初一英语语法总结终版.docx

初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点 看起来很细小，容易被无视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应 用上的错误.因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不 重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句 法的同学，可以参考一下，一、初一英语语法一一伺法今天讲的内容1名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式， 但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：）在后面加 So 如：fathers, books, Amer icans, Germans, apples, bananas 二x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stor ies 2以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如:day-days. boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四以。结尾加s外来词）。如：radios, photos,但如是辅音加。的加es： 如：tomatoes西红柿.potatoes马铃薯五以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 es（s）,如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-1 eaves, your seIf-you r seIves六）单复数一样不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子.Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes. socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是夏数的有:pol ice警察局，警察.class 班，同学,family家，家庭成员九）合成的豆数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词.如:act ion movie-action movies, pen pa I-pen pals:但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数那 么同时为复数“如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类，paper纸papers报 纸，卷子，论文，work工作works作品，工厂，glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯， 眼镜.orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子，light 光线 I ights 灯，peop I e 人 peoples 民族.time时间times时代，次数.chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡+）单个字母的宣数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is （I, s）, Ks （K* s）.但如是缩略词那么只加s。如：IDs. VCDs. SARs+二特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-poIicemen, Englishman-EngIishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：）单数在后面加s.如：brother s, Mike s, teacher* s二）复数以S结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如： Teachers* Day 教师节,classmates ; Children s Day六一节.Women s Day 妇女节三由and并列的名伺所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个 s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben* s room迈克和本 的房间共住一间，Mike* s and Ben* s rooms迈克和本的房间各自的房 间）2、代词工程人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s,如下：）般在词后加 s。如：comes, spel Is, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x. sh. ch. s. tch 后加 es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1 ）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加escill： study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四以o结尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is. have-hasB现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下： ） 般在后加 ing。如：spel l-spel I ing, sing-singing, see-sccing. train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加inge如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+个辅音字母注意除开字母组合如 show - showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, beg in-beginning四）以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing。如：tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进展比照时，那么要使用比较或最高级形式。构成 如下：）般在词后加er或est （如果是以e结尾那么直接加r或st）。如： greater-greatest, shorter - shortest, taller - tai lest, longer - longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+ 1个辅音字母（字母组合除外，如 few-fewer fewest）结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加 er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三）以辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加er/est.如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorr ier sorriest, friendly-friendlier fr iendliest （more friendly most friendly）, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四) 特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/welI - better best many/much - more most bad/i11 - worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词(基变序，有规那么；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、+二；其它 后接 th； y 结尾，变为 i, eth 跟上去。)first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, tweIfth: seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二初一英语语法句式1. 陈述句肯定陈述句a) This is a book, (be动词)b) He looks very young.(连系动词)c) I want a sweat I ike this.(实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)e) There s a computer on my desk. (There be 构造)否认陈述句 a) These aren t their books, b) They don t look nice.c) Kate doesn* t go to No. 4 Middle Schoo I. d) Kate can t f ind her doll.e) There isn* t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let* s learn Engl ish!c) Come in, please.否认祈使句 a) Don t be late, b) Don t hurry.3. 疑问句1) 般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she I ike salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定答复：a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes. she does, d) Yes. they do. e) Yes, she is.否认答复：a) No, he isn* t. b) No. you can* t. c) No, she doesn* t. d) No. they don t. e) No. she isn t.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or smal I?答夏 It* s big./ It* s smal I.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She i s twelve. 问种类 What kind of nx)vies do you I ike? I I ike action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is wel l/f ine. 问方式 How do/can you spel I it? L-doubIe 0-K.How do we contact you? My eFail address is cindyjones163 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 What* s the time? (=What time is it?) It s a quarter to tena. m.What time do you usually get up. Rick? At five o clock.When do you want to go? Let s go at 7:00. 问地方 Where1 s my backpack? It s under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are I ight blue.What1 s your favourite color? It* s black.()问人物 Who* s that? It1 s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn1 t at schooI? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 What s this/that (in Engl ish)? It* s a penci I case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccol i, strawberr ies and hamburgers.11 问姓名 What* s your aunt* s name? Her name is Helen. /She1 s Helen.What s your first name? My first name s Ben.What s your family name? My family name, s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you I ike? I I ike one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It s big D/smaI I f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? They re 15 dol lars.15 问 号码 What* s your phone number? It1 s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What s he doing? He s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I m a teacher.What s your father? He s a doctor.三、初一英语语法时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动伺：She s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn, t a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can1 t play the piano.彳亍为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes?They don t want to cat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn* t have a watch.2、现在进展时表示动词在此时正在发生或进展就使用进展时态，构造为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I* m playing basebal I. Are you playing baseba11? T m not playing baseba11. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a Ietter? Nancy isn t writing a letter.They re I isterling to the pop music. Are they I istening the pop music? They aren t Iistening to the pop music.