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第24讲代词和连词代词代词是指代名词或名词短语的词，多具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中常见的代词可分为：人称代词、物主代词，指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词及不定代词等。中考关于代词的考点有：1人称代词和物主代词的用法；2it，one(s)，that，those等作替代词的用法；3不定代词的用法；4指示代词、疑问代词和反身代词的用法。高频考向一人称代词、物主代词、反身代词1人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：【注意】人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：单数形式：you and I；you，he and I；复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。承担责任时总是第一人称在前。人称代词it的特殊用法：指代不清楚性别的人，如：Who is that at the door? 谁在门口？Its me. 是我。指代时间天气、距离等，如：Its cloudy today. 今天多云。Its eight now. 现在八点。作形式主语或形式宾语。如：Its hard to climb that tree.爬上树很难。I found it easy to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很简单。2表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。具体见下表：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：My books are on the desk.Where are yours？我的书在桌子上，你的书在哪里？3反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。具体变化见下表：反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快hurt oneself伤着自己teach oneself learn.by oneself自学(all) by oneself (完全)独立地help oneself to请自便，随便吃look after oneself自理，照顾自己leave one by oneself把单独留下lose oneself in陶醉于，沉浸于高频考向二不定代词不定代词是不指明代替在何特定名词或形容词的代词。不定代词大多代替名词和形容词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1普通不定代词的用法肯定性both; all; some; each; every; a little； a few否定性neither; none; any; no one; little; fewsome与any复合不定代词中，nothing与nobody表否定意义。由some和 any构成的复合不定代词，其区别与some 和 any的区别基本相同。复合不定代词只能作主语，宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。高频考向三指示代词指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。常见的指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。有时that和those指前面提到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.我受凉了，那就是为什么我没有来（的原因）。 this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking？你好！我是玛丽。你是杰克吗？为了避免重复，可以用it, one(s)或that 代替上文出现的名词。但三者在用法上有区别：it特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物one(s)泛指下文提及的同类事物中的一个(些)，同类但不是同一个(些)that常用于代替前面提到过的名词，以避免重复The book is so interesting. Where did you buy it? I want to buy one.这本书真有趣。你在哪里买的它？我想买一本。The weather in Zhejiang is warmer than that in Beijing.浙江的天气比北京的(天气)温暖。高频考向四疑问代词、关系代词疑问代词用来引导特殊疑问句，包括who，whom，whose，what和which等。一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：疑问代词意义基本用法who谁作主语、表语、宾语whom谁作宾语(who的宾格)whose谁的作主语、表语、宾语、定语(who的所有格)what什么作主语、表语、宾语、定语which哪个作主语、表语、宾语、定语Who is going to come here tomorrow？明天谁会来？(作主语)What is that？那是什么？(作表语)Whose umbrella is this？这是谁的伞？(作定语)Whom are you waiting for？你在等谁？(作宾语)Which team will win？哪支队会赢？(作主语)【注意】无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：Which books do you like best？你最喜欢哪几本书？What books do you like best？你最喜欢什么样的书？whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到谁了？For whom are you waiting？你在等谁？一、根据句意及提示补全单词。1My uncle has taught _(自己) French since the year before last.2May I use your mobile phone? _(我的) is at home.3Our school is as beautiful as _(他们的)4 (她的) coming will add to our pleasure.5My parents are doctors. They b _work in the same hospital.二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。(原创)6These magazines are _(me), not yours.7I dont know whether the dream can come true, but I will try _(I) best.8Kids, help (you) to some fruit. Its good for your health.9Oh, dear! My iPhone doesnt work. Would you please lend me _(you)?10Who helped Jane with her English?_(somebody). She taught herself.himselfMinetheirsHerothminemyyoursNobody连词连词是连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子的词。连词分为并列连词和从属连词。中考关于连词的考点有：1并列连词and, but, so, or等的主要用法；2常见的从属连词的基本用法。高频考向一并列连词并列连词是用于连接并列单词、短语或句子的连词。1表示平行或承接关系的：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well as等；2表示转折关系的：but，yet，while，however等；3表示选择关系的：or，either.or.，not.but.；Im a teacher and Mary is a nurse.我是名教师，玛丽是名护士。The runner is an old man, but he wins the race.那名赛跑者是一名老人，但他却赢得了比赛。Would you like some tea or water？你要茶还是水？Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了就是我错了。【注意】both.and.连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither.nor.，not only.but also.，either.or.连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；and与or表示“和”时，and用于肯定句，or用于否定句和疑问句。高频考向二从属连词从属连词是指用于连接各种从句的连词。1引导名词性从句的从属连词名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句一般的从属连词有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。2引导状语从句的从属连词引导时间状语从句的连词有when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。【注意】while与as只能和延续性动词连用；若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。引导目的状语从句的连词有so，so that，in order that，in case等。引导原因状语从句的连词有because，as，for，since等。引导结果状语从句的连词有so.that，such.that等，so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词，当名词前面有many，much，few或little修饰时，应用so。引导让步状语从句的连词有although，though，however(no matter how)，even if/though等。引导比较状语从句的连词有as，than，as.as，not so/as.as等。引导条件状语从句的连词有if，unless，as/so long as等。引导地点状语从句的连词有where，wherever。【注意】so与because，but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中，二者只能选其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。一、用适当的连词或连词短语填空。1Practice more, _ you will do better in playing the guitar.2She was _ sad _ she didnt want to talk with anybody.3The old tree has been in front of my house _ I was born.4You are never _ young _ start doing things.5_ you cant come to the party, youd better tell us by this evening.6You cannot make progress _you spend more time practising.7Do you know _they will come back tomorrow?Yes. Im sure they will come back tomorrow.8Would you like to watch the football match with me tonight?Im afraid I cant _I have lots of work to do.9Some people like this way of life _I dont.10What do you think of her dress?It still looks quite fashionable on her _it is a style of many years ago.andsothatsincetootoIfunlessif/whetherbecausewhilealthough
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