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2020年精编人教版英语资料课时跟踪检测(五)Warming Up & Reading Language Points.单句语法填空1He had to continue to learn something to equip himself under the stress of losing a job.2There was a campaign to ban smoking (smoke) in public places.3Once they get into the habit, they wont quit doing (do) it.4It wont be easy to put the changes into effect.5He is desperate for a glass of water.6She was ashamed to_ask (ask) such a simple question.7Mum said it was time to_wash (wash) hands and have lunch.8Her son addicted himself to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.9Having moved to the northeast of China, I had to be accustomed to the dry weather.10I feel like going (go) to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.完成句子1He stressed_the_importance_of good education.他强调了良好教育的重要性。2After the accident, he was_banned_from driving alone.那次事故后，他被禁止独自驾车。3It was very difficult for_my_father_to_quit_smoking,_who smoked for 30 years, but in the end he did manage it.尽管戒烟对30年烟龄的父亲来说很难，但最终他确实戒掉了。4His words had_no_effect_on me yesterday.昨天，他的话对我没有影响。5He was_ashamed_of having lied to her.他因对她说了谎而感到内疚。6Every_time_I_meet_with_him,_he always carries his notebook computer.我每次见他，他总是随身带着他的笔记本电脑。7It is said that many teenagers are_addicted_to cigarettes nowadays.据说，现代很多青少年对香烟上瘾。8It took me a while to_accustom_myself_to all the new rules and regulations.我花了一段时间才让自己逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。9The young man hopes to live as_simple_a_life_as his grandpa.这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过着俭朴的生活。10It_is_(high)_time_that we did something to prevent the environment from being polluted.确实到了我们采取措施阻止环境被污染的时候了。.阅读理解AMost people looking for ways to quit smoking worry about weight gain, and with good reason. Smokers who quit tend to pack on an average of 5 pounds after they stop smoking cigarettes. A new study, published by the journal Science, explains why this happens.The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetiteregulating neurons (调节食欲的神经元) in the brain, besides the receptors (感受器) that bring about addiction.These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed, but under the influence of nicotine, they lose their selfcontrol.This is why when smokers quit, they tend to eat more and gain weight.The researchers believe that their discovery will lead to the development of drugs that aim at nicotine receptors on brain cells that control appetite.In the future, weight gain may no longer be a reason for smokers to delay the decision to kick the habit, but thats no reason to wait.Nicotinereplacement treatment, while not for everyone, can help.Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.Drink water.To improve metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates which is helpful in losing weight, make half of those glasses ice water. Juice can be too high in calories, something youll want to keep an eye on your journey toward being a slimmer nonsmoker.Plan your snacks. Healthy snacks help keep your metabolism working, so you continue to burn calories while stopping wild hunger pain, or fake hunger.Keep moving.Exercise kills two birds with one stone.It helps you burn calories and prevents you from eating when youre not truly hungry.Its also a feelgood stress reliever (缓解物)Focus on your fitness and how being healthy makes you feel.Make exercise a goal and think of quitting as your reward for being physically fit.语篇解读：为什么戒烟后人会发胖？该如何应对戒烟后发胖的问题呢？1Which of the following changes peoples appetite according to the new research?ANicotine.BAppetiteregulating neurons.CThe receptors that bring about addiction.DThe food that has been consumed.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在尼古丁的作用下，调节食欲的神经元失控，故归根结底，是尼古丁“改变”了人们的食欲。2The author believes that _.Aice water can improve metabolic ratesBsmokers should eat fewer snacks to keep slimCstress can lead to fake hungerDexercise can help one eat less解析：选A细节理解题。由文章倒数第四段“To improve metabolic rates . ice water.”可知，A项正确。3According to the passage, we can infer that _.Aexercise helps you burn calories and makes you not want to eatBspeeding up metabolic rates is helpful to lose weightCit is nicotine that regulates how much food gets consumedDdrinking water is good to reduce the stress解析：选B推理判断题。由第四段第二句可知，加快新陈代谢的速度可以帮助减轻体重，故B项正确。4The purpose of the text is _.Ato introduce the result of a new studyBto explain the reason why smokers become slimCto prove the possibility of being a slim nonsmokerDto tell us ways to quit smoking without gaining weight解析：选D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章从一项新的研究成果谈起，分析了戒烟后体重增加的生理原因，并重点介绍了几种应对方法。故选D项。BIn the quest (寻求) for better health, many people turn to doctors, selfhelp books or herbal supplements. But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship and social networks in overall health. A 10year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk for obesity among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could promote brain health as we age.“In general, the role of friendship in our lives isnt well appreciated，” said Rebecca G. Adams, a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. “There are a lot of things on families and marriage, but very little on friendship. It baffles me. Friendship has a bigger impact on our psychological wellbeing than family relationships.”Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse (配偶) or a family member.It isnt entirely clear why friendship has such a big effect. It may be because people with strong social ties also have better access to health services and care. Beyond that, however, friendship clearly has a profound psychological effect. People with strong friendships are less likely than others to get colds, perhaps because they have lower stress levels.Last year, researchers studied 34 students at the University of Virginia, taking them to the base of a steep hill and fitting them with a weighted backpack. They were then asked to estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to friends during the exercise, while others were alone.The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. And the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared.“People with stronger friendship networks feel like there is someone they can turn to，” said Karen A. Roberto, director of the center for gerontology (老年医学) at Virginia Tech. “Friendship is an undervalued (估价过低的) resource. The consistent message of these studies is that friends make your life better.”语篇解读：如何保持身心健康？相信每个人对此都很感兴趣并能给出自己的答案。本文作者向我们介绍了一个有利于身心健康的，很重要又长期被人们忽视的因素友谊。5Whats the main idea of the passage?APeople should make friends as many as possible.BFriendships do great good to human health.CPeople with friends have optimistic attitude.DSeveral studies have been done on friendships.解析：选B主旨大意题。文章通过几个研究结果说明友谊在促进人类身心健康方面作用巨大。6Which of the following is TRUE?APeople havent attached importance to friendships.BA friend can replace doctors and selfhelp books.CPeople with many friends may have higher stress levels.DPeople who have friends tend to be fat.解析：选A细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，人们尚未认识到友谊对人们身心健康的重要性。其他选项均与原文信息不符。7The author mentioned the study in the last three paragraphs to indicate that _.Astudents should climb the steep hill with friendsBit takes a long time to make friendsCa friend in need is a friend indeedDpeople accompanied by friends remain optimistic in the face of difficulty解析：选D推理判断题。倒数第二段中“The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill.”表明与朋友在一起的学生估计出来的坡度更小，这意味着他们面对困难时能保持相对乐观的心态。8. In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us _.Afriendship has a strong physical effect on peoples healthBwe cannot be too careful when making friendsColder people are likely to have fewer friendsD60 percent of the people without friends will become fat when they get old解析：选A段落大意题。根据本段开头(主题句)可知答案。而且主题句后的三个研究结论都与“友谊影响身体健康”有关。.语法填空Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honoured _1_ the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians.He was born in India in 1869. _2_ (follow) the local custom, he got _3_ (marry) at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, _4_ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of _5_ (race) discrimination (种族歧视) was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight for equal rights.Gandhi returned to India in 1915, when India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians _6_ (fight) for an end to the British rule and _7_ (depend) for his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi _8_ (put) in prison. _9_， the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947. _10_ (fortunate) Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.答案：1.as2.Following3.married4.where5.racial6.to fight7.independence8.were put 9However10.Unfortunately
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