资源描述
Unit 4Global warming全球变暖全球变暖基础盘点自测自评基础盘点自测自评1Its said that the plan has received _(普遍的普遍的) support throughout the country.widespread2There is a growing _(倾向；趋势倾向；趋势)to regard money more highly than quality of life.3The new computer system should solve a whole _(范围；种类范围；种类)of problems.tendencyrange4Although close to tears，she tried to make her voice sound _(随便的；漫不经心的随便的；漫不经心的)5_(温和的温和的)weather is pleasant because it is neither extremely hot nor extremely cold.casualMild6If our business is to survive，we must be able to adapt to changing _(环境环境)7We_(提倡提倡)using cloth or paper bags instead of plastic ones.circumstancesadvocate8Janes work is above _(平均的平均的)while Bobs is very much below it.9We_(分歧；不一分歧；不一致致)with each other on the matter，but it is urgent to reach the _(协议协议)，for we dont have much time left.averagedisagreeagreement10用用educate的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)He was_at a very good school in his teens.(2)No country can afford to neglect the_of its young people.(3)They engaged a young _to teach them Spanish.educatededucationeducator1_发生；造成发生；造成2_ 同意；赞成；同意；赞成；订购订购3_ 大量的大量的4_ 上升；增长；上升；增长；升起升起5_ 导致导致come aboutsubscribe toquantities ofgo upresult in6_ 反对反对7_ 即使即使8_ 继续继续9_ 大体上；基本大体上；基本上上be opposed toeven ifkeep onon the whole10_ 代表代表一方；作为一方；作为的代言人的代言人11_ 忍受；容忍受；容忍忍12_ 只要只要13_ 等等等等on behalf ofput up withso long asand so on1there be no doubt that结构结构_(毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和和)There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer.2现在分词作结果状语现在分词作结果状语It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere _(引起全球气温上升引起全球气温上升)causing the global temperature to go up3even if引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句_(即使我们开始减少即使我们开始减少的含的含量量)carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.Even if we start reducing the amount of4as/so long as的用法的用法It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on _(只要你在用它只要你在用它)if not，turn it off!so long as you are using it5it作形式主语代指不定式的用法作形式主语代指不定式的用法_ (需要花费大量能源需要花费大量能源)to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.It takes a lot of energyit用法用法()1(2012南昌模拟南昌模拟)The police were seeking more information to find out_the rich merchant.Awho it was that killedBwho was it that killedCit was who killed Dwho was it killed解析：选解析：选A。考查强调句型。强调句。考查强调句型。强调句型的疑问句结构为：疑问词型的疑问句结构为：疑问词is itthat.而这里是强调句的疑问句结构而这里是强调句的疑问句结构作宾语，故用正常的陈述语序，所以作宾语，故用正常的陈述语序，所以答案为答案为A。2(2012厦门市质量检查厦门市质量检查)It is the test system，rather than the teachers，_is to blame for the students heavy burden nowadays.Awho BthisCthat Dwhom解析：选解析：选C。考查强调句型。本句强。考查强调句型。本句强调的是主语调的是主语the test system而不是而不是the teachers，因此不能用，因此不能用who，只，只能用能用that。3(2012江西九校模拟江西九校模拟)_you found out the accident which happened a month ago?By looking into it.AIt was where that BWas it how thatCHow was it that DWas it what that解析：选解析：选C。考查强调句型在疑问句。考查强调句型在疑问句中的用法。根据回答可以知道应该用中的用法。根据回答可以知道应该用how，而在特殊疑问句中语序应该用，而在特殊疑问句中语序应该用部分倒装，强调句式的搭配为部分倒装，强调句式的搭配为How is/was it that.。4(2012东城第一学期检测东城第一学期检测)Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find_hard to survive in the wild.Ait BthatCso Dvery解析：选解析：选A。在。在think/feel/find等词后等词后,常接常接it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面，所以答案为在后面，所以答案为A。其实，该句。其实，该句还可以转换为：还可以转换为：Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find that it is hard to survive in the wild.。5Can I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself?No problem.I like _when people are open and direct.Athat BthisCit Dthem解析：选解析：选C。考查代词。考查代词it的用法。的用法。I like it when.是固定句式，表示是固定句式，表示“我喜我喜欢欢”，it无实义。无实义。考点串讲讲练互动考点串讲讲练互动1quantityn量；数量；数目，数额量；数量；数目，数额(教材教材P26) The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向当我们向空气中排放大量多余的二氧化碳的时候，空气中排放大量多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始产生了。问题就开始产生了。归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)in quantity(in large amounts)大量；很多大量；很多(2)a large/small quantity of 大量的大量的/少量的少量的quantities of 大量；许多大量；许多辨析辨析qual质量质量/quan数量数量qual质量质量quan数量数量名名quality质，质量质，质量 quantity量，数量量，数量动动qualify使符合使符合质量要求质量要求quantify确定确定的数量，量化的数量，量化形形qualitative(性性)质的，定性的质的，定性的quantitative(数数)量的，定量的量的，定量的(朗文朗文P1667)The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.大批量购买这些卡片要便宜大批量购买这些卡片要便宜些。些。A large quantity of good earth is being washed away in this area every year.每年这个地区大量沃土被每年这个地区大量沃土被冲走。冲走。Large quantities of water are badly needed here.这里急需大量的水。这里急需大量的水。【温馨提示温馨提示】(1)a quantity of或或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。接不可数名词。(2)“a quantity of名词名词”作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of名词名词”作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。2opposevt.反对；反抗；与反对；反抗；与(某人某人)较量较量(教材教材P27)On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.另一方面，也有像乔治另一方面，也有像乔治汉布利这样的汉布利这样的科学家反对这一观点并且认为我们不科学家反对这一观点并且认为我们不用担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。用担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。( 1 ) o p p o s e s t h . / d o i n g sth./sb.doing sth.反对某事反对某事/做某事做某事/某人做某事某人做某事object to (doing)sth.反对反对(做做)某事某事(2)be opposed to反对反对归纳拓展归纳拓展To be honest，I oppose your going there alone.说实话，我反对你独自一人去那儿。说实话，我反对你独自一人去那儿。Many people opposed the idea of building a new highway because of the great cost.由于需要巨额开支，许多人反对另修由于需要巨额开支，许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。一条新公路的主意。(朗文朗文P1437) Most company bosses say they are_opposed_to employees working a lot of overtime.大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。繁加班。3averageadj.平均的；普通的；正平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的常的；平常的n平均数；平均水平；平均数；平均水平；一般水准一般水准v计算出计算出的平均数的平均数(教材教材P29)The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15.温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在在15。归纳拓展归纳拓展Dont expect too much of him.After all，he is a child of average intelligence.不要对他期望太大，毕竟，他的智力不要对他期望太大，毕竟，他的智力水平一般。水平一般。On_average，people who dont smoke are healthier than people who do.通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。健康。Toms work at school is above (the) average，while Harrys is below (the) average.汤姆在学校的汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上功课在一般以上,而哈利的功课在一般而哈利的功课在一般以下。以下。4glancevi.看一下，扫视看一下，扫视n一一瞥瞥(教材教材P27)Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.快速浏览一下这篇杂志文章，然后回快速浏览一下这篇杂志文章，然后回答问题。答问题。归纳拓展归纳拓展(全国高考全国高考)But，as he glanced down the page，a notice caught his eye.但他往下浏览时，有则布告吸引了他但他往下浏览时，有则布告吸引了他的眼球。的眼球。(牛津牛津P863)At_first_glance，the problem seemed easy.乍一看问题似乎很简单。乍一看问题似乎很简单。I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。多熟悉的面孔。5circumstancen环境；情况环境；情况(通通常用作复数形式常用作复数形式)(教材教材P30)Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。塑料袋和报纸。in/under the circumstances在这种在这种情况下；情况既然如此情况下；情况既然如此in/under no circumstances决不，决不，无论如何都不无论如何都不(放句首时主句用倒装语放句首时主句用倒装语序序)归纳拓展归纳拓展(牛津牛津P344)Under_the_circumstances,it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。的情况似乎更好。(牛津牛津P344)Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.你无论如何都不能你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。借钱给保罗。Circumstances permitting，Ill go abroad to study.情况允许的话，我要出国学习。情况允许的话，我要出国学习。跟踪训练跟踪训练.完成句子完成句子1_(匆匆看匆匆看了了之后之后)at the patient the doctor rang for an ambulance.After a quick glance2We _(坚决反对坚决反对)helping the young man addicted to alcohol.3The child was born deformed _(由于由于)an injury to its mother.are firmly opposed toin consequence of4Rose lost her job again.Dont worry.There is _(大量工作大量工作)for girls of her age.5_(按平均按平均)，men smoke more cigarettes than women in China.a quantity of workOn average.单项填空单项填空1(2012江苏盐城中学检测江苏盐城中学检测)Under no circumstances，I was warned，_to give the password to someone else.Acould IBI couldCI was Dwas I解析：选解析：选D。考查倒装语序。带有否。考查倒装语序。带有否定词的短语定词的短语Under no circumstances 位于句首时，句子应位于句首时，句子应该采用部分倒装的形式；因为本句的该采用部分倒装的形式；因为本句的谓语动词是不定式谓语动词是不定式,因此选因此选D。2Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water_.Ahave polluted Bis being pollutedChas been polluted Dhave been polluted解析：选解析：选D。本题考查时态、语态及主。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。句意：谓一致问题。句意：这湖水怎么这这湖水怎么这么难闻？么难闻？因为大量的水已经被污染因为大量的水已经被污染了。了。water与与pollute为被动关系，故排为被动关系，故排除除A项；项；B项表示项表示“正被污染正被污染”，故排除；，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动后加名词，谓语动词应与词应与quantities保持一致，故排除保持一致，故排除C项，答案为项，答案为D项。项。3(2010高考江西卷高考江西卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n)_ of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dquantity解析：选解析：选A。an average of.平均平均是是。句意为：去年毕业就有驾照。句意为：去年毕业就有驾照的学生人数达到的学生人数达到20万，平均每年万，平均每年4万。万。4Father is strongly opposed _ shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people.Ato do Bto doingCof doing Dwith doing解析：选解析：选B。考查。考查be opposed to (doing) sth.短语。短语。be opposed to (doing) sth.“反对反对”，其中，其中to为为介词，后跟名词或动名词。介词，后跟名词或动名词。5(2011高考天津卷高考天津卷)He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.Abelow BofCon Dabove解析：选解析：选D。句意为：他是个好学生。句意为：他是个好学生,而且大部分课程的成绩高于平均分。而且大部分课程的成绩高于平均分。本题考查介词辨析。本题考查介词辨析。above average高于平均水平；高于平均水平；below average低于低于平均水平；平均水平；on average按平均计算。按平均计算。根据根据a good student可知可知D项正确。项正确。1come about发生；造成发生；造成(教材教材P26)So how has this come about and does it matter?那么，这种温度的升高是怎么产生的那么，这种温度的升高是怎么产生的呢？会有什么影响呢？呢？会有什么影响呢？(牛津牛津P386)Can you tell me how the accident came_about？你能？你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？Ill never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。到一个小时。辨析辨析come about/happen/take place/break outcome about“发生，产生发生，产生”，通常与，通常与how连连用。用。happen“发生发生”，指偶然的、意外的事，指偶然的、意外的事情发生。情发生。take place“发生发生”，指事件或事故的发生，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中，进而引申为按计划是在预料中，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行进行，举行”。break out指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生，爆发发生，爆发”。巧思妙解巧思妙解用用come about，happen，take place，break out填空填空(1)A fire _during the night and caused a great damage.broke out(2)Luckily the earthquake didnt _in the center of the city.(3)How did it _ that the dairy products were harmful to children?happencome about(4)Great changes _ in our school in the past few years.have taken place2result in导致导致(教材教材P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。增加。result from.由由造成；因造成；因而而产生产生as a result结果结果as a result of.由于由于的结果的结果with the result that.其结果是其结果是归纳拓展归纳拓展辨析辨析result in/result from一一言言辨辨异异Global warming results from the burning of fossil fuels，such as petroleum products，resulting in the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.全球变暖是燃烧石油等矿物燃全球变暖是燃烧石油等矿物燃料引起的，从而导致了温室气体被排放到大料引起的，从而导致了温室气体被排放到大气中。气中。His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams.他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。成绩。However，pollution and other serious problems have also resulted_from human progress.但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。他严重的问题。(牛津牛津P1702)He made one big mistake,and as a result，lost his job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。About 21 million people died during the 1990s as_a_result_of smoking.20世纪世纪90年代约有年代约有2,100万万人死于吸烟。人死于吸烟。3put up with容忍；忍受容忍；忍受(教材教材P30)We do not have to put up with pollution.我们没必要忍受污染。我们没必要忍受污染。归纳拓展归纳拓展(牛津牛津P1615)Im not going to put up with their smoking any longer.我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。We are trying to put_aside some money every month for our vacation.我们尽量每月存些钱供度假我们尽量每月存些钱供度假用。用。One moment please，Im just trying to put you through.请等一下，我这就给你接通电话。请等一下，我这就给你接通电话。跟踪训练跟踪训练.选词填空选词填空come about；subscribe to；put up with；glance at；on behalf of；on the whole1I dont know how it _ that she came late on Mondays.2Its my honor to give a speech to the advanced teachers here _ my company.came abouton behalf of3There were one or two unsatisfactory moments，but _our holiday was very enjoyable.4The noise coming from outside is reaching a point where we will no longer be able to_it.on the wholeput up with5Jacobs does not _ the belief that people are basically good.6He _ me but he kept on talking with the others，putting me in an embarrassing situation.subscribe toglanced at.单项填空单项填空1(2011高考课标全国卷高考课标全国卷)I can _ the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.Acome up with Bput up withCturn to Dstick to解析：选解析：选B。句意为：我可以忍受房。句意为：我可以忍受房间乱点儿，但我讨厌它不干净。本间乱点儿，但我讨厌它不干净。本题考查动词短语辨析。题考查动词短语辨析。A：提出，想：提出，想出；出；B：忍受；：忍受；C：求助于，转向；：求助于，转向；D：坚持，忠于。由句意可知此处应：坚持，忠于。由句意可知此处应填填“忍受忍受”，故答案为，故答案为B项。项。2(2012无锡市高三检测无锡市高三检测)How does it _ that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary?Acome about Bcome alongCcome out Dcome up解析：选解析：选A。考查动词短语。句意为：他。考查动词短语。句意为：他收入不错，怎么还会如此贫穷呢？收入不错，怎么还会如此贫穷呢？come out表示表示“发行，被人获知发行，被人获知”；come up表示表示“走近，走近，(问题或困难问题或困难)出出现现”；come along表示表示“出现，进出现，进展展”。come about表示表示“发生发生”，符，符合题意。合题意。3Her efforts resulted_her success while her brothers failure resulted_his laziness.Afrom；from Bfrom；inCin；from Din；in解析：选解析：选C。考查介词。考查介词。result in导导致；致；result from因因而产生，而产生，由由造成。造成。4(2010高考大纲全国卷高考大纲全国卷)My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.Aput away Bput upCput on Dput together解析：选解析：选A。句意为：我妈妈打开抽。句意为：我妈妈打开抽屉把刀子和勺子放好。屉把刀子和勺子放好。put away把把放好；放好；put up举起，升起；举起，升起；put on穿上穿上(衣服衣服)，上演；，上演；put together把把放在一起。由题意知放在一起。由题意知选选A。1(教材教材P30)It_takes_a_lot_of_energy_to make things from new materials.用新材料造东西需要大量能源用新材料造东西需要大量能源【点津点津】句中句中it为形式主语，为形式主语，take意意为为“需要需要/消耗消耗( (时间、劳力等时间、劳力等) )”，take作此含义时通常不可用于被动式。作此含义时通常不可用于被动式。To be honest，it_takes_great_courage to tell the truth.老实说，说出真相需要很大勇气。老实说，说出真相需要很大勇气。It takes perseverance and courage to become a successful man.成为一个成功的人需要毅力和勇成为一个成功的人需要毅力和勇气。气。2(教材教材P30)It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using itif_not，turn it off！在使用电器设备时你可在使用电器设备时你可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！【点津点津】( (1) )so long asas long as “只要只要”，引导条件状语从句。，引导条件状语从句。( (2) )if not在本句中是在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式。的省略形式。if so如果这样如果这样if any若有若有if necessary如果有必要如果有必要You may borrow the book so long as/as long as you keep it clean.只只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。I dont care about the price so_long_as the car is in good condition.我不计较价钱，只要车很好我不计较价钱，只要车很好用就行了。用就行了。【温馨提示温馨提示】as long as 只能用于只能用于肯定句，而肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。句又能用于否定句。as long as 还可还可意为意为“与与一样长，长达一样长，长达”。I think the train leaves at midday.Youd better take a taxi.If not,maybe youll miss it.我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。否则可能会误车的。Have you got a free evening next week？If_so，lets have dinner together.下周你哪个晚上没事？如果没有事，下周你哪个晚上没事？如果没有事，我们去吃饭吧。我们去吃饭吧。Take this camera with you，if necessary.如果有必要，带上照相机去吧。如果有必要，带上照相机去吧。跟踪训练跟踪训练1(2012湖南长沙长郡中学月考湖南长沙长郡中学月考)If the food tastes nice，well buy some；if _，_.Ano；no Bnot；notCnot；no Dno；not解析：选解析：选B。考查省略。全句应为：。考查省略。全句应为：If the food doesnt taste nice，we wont buy any。2Perseverance is a kind of qualityand thats what_to do anything well.Aone takes Bone is takenCit takes Dit is taken解析：选解析：选C。句意为：毅力是一种品。句意为：毅力是一种品质，是一种做好任何事情都需要的品质，是一种做好任何事情都需要的品质。表语从句中隐含一个句型：质。表语从句中隐含一个句型：It takes .to do sth.。3(2012郑州六校质量检测郑州六校质量检测)My students，_ you have a heart loving life，you always can find things that would make you happy each day.Aas long as Bif onlyCas though Deven though解析：选解析：选A。考查连词用法。句意为：。考查连词用法。句意为：我的学生们，只要你们有一颗热爱生活我的学生们，只要你们有一颗热爱生活的心，你们每天总能发现让你们开心的的心，你们每天总能发现让你们开心的事情。事情。as long as表示表示“只要只要”。后三。后三项分别表示项分别表示“但愿但愿”“”“似乎似乎”“”“即使即使”，都不符合句意。都不符合句意。4(2012江西省九江市第二次联江西省九江市第二次联考考)_ I know，the computer can never take the place of the human brain.AEven if BIn caseCAs long as DAs far as解析：选解析：选D。考查状语从句。根据语。考查状语从句。根据语意判断选意判断选D，as far as引导状语从句引导状语从句时时,意为意为“就就而言而言”，as far as I know意为意为“据我所知据我所知”。句意为：。句意为：据我所知，电脑永远也代替不了人脑。据我所知，电脑永远也代替不了人脑。
展开阅读全文