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8 B Unit 1 Past and presentGrammar Present perfect tense（现在完成时）（现在完成时）Learning aims：1. 了解现在完成时的概念2. 掌握现在完成时基本句子的结构3. 识记过去分词的变化规则 1. I have lived here since I was born.自从我出生以来我就一直住在这里。2.Eddie has eaten my food.埃迪吃了我的食物。过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去过去发生的动作，对现在造成影响过去发生的动作，对现在造成影响3.I have already read this book many times.我已经看过这本书很多次了。某个动作迄今为止发生过多少次某个动作迄今为止发生过多少次一一.现在完成时的概念现在完成时的概念现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已经完成但对现在有一定作或状态，或已经完成但对现在有一定的影响的动作。的影响的动作。二、现在完成时句子结构二、现在完成时句子结构（1 1）基本句子结构基本句子结构：I/We/You/They + have + done+其它。其它。He/She/It + has+ done+其它。其它。e.g.They _ their homework. (finish）He _his homework. （finish)have finishedhas finished助动词助动词 1. I have lived here since I was born2.Eddie has eaten my food.3.I have already read this book many times.主语+ have/ has +V过去分词三、三、 过去分词的变化规则过去分词的变化规则(A)(A) 规则动词规则动词：动词的过去分词的规则变化与动词的动词的过去分词的规则变化与动词的过去过去式式的规则变化相同。四点变化规则：的规则变化相同。四点变化规则： (1)大多数动词，在词尾直接加大多数动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked, visit-visited-visited (2)、以不发声音、以不发声音“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以、以“辅音字母辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为变为 “i” ，再加，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied, cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped, drop-dropped-dropped (B) (B) 不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词原形过去式过去分词原形过去式 过去分词dodiddoneeatateeatengowentgonefindfound foundseesawseenforget forgot forgottenbuyboughtboughtcome came comeputputputcutcutcutbuild builtbuiltwritewrote written(Page122)其他的你只能参考课本其他的你只能参考课本P122-123P122-123，慢慢你就会发现其中的规律咯！慢慢你就会发现其中的规律咯！EXERCISES 1.borrow _ 2.hope_ 3.make_ 4.get_ 5.plan_ 6.cry_ 7.send_ 8.watch_ 9.say_ 10.grow_ 11.hit_ 12.enjoy_（2 2）否定句）否定句主语主语+have /has +not +V过去分词过去分词e.g.They _ (not finish）their homework yet (还未）还未）. He _ （not finish) his homework yet. havent finishedhasnt finishedhas not =hasnt have not = havent (3)(3)一般疑问句及回答一般疑问句及回答eg.I have finished my homework.-Have you finished your homework?-Yes, I have. -No, I havent.She has seen the film three times.-Has she seen the film three times？-Yes, she has.-No, she hasnt.e.g._you _the film?(watch)Yes, I _._your father _the film?(watch)No, he _.Have watched haveHas watched hasnt (4)(4)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+have/has+主语主语+done+done+其它其它？e.g.The girl has learned English for 6 years. I have eaten two apples for breakfast.How long has the girl learned English?What have you eaten for breakfast?EXERCISES I ve just eaten the food.一般疑问句： 肯定回答：否定回答：They have lived in Shanghai for 3years.(对划线部分提问)How long have they lived in Shanghai?Yes,I have.No, I havent Have you just eaten the food? 当堂检测用现在完成时完成下列句子。1.They_ (finish) their homework already.2.John _never_ (visit) China.3.Mr Li _ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.4.We _ (not see) each other for years.5.My parents _ (not come)here yet.have finished has visited has repaired havent seenhavent comeHOMEWORK 1.完成课本P14练习。 2.识记课本P122动词过去分词不规则变化左半栏。现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法1. 1.表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在, ,可能可能会继续下去。会继续下去。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如如forfor、since since 等引导的等引导的时间状语时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词延续性动词）2.2.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成一定的影响。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成一定的影响。( (汉语中常用汉语中常用“已经已经”、“过过”、“了了”等表达等表达) ) 通常与表示包括通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词现在在内的时间副词just(just(句中）句中）, , already(already(句中，句末）句中，句末）, , before(before(句末）句末）, yet, yet（句末）（句末）, never, never（句中）（句中）, ever, ever（句（句中）中）,recently(,recently(句末句末) )等状语连用。例如：等状语连用。例如： 1.Eddie has just eaten my food. (Eddie已经吃了我的食物。）已经吃了我的食物。）2.I have never heard of that before.（我以前从未听说过那件事）（我以前从未听说过那件事） 3. Have you ever ridden a horse?（你曾经骑过马吗？）（你曾经骑过马吗？） 4.She has already finished the work.（她早已经完成这个工作了。）（她早已经完成这个工作了。）5.We havent finished our homework yet. (我们还没有完成作业呢。我们还没有完成作业呢。)3.表示从过去到现在动作发生过的表示从过去到现在动作发生过的次数。次数。你看过这本电影几次了？How many times have you seen this film?今天上午我已经见过他两次了。I have met him twice this morning.Homework：1.朗读课本对话。2.背诵不规则动词的过去分词。3 随堂.
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