既是独立出版商又是书店的 Eterna Cadencia 才会因此决定剑走偏锋，采用新方法来推出新- 5 -人作家。图书等不得，那怎么办呢？他们创造了一种新型墨水，之后用它来出版的拉美新人作家的一本文集。这种油墨一旦接触阳光和空气，就会慢慢消失。也就是说，这本书只能放 2个月，否则文字都会消失。We presented The book cant wait for the critics and the press. The inventionis a success. Hundreds of people came to the bookstore to pick up their book. We gaveaway the entire first edition. The very same it was released. We received thousandsof requests for the book.他们向评论家和出版社展示了等不起的图书这一发明。事实证明，它是成功的。成百上千的人来书店购买这种图书，乃至全线售罄。同样的图书一经出版，订单就纷至沓来。And the best results? This time we had the guaranteethat our new authors were read. Then when to use the bookas a platform for other different titles, becausetherere a lot of literatures out there that doesntdeserve to wait on the shelf. And ours wont wait atall.这就是最好的结果。新人作者的作品都得到了阅读。接下来，他们将以此为平台，延伸到其他类型的作品。还有很多其他的文学作品不能默默地在书架上蒙尘，它们的作者再不能等待时间的消磨。教育已成奢侈品教育已成奢侈品! !月薪月薪 3 3 万还撑不起孩子一个暑假万还撑不起孩子一个暑假? ?Whats the latest luxury status symbol in China? Its not a handbag by LouisVuitton or Gucci. According to Chinese parents, its their children. Shelling outasmallfortunefortheirchildrensschooling,summervacations,andextracurriculars is the latest trend for Chinese parents looking to distinguishthemselves.中国最新的奢侈品的标志是什么？不是路易威登或古驰的手提包。中国父母们表示，是他们的孩子。对中国父母而言，拿出一大笔钱用于孩子的学校教育、暑期和课外活动是他们彰显自己的最新趋势。This summer, an article titled, A Monthly Salary of 30,000 RMB ($4,493) is NotEnough for My Childs Summer Vacation went viral on WeChat Moments. Written by- 6 -a high-paid executive mom, it tells the story of how she can hardly keep up with theextravagant overseas summer programs that she lines up for her daughter.今年夏天， 一篇名为月薪 3 万， 还是撑不起孩子的一个暑假的文章在微信朋友圈疯传。这篇文章的作者是一位高薪的高管母亲，文章称，她为女儿安排了奢侈的海外暑期课程，但她的工资几乎满足不了这些课程的费用。The mother says the total cost of her daughters education for the summer is 35,000yuan, including 20,000yuanfor a 10-day US study tour and other tutoring classesthat cost up to 10,000yuan.这位母亲表示，她女儿的暑期教育总共花费了 35000 元，其中为期 10 天的美国学习之旅需要 20000 元，而其他辅导课程的费用共计达 10000 元。Immediately after the post was published, Chinese netizens responded furiously,with many Weibo users asking, Can an expensive summer vacation really make yourkids better than others?这篇帖子一经发出就引起了中国网民的激烈回应，许多微博用户问，昂贵的暑期课程真的就能让你的孩子比其他人更优秀吗？Other internet users wondered about the intentions of parents making such asacrifice. Is this to fulfil the parents vanity or to make the children happy?其他网友质疑父母们做出如此牺牲的目的。这是为了满足父母的虚荣心还是为了让孩子开心？Linda Xu strongly oppose such criticism. Xu, who works as an Operations Managerin an international automobile company in Beijing, said that she spent less than thatof the mom in the post, though the cost of different tutoring classes that she selectedfor her eight-year-old son to take during the summer definitely exceeded 20,000RMB.琳达徐强烈反对了这样的指责。徐女士在北京一家跨国汽车公司担任运营经理，她表示，虽然与帖子中的母亲相比，她的支出要少一些，但在暑假期间，她也为自己 8 岁的儿子选择了不同的辅导班，而所有的费用肯定超过了 20000 元。She rationalized her decision by saying, This is the luxury I didnt get toenjoy when I was young, and I hope to start early on my kids elite education sothat he can stand out among his peers as he grows older.- 7 -她解释了自己的决定，称这是我小时候没有享受到的奢侈，我希望我的孩子可以早早地接受精英教育，这样随着他慢慢长大，他就可以从同龄人中脱颖而出。According to a report on global education expenses, 93 percent of Chinese parentshave been paying for kids private schools, a figure surpassing that of the UnitedStates (46 percent), France (32 percent), and the United Kingdom, respectively, byat least 40 percent.一份关于全球教育费用的报告指出，93%的中国父母会为孩子支付私立学校的学费，而这一比例分别超过了美国（46%） 、法国（32%）和英国（至少 40%） 。The strong emphasis placed by Chinese parents on education has fueled the growthof the childrens education market in China lately. Whats more, there has beena myth among Chinese mothers that the quality of education is positively correlatedwith the price they pay. However, the loosely regulated education market means thatthe correlation is not always true.近来，中国父母对教育的重视刺激了中国教育市场的增长。而且在中国妈妈之间还有一个说法，那就是教育质量与他们支出的学费呈正相关。然而，监管松散的教育市场意味着这种相关性并不总是如此。This irrational phenomenon is unique to the middle class in China , writesYu Xiulan, the Professor of Education at Nanjing University .这种不合理的现象是中国中产阶级特有的，南京大学教育学教授余秀兰写道。She reasons that the countrys elite class doesnt have to worry about changingthe social status through education, whereas for lower-class households, they simplycannot afford it. Chinas middle class comes in between, whose anxiety about keepingtheir current social status urges them to spend a great deal of money in education,even at the expense of their quality of life, in order to make them feel secure.她解释道，中国的精英阶层不必担心教育会改变他们的社会地位，而对于平民阶层的家庭来说，他们根本就负担不起这样的教育支出。中国的中产阶级处于两者之间，他们对保持自身当前社会地位的担忧使他们在教育上投入了大量的资金，为了让自己觉得踏实，甚至不惜牺牲自己的生活质量。- 8 -高考试题一（2017 年新课标卷 I）题型体裁话题难度建议时间完形填空记叙文大学期间学习手语17 分钟While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspectsof life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this41process and found something that has changed my42at college for thebetter: I discovered ASL American Sign Language(美式手语).I never felt an urge to43any sign language before. My entire family ishearing, and so are all my friends. The44languages were enough in all myinteractions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my45for ASL.The46began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club47their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very48ofcommunicating without speaking49me. What I saw was completely unlike anythingI had experienced in the50. This newness just left me _51_ more.After that, feeling the need to52further, I decided to drop in on one- 9 -of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to53the alphabet that day. Yetinstead of being discouraged by my54progress, I was excited. I then made ita point to55those meetings and learn all I could.The following term, I56an ASL class. The professor was deaf and anytalking was57. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.58,if there had been any talking, it would have59us to learn less. Now, Iappreciate the silence and the60way of communication it opens.41. A. searchingB. planningC. naturalD. formal42. A. progressB. experienceC. majorD. opinion43. A. chooseB. readC. learnD. create44. A. officialB. foreignC. bodyD. spoken45. A. loveB. concernC. goalD.request46. A. meetingB. tripC. storyD. task47. A. recordedB. performedC. recitedD. discussed48. A. ideaB. amountC. dreamD. reason49. A. disturbedB. supportedC. embarrassedD. attracted50. A. endB. pastC. courseD. distance51. A. showingB. actingC. sayingD. wanting52. A. exerciseB. exploreC. express- 10 -D. explain53. A. printB. writeC. signD. count54. A. slowB. steadyC. normalD. obvious55. A. chairB. sponsorC. attendD. organize56. A. missedB. passedC. gave upD. registered for57. A. prohibitedB. welcomedC. ignoredD. repeated58. A. LastlyB. ThusC.InsteadD. However59. A. requiredB. causedC. allowedD. expected60. A. easyB. popularC.quickD. new【话题解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲的是与语言学习有关，文章讲述了作者在大学期间学习手语的经历。刚开始作者认为自己没有必要学习手语，直到有一次看到手语俱乐部的表演，作者深深地为之吸引，从而产生了学习手语的渴望。41.A【解析】考查形容词辨析。searching 寻找的，探索的；planning 计划的；natural 自然的； formal 正式的。 句意： 我自己经历了这个探索的过程。 根据前文 While high schooldoes not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, collegesets the stage for that exploration 可知大学为探索提供了舞台，所以这里指的是作者探索的过程。故选 A。42.B【解析】考查名词辨析。progress 进步；experience 经历；major 主修科目；opinion观点。句意：我发现有些东西改变了我的大学生活经历。故选 B。43.C【解析】考查动词辨析。choose 选择；read 看，读；learn 学习；create 创造。句意：我以前从没有过学习手语的冲动。故选 C。- 11 -45.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。love 热爱；concern 关心，顾虑；goal 目标；request 请求。句意： 我没想过我会发现自己对美式手语的热爱。 前文中 I never felt an urge to43any sign language before 表明作者以前从未想过学习手语，而根据后文内容可知作者非常喜欢手语。故选 A。46.C【解析】考查名词辨析。meeting 会议；trip 旅行；story 故事；task 任务。句意：故事发生在我上大学的第一周。分析语境可知在这里作者开始讲述在大学学习手语的事情，故选 C。47.B【解析】考查动词辨析。record 记录；perform 表现，表演；recite 背诵；discuss讨论。句意：我观看他们在 ASL 俱乐部表演一首歌的翻译。分析语境可知 ASL 俱乐部是手语俱乐部，因此他们应该是在用手语表演一首歌。故选 B。48.A【解析】考查名词辨析。idea 想法；amount 数量；dream 梦想；reason 原因。句意：手的动作和不用语言进行交流的想法吸引了我。分析语境可知作者当时在看手语表演，而手语就是为了帮助人们交流而设计的手势。故选 A。49.D【解析】考查动词辨析。 disturb 打扰；support 支持； embarrass 使难堪；attract吸引。分析语境可知 ASL 俱乐部的表演吸引了作者，否则作者也不会主动去学习手语。故选 D。50.B【解析】考查名词辨析。end 结束，末尾；past 过去；course 课程；distance 距离。句意：我所看到的和我在过去经历的事情完全不同。in the past 在过去。故选 B。52.B【解析】考查动词辨析。exercise 锻炼；explore 探索；express 表达；explain 解释。句意：在那之后，我感觉到想要探索更多(关于手语的东西)，于是我决定参加 ASL俱乐部的一次会议。故选 B。53.C【解析】考查动词辨析。print 打印；write 写；sign 签名，打手语；count 数。句意：那天我只学会了打字母表的手语。分析语境可知作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议，学会的应该是最基本的打字母表的手语。故选 C。- 12 -54.A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。slow 缓慢的；steady 平稳的；normal 正常的；obvious 明显的。句意：我并没有因为自己进步缓慢而沮丧，相反我很兴奋。因为作者只学会了打字母表的手语，所以进步是很慢的。故选 A。55.C 【解析】 考查动词辨析。 chair 主持， 使入座； sponsor 赞助； attend 参加； organize组织。句意：之后我下定决心参加俱乐部所有的会议，学习我能学习的一切。attend ameeting 参加会议。故选 C。56.D【解析】考查动词辨析。miss 错过，想念；pass 通过；give up 放弃；register for报名，注册。句意：接下来的一个学期，我报名上了一个手语班。故选 D。57.A【解析】考查动词辨析。prohibit 禁止；welcome 欢迎；ignore 忽视；repeat 重复。句意：教授的耳朵听不见，任何口语交流都是禁止的。根据后文 if there had beenany talking 可知在课堂上禁止用口语交流。故选 A。58.C【解析】考查副词辨析。lastly 最后，终于；thus 因此，如此；instead 反而，相反地；however 然而。句意：反而，如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少。根据前文 I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.可知作者很快意识到安静并不是令人不愉快的，反而有口语交流会影响他们学习手语。故选 C。60.D【解析】考查形容词辨析。easy 简单的；popular 受欢迎的；quick 快速的；new 新的。句意：现在我很感激当时的安静，并且享受它带来的一种新的交流方式。分析语境可知手语对于作者来说是一种新的交流方式，故选 D。高考试题二（2017 年新课标卷 I）题型体裁话题难度建议时间书面表达应用文告知下次上课的计划18 分钟假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友 Leslie 学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：（1）时间和地点；（2）内容：学习唐诗；（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。注意：- 13 -1. 词数 100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Leslie，I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and youare interested in Chinese culture. Now Ill tell you the next learning programme.On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interestedin in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understandthe true meaning and the culture of them. Therefore, before class, you can read somebooks related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems.Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems.Best wishes.Yours，Li Hua【思路点拨】随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的文档次。高考试题三（2017 年江苏卷）题型体裁话题难度建议时间阅读理解说明文鸟儿胎教6 分钟Before birth, babies can tell the difference betweenloud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish theirmothers voice from that of a female stranger. But whenit comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could rule theroost. As recently reported inThe Auk: OrnithologicalAdvances, some mother birds may teach their young to singeven before they hatch (孵化). New-born chicks can thenimitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world.- 14 -This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, abiologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. FemaleAustralian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again whilehatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirpto their mothersa sound that served as their regular feed me! call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researcherssought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First theycollected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and afterhatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number ofnotes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like theirmoms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar werethe babies begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment thatsuggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice wererewarded with the most food.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inferencecan then be drawn. As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you investin children that are in need? Kleindorfer asks. Our results suggest that theymight be going for quality.58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means_.A. be the worstB. be the bestC. be the as badD. be just as good59. What are Kleindorfers findings based on?A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.C. The data collected from Queenslands locals.D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich- 15 -_.A. can receive quality signalsB. are in need of trainingC. fit the environment betterD. make the loudest call【话题解读】文章大意：文章介绍了鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领。实验发现鸟儿在孵化时不停地鸣叫是为了教会以后出生的雏鸟歌唱的本领，从而挑选出能够适应环境的雏鸟。58. B【解析】根据第二段when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similarchirp to their mothers可知，鸟儿在孵化小鸟的时候，鸣叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被孵化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎教。59. A【解析】根据第三段the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, anotherspecies of Australian songbird.可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查，排除 B 项；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除 D 项。根据倒数第三段中的A computeranalysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking themby similarity.可知，A 项正确。高考试题四（2016 年北京卷）题型体裁话题难度建议时间阅读理解说明文大学并不是温暖的家，也不能成为学生的家6 分钟WhyWhy CollegeCollege IsIs NotNot HomeHomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, nowthey are becoming anextended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are notshouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;- 16 -guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. Inthe past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family,thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Someparents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of collegeas a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility,universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environmentas that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a timeof exploration and experimentation. This process involves trying on new waysof thinking about oneself bother intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. Whilewe should provide safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe toexpress opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibilityare fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a collegecommunity(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a senseof belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behaviorand thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity withina larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behaviorruns up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to beingcontrolled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators areseeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly whenthere are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at timesof national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescentsdesire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there isthe desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experienceintellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior- 17 -should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy andself-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.67. Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to collegestudents?A. Sympathetic.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Neutral.68. The underlined word passage in Paragraph 2 means _.A. changeB. choiceC. textD. extension69. According to the author, what role should college play?A. To develop a shared identity among students.B. To define and regulate students social behavior.C. To provide a safe world without tension for students.D. To foster students intellectual and personal development.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point( 次 要 点 )C:Conclusion67.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段The college years are supposed to be a time- 18 -for importa
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