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高中语法综合高中语法综合复习全解复习全解句子种类学习目标：句子种类学习目标：1. 掌握简单句的六大句型；掌握简单句的六大句型；2. 掌握祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句掌握祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句 的结构和用法；的结构和用法；3. 掌握并列句及复合句中连词的选择掌握并列句及复合句中连词的选择 和使用。和使用。句句子子种种类类 句子的用途句子的用途 陈述句陈述句疑问句疑问句祈使句祈使句感叹句感叹句句子的结构句子的结构 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句 点击点击链接链接点击点击链接链接点击点击链接链接点击点击链接链接点击点击链接链接点击点击链接链接点击点击链接链接I. Statements (陈述句陈述句)Simon is playing football. (肯定句肯定句) Simon is not playing football. (否定句否定句)There is something wrong with my bike. (肯定句肯定句) There isnt anything wrong with my bike. (否定句否定句)Millie can deal with the problem of stress.(肯定句肯定句) Millie can not deal with the problem of stress. (否定句否定句)返回II. Questions (疑问句疑问句)Yes/No questions 一般疑问句一般疑问句- Is Simon playing football? - Yes, he is./No, he isnt.- Does Simon like to play football? - Yes, he does./No, he doesnt.wh- questions 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句- Who is playing football? - Simon is .- When does Simon play football? - After school.Questions with or 选择疑问句选择疑问句- Is your friend a boy or a girl? - A boy.- Which do you prefer, art or PE? - PE.Tag questions 反意疑问句反意疑问句- Simon likes to play football, doesnt he? - Yes, he does.- Simon never plays football, does he? - Yes, he does.返回III. Imperatives 祈使句祈使句肯定式肯定式1. Stop talking. 2. Be confident.3. (Please ) come in.4. Lets go and play football.5. Let us help you.否定式否定式1. Dont talk again. 2. Dont be nervous.3. (Please) dont draw on the wall.4. No smoking/parking.反意疑反意疑问句的问句的构成构成1. Close the window, will you?2. Dont draw on the wall, will you?3. Let us go swimming, will you?4. Lets go and play football, shall we? 返回IV. Exclamations 感叹句感叹句常见基本结构及例句常见基本结构及例句1. What + a/an + adj. + n. (单数单数) + (主主 + 谓谓)!如：如：What a wonderful football game (it is)! What an exciting match!2. What + adj. + n (复数或不可数复数或不可数) +(主主 + 谓谓)！如：如：What beautiful flowers (they are)! What bad weather (it is)!3. How + adj./adv. + (主主 + 谓谓)！如：如：How wonderful (the game is)! How slowly the old man walks! How exciting!返回简单句简单句简单句：只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各简单句：只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各 成分都只由单词或短语构成的独成分都只由单词或短语构成的独 立句子或分句叫做简单句。立句子或分句叫做简单句。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. My sister will fix everything.Six kinds of sentence structures简单句简单句的六的六种基本句型种基本句型掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。其他各种句子都可由句子结构的基础。其他各种句子都可由这些基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。这些基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。英语的简单句有英语的简单句有六六种基本句型种基本句型：1) 主语主语 + 不及物动词不及物动词； 2) 主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语；表语；3) 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语；宾语；4) 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 间宾间宾 + 直宾；直宾；5) 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补；宾补；6) There be 结构。结构。1. Spring is coming. 春天到了。春天到了。【结构描述结构描述】 主语主语 + 不及物动词不及物动词【用法记忆用法记忆】 不及物动词后面不能直接不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语，但有时根据意义的需要常会接跟宾语，但有时根据意义的需要常会接状语。可在动词后加介词再接宾语。如：状语。可在动词后加介词再接宾语。如：She smiles happily. 她高兴地笑了。她高兴地笑了。He is looking at the monkey. 他正看着猴子。他正看着猴子。 2. Leaves turn green. 树叶变绿了。树叶变绿了。【结构描述结构描述】 主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语【用法记忆用法记忆】系动词是起到联系作用的动词，系动词是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十几个，我们把它们分成四的，常见的只有十几个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：一一 be动词类：动词类： am、 is 、are 、was 、were 二表示变化类：二表示变化类：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go 三感官动词类：眼三感官动词类：眼(look)、耳、耳(sound)、 鼻鼻(smell)、舌、舌(taste)、 身身(feel) 四表示延续性的动词：四表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、 keep 表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。通常由名词、形容词、介词短语等充当。通常由名词、形容词、介词短语等充当。如：如：The crane looks beautiful.3. Cows eat grass on the hill. 牛儿在山上吃草。牛儿在山上吃草。【结构描述结构描述】 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语【用法记忆用法记忆】 宾语可以由名词、代词、宾语可以由名词、代词、动词不定式、动词不定式、v.-ing形式等充当。上句中形式等充当。上句中的的on the hill是地点状语，即使省略也不是地点状语，即使省略也不影响句子结构的完整。如：影响句子结构的完整。如：He broke his leg in an accident.4. The spring gives us a warm hug. 春天给我们以热情的拥抱。春天给我们以热情的拥抱。【结构描述结构描述】 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 间接宾语间接宾语(人人) + 直接宾语直接宾语(物物)【用法记忆用法记忆】 间接宾语和直接宾语可以交换间接宾语和直接宾语可以交换位置，但需要借助介词位置，但需要借助介词to或或for。如：。如：Tom gave me a book. = Tom gave a book to me. 汤姆给了我一本书。汤姆给了我一本书。Mum bought him an MP3 player. = Mum bought an MP3 player for him.妈妈给他买了一个妈妈给他买了一个MP3播放器。播放器。 5. Ill make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 我要让美丽永远留在记忆中。我要让美丽永远留在记忆中。【结构描述结构描述】 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补【用法记忆用法记忆】 宾语补足语在宾语后补充说明宾语补足语在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语补足语可以宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、动词不定式、由名词、形容词、动词不定式、v.-ing形式和形式和介词短语等充当，宾语补足语不能省略。如：介词短语等充当，宾语补足语不能省略。如：I heard someone playing the piano over there. 我听见有人在那边弹钢琴。我听见有人在那边弹钢琴。6. There are many birds singing in the trees. 树上有许多鸟儿在唱歌。树上有许多鸟儿在唱歌。【结构描述结构描述】 there be + 主语主语 + 状语状语【用法记忆用法记忆】 当动词当动词be后接单数可数名后接单数可数名词或不可数名词时，词或不可数名词时，be用单数；当其后用单数；当其后接复数的可数名词时，接复数的可数名词时，be用复数。如：用复数。如：There is a shop at the corner.There are some books on the desk. 【跟踪练习跟踪练习】 请指出下列各句属于简单句的哪种基本句型。请指出下列各句属于简单句的哪种基本句型。 A. 主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语 B. 主语主语 + 不及物动词不及物动词 C. 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语D. 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 间宾间宾 + 直宾直宾E. 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补F. there be + 主语主语 + 状语状语 ( ) 1. You can write down the new words on your notebook.( ) 2. I found the article on wildlife interesting.( ) 3. The school bus didnt come.( ) 4. There are five books on the desk.( ) 5. The bread smells delicious.( ) 6. Our English teacher showed us all her CDs. DCEBFA返回并列句：由并列连词（并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或等）或 分号（；）把两个或两个以上的分号（；）把两个或两个以上的 简单句连在一起构成。简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 并列句并列句并列句的分类并列句的分类1. 表示连接两个同等概念，常用表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only but also , neither nor , then等连接。如：等连接。如： The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2. 表示选择，常用的连词有表示选择，常用的连词有or, either or , otherwise等。如：等。如： Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3. 表示转折，常用的连词有表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。如：等。如： He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4. 表示因果关系，常用的连词有表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。如：等。如： August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 1. We bought her a birthday present, _ she liked it very much. A. so B. or C. and D. but 2. Didnt you give roses to your father on Fathers Day? Oh, not only my father, _ my grandpa got red roses. A. or B. and C. but D. until 3. Would you like to go to the concert with me? Id love to, _ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and 4. “Are you going to eat here _ take it away?” asked the waiter. A. and B. so C. or D. but 5. Mother was ill, _ Father cooked for us instead. A. but B. or C. so D. and 6. _ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 7. Da-Fa is cleaning the house _ some of his friends are coming for dinner. A. because B. but C. if D. so 返回复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语宾语从句、表语从句和同位语 从句）从句） 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句 复合句复合句点击点击链接链接点击点击链接链接点击点击链接链接句子种类在高考中的考查重点：句子种类在高考中的考查重点： 1. 简单句的六大句型是最基本的句型。虽然简单句的六大句型是最基本的句型。虽然 近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多， 但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分 去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣 词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子 来表达清楚的。来表达清楚的。2. 祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题 的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句 结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考 点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3. 高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的 考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。 如：如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接，以及其它连接 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连 接词、关联词。接词、关联词。4. 各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时 态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句 最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如 果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将 来，这一点在高考中经常考查。来，这一点在高考中经常考查。Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文档。文档。点击此处链接点击此处链接I. Multiple choice 1. _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2002上海春上海春) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting2. What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. (2005全国全国I) A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining3. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _? (2006全国全国II) A. do youB. can we C. will youD. shall we4. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _ their education that causes misunderstanding. (2007全国全国I) A. like B. as C. or D. but5. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, _ you wont pass the course. (2007北京北京) A. and B. so C. but D. or6. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was! (2007上海上海) A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene7. When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _? (2007北京北京) A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you8. _ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (2008湖南湖南) A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search9. _ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. (2008湖南湖南) A. If B. While C. Because D. As10. In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. (2008四川四川) A. but B. while C. because D. though 11. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _? (2009陕西陕西) A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he12. I wonder how much you charge for your services. The first two are free _ the third costs $30. (2009安徽安徽) A. while B. until C. when D. before13. Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal. (2010全国全国I) A. so that B. although C. while D. as if14. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed. (2010四川四川) A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting15. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available. (2010安徽安徽) A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until16. Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open. (2011辽宁辽宁) A. or B. and C. but D. for17. _ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. (2011天津天津) A. It B. As C. Although D. Unless18. Someone wants you on the phone. _ nobody knows I am here. (2011全国全国I) A. Although B. And C. But D. So19. Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you. (2011山东山东) A. till B. or C. and D. but20. _ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before. (2011辽宁辽宁) A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether1. 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 My grandfather gets up early in the morning. II. Translation2. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。In autumn, some birds fly to the south.3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5. 昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 6. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。你们必须在两周内看完这些书。I wrote a letter last night.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.7. 他的父母给他取名为他的父母给他取名为John.His parents named him John. 8. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。All of us considered him honest.9. 他把这本书给了他的妹妹。他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 10. 我将写给你一封长信。我将写给你一封长信。 He gave the book to his sister. Ill write you a long letter. 11. 这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。 There was only a well in the village. It was raining, therefore the picnic was postponed.12. 天下着雨，因此野餐被延期。天下着雨，因此野餐被延期。The question is whether he has signed the contract. 13. 她以为我正谈论她的女儿，然而事实她以为我正谈论她的女儿，然而事实 上我正在谈论我的女儿。上我正在谈论我的女儿。14. 小明肯定在家，因为他家的灯亮着。小明肯定在家，因为他家的灯亮着。Xiao Ming must be at home, for the lights are still on.She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.15. 问题在于他是否在合同上签了字。问题在于他是否在合同上签了字。17. 我想他下午不会来。我想他下午不会来。I dont think that he will come this afternoon.16. 消息传来，前线急需医务人员。消息传来，前线急需医务人员。Word came that medical workers were badly needed at the front.18. 养成良好的学习习惯对我们来说是非养成良好的学习习惯对我们来说是非 常重要的。常重要的。Its important for us to form a good habit of studying.20. 老师叫我们在有问题的地方打上记号。老师叫我们在有问题的地方打上记号。Our teacher told us to make a mark where we have questions.19. 他不来北京的理由是下月他们将开科他不来北京的理由是下月他们将开科 学大会。学大会。The reason why he will not come to Beijing is that they will have a scientific conference next month.
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