八年级英语下册 Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks（第3课时）(Grammar Focus4c)同步语法精讲精练课件 （新版）人教新目标版

Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks.第三课时第三课时(Grammar Focus4c)单元同步语法精讲精练单元同步语法精讲精练 概述动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。其基本形式为“to动词原形”，有时to可以省略；其否定形式由“not动词不定式”构成。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语等。常见用法动词不定式作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式放在句尾。动词不定式作宾语有些动词，如plan，want，agree，decide等，可接动词不定式作宾语。动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词可接动词不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，tell，want等。eg：I tell him to arrive on Sunday.我让他周日到达。【注意】在有一些动词后用作宾语补足语时，不定式通常不带to。这些动词一类是感官动词，常见的有see，hear，watch，feel，notice等；另一类是使役动词，常见的有let，make，have等。动词不定式作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中用作状语。放在句首或句尾表示目的等。eg：To catch the train，he got up early.He got up early to catch the train.为了赶火车，他早早地起了床。放在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面，作原因状语。eg：Im sorry to hear that.听到那件事我很难过。用在too.to.结构中，作结果状语。eg：He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻了，不能理解那一切。动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。eg：I have nothing to say on this question.在这个问题上我没什么要说的。【拓展】动词不定式还可以和what，which，where，when等疑问词连用，在句中作主语、表语和宾语。eg：When to start is not decided yet.还没决定什么时候开始。(作主语)The problem is where to have the party.问题是去哪儿举办聚会。(作表语)I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪儿。(作宾语) 概述概述短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。短语动词的搭配可分为六种基本类型。 基本类型基本类型动词介词动词与介词构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，其宾语位置比较固定，一般都位于介词之后。常见的此类介词有for，about，of，after，from，into，to，with，at等。eg：wait for等待；look after照顾look for寻找；hear from收到某人的来信动词副词这类短语动词有的可用作及物动词，有的可用作不及物动词。当用作及物动词且其宾语是名词时，该宾语可位于短语动词之后，也可位于短语动词之间；当其宾语是代词时，则该宾语只能置于短语动词中间。常见的此类副词有away，out，off，up，down，back，in，along等。eg：cheer up振奋起来；clean up打扫干净put up张贴；举起；get up起床turn up调大；make up编造stay up熬夜；take up开始做动词副词介词这类短语相当于一个及物动词，所带宾语总是位于介词之后。eg：run out of用完，耗尽；get out of离开，从出来；look forward to盼望，期待；come up with想出动词名词这类短语中常见的动词有have，take，give，make等。eg：have a rest休息一下；take a walk散步make a wish许愿；take a message捎个口信动词名词介词这类短语相当于一个及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。eg：have a look at看一看；make friends with与交朋友be形容词介词这类短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后。eg：be good at擅长于；be good with对有办法；be interested in对感兴趣一、根据句意一、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1The Browns decided _(travel) to Penang in Malaysia.2The teacher asked me _(answer) the question in English.3The workers wear dark glasses _(keep) their eyes safe.4Could you tell me what _ (do) next?5Mr. Green told the boy not _ (come) to school late again.6Do they have any good ideas _ (help) the homeless people?to travel to answer to keep to do to come to help 二、单项选择。二、单项选择。7We advise parents _ _ their children at home alone.(广东中考广东中考)Anot leaveBnot to leaveCleave Dto leave8I was tired out，so I stopped the car _ _ a short rest.(襄阳中考襄阳中考)Ahave Bhaving Cto have Dhad9We should do what we can _ _ our English.(锦州中考锦州中考)Aimprove BimprovedCto improve DImproving10We have to _ _ the sports meeting because of the bad weather.(吉林中考吉林中考)Aput on Bput offCput out Dput awayBCCB11When I got to the bus stop，I missed the early bus and I had to _ _ the next one.(山东中考山东中考)Agive up Bkeep offCcall off Dwait for12“Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now.We need to _ _ a plan about it.(菏泽中考菏泽中考)Acome up with Bput upCcall up Dturn up13Bob is taking the desks away because they _ _ too much room.(天津中考天津中考)Astand up Bpick upCtake up Dlisten upDAC三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子翻译。三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子翻译。14为了能在这里野餐为了能在这里野餐，我们需要把这个地方打扫干净。我们需要把这个地方打扫干净。We need to _ this place _ a picnic here.15我觉得你可以去度假让自己振奋起来。我觉得你可以去度假让自己振奋起来。I think you can take a holiday _16他们贴了一张通知以便让每个人都知道这个决定。他们贴了一张通知以便让每个人都知道这个决定。They _ a notice _ everyone know the decision.clean up to have to cheer yourself upput up to let/make 本课时其他知识点精讲精练本课时其他知识点精讲精练 raise动词动词，意为意为“筹集；征集筹集；征集”。eg：They are raising money for the poor.他们正在为穷人募捐。他们正在为穷人募捐。【拓展【拓展】raise作动词作动词，还可意为还可意为“举起举起，抬起；养育抬起；养育，饲养饲养，种植；种植；提高提高，升高升高”等。等。 重点短语归纳重点短语归纳put up举起；张贴；建造举起；张贴；建造at least至少至少be worried about为为担心担心stop doing sth.停止做停止做(正在做的正在做的)某事某事stop to do sth.停下来去做停下来去做(别的别的)某事某事1Sally，stop _ _ TV！Its time to go to bed.OK，Mum.AwatchBto watchCwatching Dwatched2The old man has no children，so he lives _ _，but he never feels _.Aalone；lonely Blonely；lonelyClonely；alone Dalone；alone3They want to _(筹钱筹钱) for building a school.4She is _(参加参加选拔选拔) the school soccer team.5Her father is always _(忙于忙于) his work.6Hes _ (担心担心) his sick mother.CAraise money trying out for busy with worried about