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PRE-LISTENING Isaac Newton 16421727 英国物理学家英国物理学家 经典物理学理论体系的建立者经典物理学理论体系的建立者 1665年创立微分；年创立微分；1666年开始研究积分。年开始研究积分。1666年年, 开始想到研究重力开始想到研究重力(gravity)问题，问题，苹果落地的传说，也是在此时发生的轶苹果落地的传说，也是在此时发生的轶事。其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年事。其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间（期间（22至至23岁）岁形成的。岁）岁形成的。1669年，年，把把自然哲学的数学原理自然哲学的数学原理，宇宙体宇宙体系系等手稿送到剑桥大学图书馆收藏。等手稿送到剑桥大学图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。晚年研究宗教。ALBERT EINSTEIN (18791955) 质量质量(m)和能量和能量(E)的相当性：的相当性：Emc2 爱因斯坦爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相在量子论、分子运动论、相对论对论(Theory of Relativity)等物理学的三等物理学的三个不同领域取得了历史性成就，特别是个不同领域取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出，狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了物理学理论的革命，他对社会进推动了物理学理论的革命，他对社会进步事业也有重要贡献。步事业也有重要贡献。霍金霍金 born in 1942 斯蒂芬斯蒂芬藿金藿金是当今科学界的一位传是当今科学界的一位传奇性人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被奇性人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想誉为继爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家，还在于家和最杰出的理论物理学家，还在于他是在常人无法想象的身体状况下进他是在常人无法想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性工作的。行研究和创造性工作的。black hole 黑洞黑洞 黑洞黑洞并非只是吞噬物质。除了会并非只是吞噬物质。除了会在星系形成的过程中扮演重要角色外，在星系形成的过程中扮演重要角色外，在经过一段相当漫长的时间后，黑洞在经过一段相当漫长的时间后，黑洞也会把一些曾被它吸入的物质信息向也会把一些曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。外界释放出来。Now were going to listen to a talk about the theories of gravity. Listen carefully and try to get the main idea of it.Listening Summary B is correct because it gives a clear idea of what the listening passage is about. Summary A is not true. The three scientists wanted to explain how the universe worked and not how it began. Summary C is too general and does not give enough detail about what the listening passage is about.Choose the best summary.Listen to Part 1 again and fill in the first column of the chart.Isaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen HawkingIdea Large bodies have a force which pulls things towards themIn space large objects make space and time bend; the larger the object, the further space and time bendsBlack holes have a very large mass and pull things towards them towards their edge.Isaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen HawkingDevelopment The bigger the object the stronger the gravity.Time goes slower in very strong gravity.If you go over the edge, you cannot get out; but if you do not, you may be able to escape.spacewalkLook at the pictures! READ AND THEN DESCRIBE THE THREE WAYS IN WHICH GRAVITY CHANGED FOR LI YANPING AND HOW HIS WEIGHT CHANGED.1. The pull of gravity became very strong she left the earths atmosphere. His weight is normal.2. It disappeared when he was in space. He is weightless.3. It was very light when he was on the moon. He weighs less than on earth.1. Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. 上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友, 一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。Language points enough 的用法的用法: 1) 用作代词：作主语或宾语。用作代词：作主语或宾语。 You have done more than enough. 你已做得够多了。你已做得够多了。 I have had enough. Thank you. 我吃的已经够多的了，谢谢。我吃的已经够多的了，谢谢。2) 形容词作定语：形容词作定语：enough用在名词前、用在名词前、后都可以。后都可以。 I have enough time to do the work. / I have time enough to do the work. 我有足够的时间做此项工作。我有足够的时间做此项工作。3) 用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度: enough 一般放在形容词或副词的后边。一般放在形容词或副词的后边。 long enough, easy enough, fast enough, quickly enough 等。等。 但一般不说：但一般不说：enough long, enough easy, enough fast, enough quickly. The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子到上学的年龄了。这孩子到上学的年龄了。 He couldnt run quickly enough to catch up with the cat. 他跑的速度太慢，追不上猫。他跑的速度太慢，追不上猫。4) 用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。之后。 The meat is not cooked enough. 肉炖得不够熟。肉炖得不够熟。 If I had _ _ (足够长的假期足够长的假期), Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.a long enough holiday / anenough long holiday 2. Then we were off. 随后我们就启程了。随后我们就启程了。 be off = set off 出发；动身出发；动身 I am off today. 我今天不用上班。我今天不用上班。 We are off today. 今天我们不上班今天我们不上班/今天我们不开张。今天我们不开张。 set . off 送送行行 kick off 踢球踢球 jump off 跳下跳下 give off 散发散发 show off 炫耀炫耀shut off 关闭关闭get off 下车下车take off 脱下脱下turn off 关闭关闭pay off 付清；还清付清；还清与与 off 相关的短语相关的短语:3. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. 当我们更接近月球时当我们更接近月球时, 就会感到月球的引就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是力在拉我们。但是, 月球的引力不像地球月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。的引力那么大。 get close to 靠近，接近，指动态变化靠近，接近，指动态变化 be close to 距距.近，指状态近，指状态 The school is close to the post office.与与 get 相关的短语相关的短语:get along 相处融洽，进展等相处融洽，进展等get down to 开始认真对待，开始认真开始认真对待，开始认真 考虑考虑get on 上车上车get through 到达；通过；办完，花光到达；通过；办完，花光 (钱、时间等钱、时间等)get to 到达到达1. Dont talk too much. Lets _working.2. Hurry up, or well be late to _ the bus.get down toget on get down to get on get toget through get over get up 3. Its easy to _ the difficulty.4. I have _ a lot of papers.5. She managed to _ the village.get overgot throughget to4. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 1) “A + be + 倍数倍数 + as + 形容词原级形容词原级 + as + B” This tree is three times as tall as that one. His father is twice as old as he.2) “A + be + 倍数倍数 + 形容词比较级形容词比较级 + than + B ” The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 The number of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs. 我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。三倍。3) “A + be + 倍数倍数 + the + 名词名词 (size, length, amount) + of + B” The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 Do you regret _ (pay) 100 dollars for the painting? No, I would gladly have paid _ (两倍那么多了两倍那么多了) for it.payingtwice as much讲解讲解: regret 后跟动名词的一般式、完后跟动名词的一般式、完成式和不定式的完成式都表示对过去成式和不定式的完成式都表示对过去做过的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般做过的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示对即将做的事情感到遗憾，常式表示对即将做的事情感到遗憾，常用来表达委婉。用来表达委婉。twice as much 为倍数为倍数的表达法，在这里为省略形式，相当的表达法，在这里为省略形式，相当于于 twice as much as that。5. . “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” .既然引力改变了，走路也的确需要既然引力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。练一练了。 now that 同同 since 相似，语气较弱，相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。强调人们已知的事实。 Translation:1. 既然你忙既然你忙, 就让我给你做吧。就让我给你做吧。Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.2. 既然人都齐了既然人都齐了, 咱们开始干吧。咱们开始干吧。Now that everyone is here lets start work.6. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. break out 它与它与 happen, take place, come out 等等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。带宾语，不能用于被动语态。1) 战争爆发战争爆发 The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美国内战爆发于美国内战爆发于1861年。年。2) 发生争吵发生争吵 A quarrel broke out between them. 他们之间发生了争吵。他们之间发生了争吵。3) (火灾火灾)发生发生 A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。昨晚他家里失火了。考点考点 break out 通常指战争、疾病、灾害等通常指战争、疾病、灾害等的爆发。不及物动词短语，不能用于的爆发。不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。被动语态。I was still sleeping when the fire _, and then it spread quickly.A. broke out B. put outC. came out D. got out点拨点拨 put out 扑灭；扑灭；come out出来出来, 出出版；版；get out（使）出来。由（使）出来。由it spread quickly（火迅速蔓延）可知选（火迅速蔓延）可知选A。 break down 打破打破; 毁掉毁掉; 破除破除; 坍塌坍塌; 坏掉坏掉 break in 破门而入破门而入; 打断打断break away from 脱离脱离; 打破陈规打破陈规与与 break 相关的短语相关的短语:break through 突围突围; 突破突破; 冲垮冲垮; 克服克服break up 打碎打碎; 拆散拆散; 分裂分裂; 分解分解break ones word / promise食言食言; 说话不算数说话不算数I. 选用方框内合适的词或短语，并用其适选用方框内合适的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。当形式填空。(其中有一个多余选项其中有一个多余选项) 1. There was a _ of people around the club entrance.2. You ought to have a good rest _ youve finished the work. massnow thatfloat now that mass pullget the hang of watch out3. She spent the afternoon _ on her back in the pool.4. It seems difficult at first, but youll soon _ it.5. You have to _ because there are land-mines all over the place.watch outfloatingget the hang of float now that mass pullget the hang of watch outII. 根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。 1. 老师幽默的讲话让我们很振奋老师幽默的讲话让我们很振奋, 之后班之后班里的气氛也轻松起来。里的气氛也轻松起来。(atmosphere; cheer up)The atmosphere in the classroom relaxed after the teachers humorous talk cheered us up. 3. 让我们十分失望的是让我们十分失望的是, 战争最终在那两战争最终在那两个国家之间爆发了。个国家之间爆发了。(to ones disappointment; break out) Now that we have finished the design, the company will do the construction in its turn.2. 既然我们已经完成了设计既然我们已经完成了设计, 就该由公司就该由公司来进行建设了。来进行建设了。(now that; in ones turn) To our great disappointment, a war broke out between the two countries at last. 6. 我感觉风从一扇敞开的窗子里正往我我感觉风从一扇敞开的窗子里正往我脸上吹。脸上吹。(feel . doing)5. 这个小女孩看见他偷了那本书这个小女孩看见他偷了那本书, 这件事这件事是真的。是真的。(watch . do)Its true that the girl watched him steal that book. I felt the wind blowing on my face from an open window.HOMEWORK Collect passages about gravity.Prepare for speaking.
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