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第十四节句子（二）第十四节句子（二）第二部分中考语法知识归纳中考考点精讲精练中考考点精讲精练 句子按其结构可分为三类：简单句、并列句和复合句。本节我们将重点阐述中考最常涉及的复合句宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。在此之前先了解一下简单句和并列句。 简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。简单句的五种基本句型如下： 由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上独立分句的句子叫做并列复合句，简称并列句。 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成的句子叫做主从复合句。中考对主从复合句的考查主要为宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。考点考点1 宾语从句宾语从句考点精讲考点精讲1. 定义:在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。2. 宾语从句三要素：考题精解考题精解( )(2015广东)David asked_ in China.Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting.A. why he can greet a lady by kissing her B. why he could greet a lady by kissing herC. whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D. whether he could greet a lady by kissing her 解析解析 本题句意： 戴维问在中国他是否可以用亲吻去问候一位女士。 当然不能了。中国人通常跟女士握手表示问候。本题考查宾语从句的引导词和时态。根据句意可以判断空格上句子的引导词为whether; 再结合前面主句中的asked可知戴维是过去问起，故宾语从句的时态也要用过去时。由此可知答案D正确。 答案答案 D考题再现考题再现( )1. (2015梅州)Show me the map, please. I wonder _.Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu IslandB. where Diaoyu Island isC. what is Diaoyu Island likeD. when Diaoyu Island isB( )2. (2014广东)Do you know_？8,844.43 meters. Its a popular place with mountain climbers. A. how high is Qomolangma B. how long is QomolangmaC. how high Qomolangma is D. how long Qomolangma isC( )3. (2013广东)Have you asked the policeman _?Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. Its on the right. A. if there is a bank near hereB. how can we get to the nearest bankC. where can we find a bankD. when we can go to the nearest bankA考题预测考题预测( )4. I dont understand _. Im sorry. But I was doing my homework. A. why you didnt watch the football matchB. why didnt you watch the football match C. why you dont watch the football matchD. why dont you watch the football matchA( )5. Please tell me _ the scarf.She bought it online, I guess.A. if Alice likedB. when Alice boughtC. where Alice boughtD. how much did Alice pay for( )6. Fathers Day is coming. Im thinking about _. A. what present should I give himB. where we had a big mealC. how I will give him a surpriseD. if am I going to plan a party for himCC考点考点2 定语从句定语从句考点精讲考点精讲 1. 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。 2. 结构：一般为含先行词的主句关系词引导的定语从句。 3. 引导定语从句的关系词： (1)关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)，位于先行词及定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的主语、宾语、定语等成分。 (2)关系副词：where，when，why等。常在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语，且往往可以用介词加which (如in which； on which； for which等)代替。 4. 关系词的区别运用： (1)I like teachers who teach in their own ways. 我喜欢那些有自己教学风格的老师。(who作主语，指人，可用that代替，不可省略) (2)He is the man (who) Sarah loves. 他是萨拉爱的男人。(who作宾语，指人，可用whom、that替换，均可省略) (3) The novel (which) I bought in the bookstore was wonderful. 我在书店买的那本小说很精彩。(which作宾语，指物，可用that替换，均可省略。若作主语则不可省略) (4)Paul knows the boy whose sister died last year. 保罗认识那个(他的)妹妹去年死了的男孩。 (whose只能作定语，不可省略，在本句中指人。也可指物) (5)She remembers the wooden house where her grandparents used to live. 她记得她祖父母曾经居住过的木屋子。(where在此作地点状语，不能省略，相当于in which) (6)That was the day when little Ivy was born. 那就是小艾薇出生的日子。(when在此作时间状语，不可省略，相当于on which) (7)Let me know the reason why youre so upset. 告诉我你如此不安的原因。(why在此作原因状语，不可省略，相当于for which) 5. 关系词使用的特例关系词只能用that不宜用which的情况考题精解考题精解( )(2015广东)Running man is a very relaxing TV program_ is hot among the young people.A. what B. whichC. who D. whom 解析解析 本题句意： 奔跑吧兄弟是一档在年轻人当中很火的休闲电视节目。本题考查定语从句中的关系代词，要正确使用关系代词的前提是准确定位先行词。结合句意可知，TV program是其后定语从句限定的名词，即先行词。TV program是物，其前也没有特殊的修饰语，故这里的关系代词填which，which在随后的定语从句中作主语。 答案答案 B考题再现考题再现( )1. (2015广州)The stories _ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A. that B. those C. who D. what ( )2. (2014广东)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island，the first thing _ he did was to look for some food. A. who B. that C. which D. whom( )3. (2014茂名)Disneyland is a place _ I wish to visit.A. which B. what C. whereABA考题预测考题预测( )4. Yesterday Wang Xi went to the village_ he lived in his childhood. A. when B. which C. where D. that ( )5. Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine. A. who B. what C. that D. whom( )6. Phillip doesnt know _ he and his friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money. A. that; whose B. how; whoC. what; who D. what; whoseCCD考点考点3 状语从句状语从句考点精讲考点精讲 1. 定义：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子称为状语从句。 2. 状语从句分时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等几种类型。具体如下： 3. 状语从句的位置：状语从句可放在主句之前，用逗号与其隔开，也可放在主句之后。4. 主将从现与时态呼应的情形考题精解考题精解( )(2015广东)Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. Only when she _ copying this report.A. finishes B. finish C. finished D. will finish 解析解析 本题句意： 先生，詹妮想知道她什么时候可以离开办公室。只有当她把这份报告抄完的时候(她就可以离开)。本题考查时间状语从句中的“主将从现”，答句是个省略句，完整句为：She can leave the office only when she _ copying this report. 观察不难发现，主句中含有情态动词，此时主句中的“将来”只在意义上体现，从句用一般现在时。再结合空格前的主语she，可知填finishes。 答案答案 A考题再现考题再现( )1. (2014广东)I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _. A. starts B. startedC. will start D. is starting( )2. (2012广东)If our government _ attention to controlling food safety now, our health _ in danger. A. wont pay; is B. doesnt pay; isC. wont pay; will be D. doesnt pay; will beAD考题预测考题预测( )3. I want to know if he _ to play basketball with us.I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will be ( )4. Tina is _ nervous _ she cant say a word. A. such; that B. too; toC. so; that D. enough; toCC
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