中考英语总复习 第41讲 阅读理解（二）课件 人教新目标版

人教版英语 阅读理解阅读理解( (二二) ) 第四十一讲 阅读理解。(2014，重庆) Rachel Carson was born in the USA on May，1907.Her mother，Maria Carson，had been a schoolteacher.She also loved nature.She showed Rachel the beauty of nature.She also taught Rachel a deep love for books.As a quiet child，Rachel liked to read and write stories.At a very early age，she decided she wanted to be a writer some day.Her story first appeared in a childrens magazine when she was ten years old. Her first book，Under the Sea Wind came out in 1941.In 1948，Miss Carson began working on another book，The Sea Around Us.She always remembered carefully when she wrote.She collected information from more than one thousand places to write The Sea Around Us.When the book came out in 1951，it won the National Book Award.It was No.1 on the bestseller list for more than a year.The Sea Around Us made Rachel Carson famous. Rachel Carsons most famous book，Silent Spring came out in 1962.In this book，she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides (杀虫剂) like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well.Finally，in November 1969，the United Sates government decided that the use of DDT must stop in two years. Rachel Carson has been regarded as a great environmentalist (环保主义者) and writer.She will be remembered by the world. 1Rachel Carson had a deep love for nature and books because of _ Aher fatherBher mother Cher schoolteacher Dher brother 2Rachel decided that she wanted to be a writer when _ Ashe was very young Bshe was in college Cshe became a teacher Dshe became famousBA 3The Chinese meaning of the word “decline” in this passage is probably “_” A增加B减少C维持D翻番 4Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？_ ARachel Carson was a careful and serious writer. BThe Sea Around Us won the National Book Award. CIn Silent Spring Rachel said some pesticides were bad for the environment. DThe use of DDT was stopped as soon as the book Silent Spring came out.BD(三)推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。(四)猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 【例2】 (2014，宜宾)When you hear Westerners (西方人) say “Drop in anytime” (随时来玩) or “Come and see me soon”，you should realize that it doesnt mean you are welcome to come over to their house anytime.Its wise to telephone before visiting someone.Never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go.You may refuse by saying，“Thank you for inviting me，but I may not be able to come.”If you are unable to come after accepting the invitation，be sure to tell those who invite you in advance (提前) that you will not be there. When you have accepted the invitation to a party or a dinner，it is polite to bring small gifts with you，such as bottles of drink，flowers and chocolate.Sometimes Westerners may take you out to dinner in a restaurant and it does not necessarily mean that he is going to pay the bill at the end of the meal.He might want you to “go_Dutch”，which means each person pays his own bill.1The best title of this passage is _ADrop in anytime.BCome and see me soon.CInvitation in Western countries.DWesterners.解析：主旨概括题。根据短文的主要内容是围绕西方的邀请文化介绍的。答案：_C2When Westerners say “ Drop in anytime” or “Come and see me soon”，it means _Ayou are welcome to visit them anytime.Byou are welcome to visit them，but you still need to call them before going to their house.Cthey dont want you to visit them.Dthey will hold a party for you.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段you should realize that it doesnt mean you are welcome to come over to their house anytime.Its wise to telephone before visiting someone.可知，当人们说随时来玩时，那不意味着你能够随时拜访他们的家，在拜访之前最好打电话。答案：_B 3If a Westerner invites you to go to his house，_ Ayou may refuse if you dont plan to go. Byou have to accept the invitation even you dont want to go. Cyou cant accept the invitation. Dand you accept the invitation，you must go. 解析：细节理解题。根据Never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go.You may refuse by saying，“Thank you for inviting me，but I may not be able to come.”可知，除非你真的计划去，否则不要接受邀请。你可以通过说“谢谢邀请，但我不能来”来表示拒绝。 答案：_A 4If you have accepted the invitation to a party or a dinner，what kind of gifts will you bring？_ AMoney. BTelevisions. CComputers. DBooks. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段When you have accepted the invitation to a party or a dinner，it is polite to bring small gifts with you，such as bottles of drink，flowers and chocolate.描述及选项的对比可知。 答案：_D5The underlined part _” in Chinese.A去荷兰 B去Dutch这家餐厅C实行AA制 D请客解析：词义猜测题。根据后面的非限制性定语从句which means each person pays his own bill(那意味着人们都各自付钱)可得出正确答案。答案：_C(2014，广东)To us，it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains.But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain.Its first use was as a shade (遮蔽) against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it，but the umbrella was used in very ancient times.Probably the first to use it were the Chinese，back in the eleventh century BC. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade.And there was a strange thing connected with its use：it became a symbol of honor and power (权力)In the Far East in ancient times，the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens. In Europe，the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece，but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.During the middle ages in Europe，the use of the umbrella almost disappeared.Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century.And again it became a symbol of power. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time，though they have become much lighter in weight.It wasnt until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors. 1Ancient people first used umbrellas as _ Aa symbol of honor Bprotection against the sun Ca symbol of power Dprotection against the rain 2According to the passage，the umbrella was probably first used in ancient _ AEgypt BBabylon CRome DChina 3The underlined word “royal” might mean _ in Chinese. A皇室的 B富裕的 C中产的 D平民的BDA 4According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true？_ AThe ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life. BEuropeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages. CThe umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times. DThe style of the umbrella hasnt changed a lot since it was invented 5This passage is mainly about _ Athe sales of the umbrella Bthe differences among umbrellas Cthe invention of the umbrella Dthe history and the use of the umbrellaCD (一)(2014，襄阳) Travel studya new way to spend your holiday.Have you ever heard about it? When you have a travel study，you can see Big Ben，Sydney Opera House，the Statue of Liberty and so many other places.During the travel study，you may go traveling by yourself，or with your family or your friends. When you travel，you are in a different culture every day.You will be served with different new foods and make new friends.You read all these from books in the past，but now it is real and you are part of it.Besides，you may also learn other cultures from your new friends because they are from different countries. Maybe you already have foreign teachers in your school to teach you English.But he or she will not stay to speak English with you all the time，right？During the travel study，you have to speak it every day and almost everywhere because you are in an Englishspeaking country! It also gives you a chance to live alone.That will teach you how to live.“What should I do if I lose my way in a foreign country？”“How can I buy what I want with my poor English？”You have to be clever and find answers for yourself. In_conclusion，you can get a lot from the travel study. 1Traveling can help you in a lot of ways except _ Agoing sightseeing Btrying many kinds of food Cgetting lost in foreign countries Dmaking a lot of new friendsC 2The underlined phrase “In_conclusion” in the last sentence means _ in Chinese. A首先 B总之 C至少 D随后 3The best title for this passage should be _ ATravel Study BBest Way for Study CImportant of Traveling DGood Places for TravelingBA (二)(2014，黄冈) We always celebrated Dads birthday on Thanksgiving Day，even after he entered a nursing home.When we knew it might be his last birthday，the whole family decided to get together for a huge birthday celebration at the nursing home. Dad was a good storyteller and we were always his listeners.During a quiet moment，I announced it was now Dads turn to listen to stories for a change，I wanted everyone to tell Dad what we loved about him.The room became quiet.Then one after another，people told stories from their hearts，while Dad listened with tears in eyes. Everyone seemed to have more than one story.Even the little grandchildren couldnt wait to tell Dad why they loved him.For a man who had been kind to so many hundreds of people in his life，here was our chance to tell him how much we love him.A few months later，at Dads memorial service，we more fully realized what we had given to Dad that night.Those are the stories people normally tell at a funeral (葬礼) after a loved one is no longer alive to hear the words.They tell stories，full of tears.But we had given those memories to Dad in his life，and we had told them through laughter，together with hugs and joy.He had them to hold and enjoyed them from time to time in his mind during his last days and months. Words do matter，and they are enough.We just need to say them or to speak them publicly the ones we love.Thats the ways to give back love and thats our chance to celebrate a person in his or her life. 4The writers family decided to have a huge birthday celebration because _ ADad was to leave the hospital Bit might be Dads last birthday Cthey would celebrate Thanksgiving Day DDad was at the nursing homeB 5. According to the passage，we know _ Aall the family loved the father，including the little grandchildren Bthe writers father was still enjoying good health Cthe party was held at the writers home Dthe doctor told the writer his father was going to die at onceA 6From the passage，we know the writers father was _ to hear the stories. Asurprised Bmoved Csad Dfrustrated 7. The best title of the passage can be _ AAn Amazing Story BA Kind Father CSay Our Love Publicly DA Big PartyBC (三)(2014，山西) What does it mean to be green？“Green” is more than just a color.It also means taking special steps to protect the environmentthe water，the land，and the air we breathe.Why green？Plants are green，and without them the earth wouldnt be such a lovely home for us human beings. Sometimes people call ours a “throwaway society”That means we are always throwing away old things and buying new ones.Many times，if you no longer need something，someone else just might need it.For example，if your brother is old enough not to play with his plastic bike，why not give it to another family who has a little kid so that they dont need to buy one？And one less large plastic toy doesnt need to be produced. Recycling (回收利用) has never been easier.Many organizations will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require (要求) it.Tell your mom or dad you want to become “Chief of Recycling” for your family.Now that you know what things you can recycle，find a place to keep them.Make sure you encourage everyone in your house to think whether things can be reused or recycled before theyre thrown away. Almost everyone likes traveling.But next time before you travel around the world，take a look at your own backyard.Is there a place where you could plant a three or put in a little fruit or vegetables garden？If so，get there and get your hands dirty.Then you can watch with pride as your tree takes root，and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe，red tomatoes or tiny，juicy blueberries.Who knew being green would taste so good? 8In the first paragraph，the writer introduces the topic of the passage by _ Atelling an interesting story Bexplaining the word “green” Cgiving some special examples 9In a “throwaway” society，_ Apeople shouldnt produce any plastic things Bpeople can get anything they want from others Cpeople always throw away the used things and buy new onesBC 10To be “Chief of Recycling”，you should _ Arecycle things all by yourself Bask your family to use the old things all the time Cfind a place to keep the things that can be recycled 11You are advised to run a fruit or vegetable garden in order to _ Acreate a green environment Bmake a lot of money Cget your hands dirtyCA 12The purpose of the passage is to tell us that _ Awe must enjoy the nature Bwe had better eat more green food Cwe should protect our environmentC (四)(2014，河南) A great way for teens (青少年) to cool off during the summer is at water parks.If you live near a water park，you might think about getting a season pass.This way you can go as often as you like. Check to see if there are any water parks around you.Many are indoor facilities (设施)So even if it isnt warm enough where you live to swim outdoors，you can enjoy swimming in a temperature controlled area. The prices are usually good.For example，one ticket to Water World，a water park，is only $5. Some teens like to get a part time job over the summer to make some pocket money.Older teens shouldnt have much trouble finding jobs. An idea is to get some teens together to form your own summer job business.You can walk dogs，bring in the newspapers，feed the cats，collect rubbish，water flowers，etc. Being that its summer，many people go on vacation and could use someone to look after their houses while theyre away.You can also think about other jobs you can do for them. Teens love freedom.Sure you would like to get to such places as the small，movie theaters，the zoo，the beach，picnic，bowling and local amusement park instead of staying home all summer.Then a summer bus pass will be helpful.Check to see if your area has one for you teens. Such a pass costs only $10 for the whole summer.The price is reasonable (合乎情理的) and also your parents dont have to always drive. 13Who is the text written for？_ ATeachers. BParents. CTeens. DTravelers 14What is NOT mentioned as a part time job for teens？_ AWashing cars. BFeeding cats. CWalking dogs. DWatering flowers. 15If Sally goes to Water World with two friends，they should pay _ A$5 B$10 C$15 D$20CAC 16A summer bus pass is helpful for teens to _ Afind part time jobs Bgo out for fun Cgo to summer classes Ddo outdoor sports 17Whats the text mainly about？_ APart time jobs. BA summer pass. CWater park swimming. DThings to do in summer.BD (五)(2014，杭州) How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English，or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers？Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world.But scientists have discovered that it is not true. People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers.In the United States，people think begin counting with their first fingers，which they extend or stick out.They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb (拇指) to count to five.Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten.In China，people count by using different finger positions.In this way，a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand. Besides ways of finger counting，scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers.Some languages have only a few words for numbers，and others have no words for numbers.A group of scientists studied aboriginal (土著的) people in Australia.These people dont have hand movements to stand for numbers.They dont even have word for numbers.However，they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers. In a similar study，researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe (部落) in northwestern Brazil dont have words for numbers such as “one” or “three”They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees”，“more trees”，or “many trees”Professor Edward Gibson said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count，“but here is a group that does not count.They could learn，but its not useful in their culture，so theyve never picked it up.” Although all humans are able to understand quantities (数量)，not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting.Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives.Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math，too. 18The writer begins with the four questions in order to _ Amake a survey Binterest readers Ctell a story Dsolve math problemsB 19What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the US.and China？_ APeople from China count much faster than people from the US. BPeople from China need two hands to count from one to ten. CPeople of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting. DPeople of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.C 20Which of following is true about aboriginal Australians？_ AThey have only a few words for numbers. BThey have hand movements to stand for numbers. CThey can only count to five on their fingers. DThey can understand different ideas about numbers.D 21The study of the Piraha tribe shows that _ APeople all over the world know how to count BPeople of the tribe have words for number CSome groups of people are not smart enough to count DCounting is not useful in the culture of the tribeD 22What is the main idea of the passage？_ APeople from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math. BChinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans. CIn some aboriginal culture，people dont even know how to count. DSome languages dont have number words because people dont need numbers. A