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课时22完形填空体裁技法(4)议论文【体裁解读】高考完形填空中的议论文是较难的一种体裁。其通常由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。议论文完形填空结构清晰，脉络有序。绝大多数议论文的首句就是论点，且通常每段的首句就是主题句。此类体裁中有部分文章会先提出一件事或一个生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点并对其进行分析、说理。做此类体裁题目时，可以依据论文逻辑关系准确辨析词义和利用原词复现寻找近义词语来解决。体裁演练Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.And theyve never actually_1_ you.Everything they know about you _2_ through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. _3_ they feel they can know you _4_ from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the _5_ is. Powerful，yes，but not always _6_.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani，my faceless agent whom Id never met _7_，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.But her cold voice really_8_ me.I sometimes wished to _9_ another agent.One morning，I had to _10_ an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into Ranis office _11_.The woman sitting at the desk，_12_ my madness，sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a _13_ smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the _14_ immediately.“What a wonderful lady！”I thought.Rushing out _15_ I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，whats your name？”“Im Rani，”she said.I turned around and saw a _16_ woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was _17_！Why had I thought she was cold？Rani was，well，so_18_.Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport，I figured it all out.Ranis _19_her warm smile，her nods，her Im here for you _20_were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.1A.accepted BnoticedCheard Dmet2A.came BmovedCran Ddeveloped3A.Thus BYetCThen DIndeed4A.rather BalsoCjust Dalready5A.telephone BvoiceCconnection Dimpression6A.direct BusefulCeasy Daccurate7A.in person Bby myselfCin public Don purpose8A.annoyed BinterestedCdiscouraged Dconfused9A.promote BtrainCfind Dknow10A.arrange BpostponeCconfirm Dbook11A.for the first time Bat any timeCfrom time to time Din good time12A.expecting BseeingCtesting Davoiding13A.shy BcomfortingCfamiliar Dforced14A.bill BformCticket Dlist15A.hopefully BdisappointedlyCgratefully Dregretfully16A.careful BseriousCnervous Dpleasant17A.amused BworriedChelpless Dspeechless18A.calm BniceCproud Dclever19A.forgiveness BeagernessCfriendliness Dskillfulness20A.explanation BattitudeCconcept Dbehavior【能力提升演练】A(2015浙江高考)Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, Ive watched one friend after another land highranking，highpaying Wall Street jobs. As executives (高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now _1_ on their way to impressive careers. By societys _2_， they seem to have it made.On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a _3_ at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and _4_ out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine _5_ a college years monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.The thing is, a number of them have _6_ that despite their success, they arent happy. Some _7_ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eighthour workweeks devoted to tasks they _8_. Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and _9_. However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the _10_ to which they have so quickly become _11_.People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and _12_ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they _13_ or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion：its _14_. They have loans，bills，a mortgage (抵押贷款) to _15_，retirement to save for. They recognize theres something _16_ in their lives，but its _17_ to step off the track.In a society that tends to _18_ everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our _19_ in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs _20_ in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignoreand the very ones we need to consider most.1A. much B. neverC. seldom D. well2A. policies B. standardsC. experiments D. regulations3. A. last B. leastC. second D. best4. A. cycled B. movedC. slid D. looked5. A. shared B. paidC. equaled D. collected6. A. advertised B. witnessedC. admitted D. demanded7. A. complain B. dreamC. hear D. approve8. A. distribute B. hateC. applaud D. neglect9. A. calm B. guiltyC. warm D. empty10. A. family B. governmentC. lifestyle D. project11. A. accustomed B. appointedC. unique D. available12. A. yet B. alsoC. instead D. rather13. A. let out B. turn inC. give up D. believe in14. A. fundamental B. practicalC. impossible D. unforgettable15. A. take off B. drop offC. put off D. pay off16. A. missing B. inspiringC. sinking D. shining17. A. harmful B. hardC. useful D. normal18. A. measure B. sufferC. digest D. deliver19. A. disasters B. motivationsC. campaigns D. decisions20. A. assessed B. involvedC. covered D. reducedBOne day, a professor entered the classroom and asked his students to prepare for a surprise test. They waited anxiously at their desks for the test to begin. The professor _1_ the question papers, with the text facing down as usual. _2_ he handed them all out, he asked his students to _3_ the page and begin. To everyones surprise, there were no _4_， just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor, seeing the expression on everyones face, told them the following：“I want you to write what you _5_ there.”The students, _6_， got started on the inexplicable(费解的) task. At the end of the class, the professor _7_ all the answer papers and started reading each one of them aloud in front of all the students. All of them, with no _8_， described the black dot, trying to explain its position in the middle of the sheet, etc. After all had been _9_， the classroom was silent, the professor began to explain：“Im not going to grade(打分) this. I _10_ wanted to give you something to think about. No one wrote about the _11_ part of the paper. Everyone focused on the black dot, and the same happens in our _12_. We have a white paper to observe and _13_， but we always focus on the dark spots. Our life is a _14_ given to us with love and care, and we always have _15_ to celebrate: nature renewing itself every day, our friends around us, the job that _16_ our livelihood and the miracles we see every day._17_， we insist on focusing only on the dark spots: the health issues that bother us, the lack of money, the _18_ relationship with colleagues, the _19_ with a friend, and etc.The dark spots are very _20_ compared to everything we have in our lives, but they are the ones that pollute our minds.”1A.handed out Bwrapped upCreferred to Dpointed at2A.Since BUntilCIf DAfter3A.fold BturnCopen Duse4A.exercises BchoicesCquestions Dscores5A.remember BimagineCstudy Dsee6A.surprised BconfusedCcurious Ddispleased7A.collected BfinishedCmarked Dselected8A.excuse BdoubtCexception Dexplanation9A.said BansweredCreturned Dread10A.also BjustCeven Dfinally11A.big BblackCbeautiful Dwhite12A.lives BclassroomsCcolleges Dstudies13A.send BkeepCenjoy Dshow14A.burden BgiftCpressure Dlesson15A.reasons BtimeCfreedom Dfestivals16A.threatens BruinsCprovides Dchanges17A.However BThereforeCBesides DMoreover18A.close BcomplicatedCspecial Dstrong19A.stay BcontactCsatisfaction Ddisappointment20A.dark BroundCsmall Ddirty课时22完形填空体裁技法(4)议论文【体裁演练】【语篇解读】多年来作者都是通过电话与旅行代理人联系，觉得对方说话的声音冷冰冰的。但是有一次订机票的时候作者亲自来到代理人的办公室，发现自己先前的判断是错误的。1D上下文语境题。根据上文的have formed impressions of you，on your desk和下文的sometimes from hundreds of miles away，only by phone，再结合全文可知that little device是指电话，由此可判断选D项：他们从来没有见到(meet)过你。accept接受；notice注意；hear听说；meet遇见。2A上下文语境题。他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，有时是来自数百英里之外。come from“来自”，符合语境。come来；move移动；run跑；develop开发，培养。3B上下文语境题。前文提到“他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，有时来自数百英里远的地方”，本空用副词yet表示转折含义：可是他们觉得他们能够了解你 thus因此；yet然而；then随后，那么；indeed的确，确实。4C上文语境题。前文说他们没见过你，他们有时离你数百英里远，这里用just表示“仅仅；只是”，此处指“但是他们觉得只需要听到你的声音就能了解你”。rather很，非常；also也，还；just仅仅；already已经。5A上下文语境题。本题很容易因为前文中的the sound of your voice而错选B项“voice”，但是文章开头说到“that little device”，因此这里讲的是“你书桌上的那台小装置”，下文也提到only by phone和travel through wires，因此本题选A项“电话”。telephone电话；voice嗓音；connection联系；impression印象。6D下文语境题。通读下文可知，作者开始时因为瑞妮在电话里的声音很冷淡而生气，但见面后，却发现她是个 wonderful lady，因此该空选accurate “准确的”，此处是说(电话是)强大的，但不总是准确的。direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate准确的。7A上文语境题。in person表示“亲自”，never met in person与上文的faceless相呼应。in person亲自；by oneself独自；in public公开地；on purpose故意地。8A上文语境题。作者的这个旅行代理人总能给他最低价格(rockbottom prices)，但是她冷冰冰的声音让作者不开心，根据语境可知选A项“annoyed”。annoyed生气的；interested感兴趣的；discouraged沮丧的；confused困惑不解的。9C上文语境题。作者对瑞妮冷冰冰的语气很是气恼，有时希望另外找个代理人。promote提升；train训练；find找到；know知道。10D下文语境题。由下文的a family emergency可知，作者家中有急事，需要马上坐飞机回家，故选book“预订”。arrange安排；postpone推迟；confirm证实；book预订。11A上文语境题。上文提到，作者之前与瑞妮从来没有见过面，因此这里选for the first time“第一次”。for the first time第一次；at any time随时；from time to time不时，偶尔；in good time及早，有足够的时间。12B下文语境题。作者跑到瑞妮的办公室，坐在桌旁的瑞妮看到(see)作者着急的样子就跳了起来，满是同情。expect期待；see看见；test检测；avoid避免。13B上文语境题。根据上文中madness可知作者很着急，因此这里用comforting“令人欣慰的”：她给了我一个令人欣慰的微笑。shy腼腆的；comforting令人安慰的；familiar 熟悉的；forced勉强的。14C上文语境题。上文提到作者家里有急事，需要立即坐飞机回去(an immediate flight home)，因此此处说的是给作者打印飞机票(ticket)。bill账单；form表格；ticket票；list清单。15C上文语境题。作者遇到这么热心的旅行代理人，当然是心存感激(gratefully)。hopefully有希望地；disappointedly失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遗憾地。16D下文语境题。此处应与下文的a big smile，waving to wish me a safe trip相呼应，故用pleasant“令人愉悦的”。careful仔细的；serious严肃的；nervous紧张的；pleasant愉悦的。17D上下文语境题。作者想到自己当初对瑞妮的错误判断，而眼前的瑞妮是那么热心，因此一时竟不知道该说什么(speechless)了。amused逗乐的；worried担心的；helpless无助的；speechless说不出话的。18B上文语境题。由上文可知，作者亲眼见到瑞妮后发现她是一个wonderful lady，于是反问自己“我之前怎么会认为她冷冰冰呢？哦，瑞妮是这么友好(nice)”。calm冷静的；nice友好的，和蔼的；proud骄傲的；clever聪明的。19C下文语境题。破折号后的“她温暖的微笑，她的点头，她的我在这里为你服务”是对该空格的解释，对比四个选项，friendliness(友好)最符合语境。forgiveness宽恕；eagerness急切；friendliness友好；skillfulness熟练。20B上下文语境题。结合上文引号中的内容“我在这里为你服务”及下文的silent signals判断B选项“attitude”符合语境。explanation解释；attitude态度；concept概念；behavior行为。【能力提升演练】A【语篇导读】本文是议论文。作者通过讲述朋友大学毕业后的工作、心情、经历告诉我们：我们不应该为了高质量的生活只追求金钱，个人价值和社会价值的实现才是最重要的。1D查副词词义辨析。根据后面的they seem to have it made可知，大学毕业后，我观察到现在我的很多朋友们并没有创造出一番令人赞叹的事业。2B考查名词词义辨析。我认为他们没有，但按照社会的标准，他们似乎已经达到了。standard标准，符合语境。policy政策；experiment试验；regulation规章，规则。3A考查形容词词义辨析。根据前面的as they left student life behind可知，当他们离开学校时，很多人在便宜且友好的当地酒吧喝完最后一杯酒。4BE考查动词词义辨析。离开狭小的学生公寓进入高楼大厦中。move out of搬离，符合语境。5C考查动词词义辨析。在饭店里一瓶酒的价格相当于大学一个月的租金。equal与相等或相同，符合语境。6C考查动词词义辨析。实际情况是，他们中的很多人承认尽管他们很成功，但并不快乐。admit承认，符合语境。advertise做广告：witness目击；demand要求。7A考查动词词义辨析。根据后面的unfriendly coworkers and feel sad可知，一些人抱怨怨同事不友好。complain of抱怨，诉苦，符合语境。8B考查动词词义辨析。完成他们不喜欢的工作任务他们才感到翡伤。9D考查形容词词义辨析。根据前面的feeling tired and可知，empty空虚，符合语境。calm镇静的；guilty有罪的。10C考查名词词义辨析。但他们并不专心于自己的工作，他们工作只是为了维持这种很快就习以为常的生活方式。lifestyle生活方式，符合语境。11A考查形容词词义辨析。固定表达become accustomed to对变得习以为常，习惯于。12A考查副词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，这里表示转折关系，故要用yet。13D考查动词短语辨析。离职去从事他们自己所信仰的事情。believe in信奉，信仰，符合语境。let out使出来，放出；turn in上交，呈交；give up放弃。14C考查形容词词义辨析。根据后面的they have loans. 可知，放弃现在的工作去从事自己喜爱的事情是不可能的。15D考查动词短语辨析。因为他们有抵押贷款要偿还。pay off付清，还清，符合语境。take off取下，起飞；drop off落下，减少；put off推迟。16A考查形容词词义辨析。这时他们意识到生活中缺失了什么。missing失掉的，失踪的，找不到的，符合语境。17B考查形容词词义辨析。但很难脱离现在的生活轨迹。18A考查动词词义辨析。在一个倾向于用金钱来衡量一切的社会里。measure衡量。19D考查名词词义辨析。从小时候我们就学会了从经济的角度来考虑所做出的决定的代价。20B考查动词词义辨析。追求金钱所涉及的个人和社会代价呢？(be) involved in牵涉，涉及，符合语境。B【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了教授通过让学生们做一份特殊的试卷而给学生们上了一堂生动的哲理课：不要太关注人生的不完美，要好好享受我们所拥有的美好！1A根据下文的“_2_ he handed them all out”可知，教授进教室后，给学生们分发(handed out)试卷。2D根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的时间先后关系，故用after引导时间状语从句。3B根据语境“and begin”可推知，教授要求学生们翻开试卷，开始答题。turn“翻，翻动(书页)”。open表示打开的含义，不符合语境，故排除。4C根据上文的“the question papers”可知，令学生们吃惊的是，试卷上并没有问题(questions)。5D根据下文的“described the black dot”可知，教授让学生们写下自己看见(see)了什么。6B根据上文的“To everyones surprise”和语境“the inexplicable(费解的) task”可推知，学生们很困惑。surprised“惊奇的”；confused“困惑的”；curious“好奇的”；displeased“不悦的”。7A根据语境“and started reading each one of them aloud in front of all the students”和“_2_ he handed them all out”可推知，老师把分发下去的试卷收了上来。8C根据语境“All of them”可推知，所有的学生无一例外地描述了那个黑点。excuse“借口”；doubt“怀疑”；exception“例外”；explanation“解释”。9D根据上文的“and started reading each one of them aloud in front of all the students”可知，教授读完后，大家都沉默了。10B根据语境“not”可知，此处表示转折和强调，故用副词just，意为“只是”，符合语境。11D根据下文的“a white paper”可知，没有人关注卷子的空白部分。12A根据下文的“Our life”可知，教授用这件事来类比生活。13C根据下文的“to celebrate”可推知，此处应选C。enjoy“享受的乐趣，享有”，与上文的observe对应。14B根据语境“to celebrate”可推知，我们的生活是一个充满关爱的礼物。burden“负担”；gift“礼物”；pressure“压力”；lesson“课程，教训”。15A根据语境“always”和“to celebrate”以及下文所列举的“nature renewing itself. the miracles we see every day”可推知，我们总是有理由去庆祝。reason“理由”；time“时间”；freedom“自由”；festival“节日”。16C根据语境可知，此处表示“提供谋生手段的工作”。provide“提供”。17A根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“除此之外”；moreover“此外，而且”。18B根据“bother”和“lack”以及“the dark spots”可推知，应选B。close“亲密的”；complicated“复杂的”；special“特殊的”；strong“强的”。19D根据语境“bother”和“lack”以及“the dark spots”可推知，此处应选D。disappointment意为“失望”。20C根据上文的“just a black dot in the center of the page”可推知，黑点对整张试卷来讲只占了很小的一个比例，人生的不完美亦是一样的。12
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