副词的用法 讲义 高考英语语法复习.docx

高考英语语法知识梳理副词副词的形式一、副词的构成一、副词的构成(2)以le结尾的形容词，先去掉e再加lybeautifully 美丽地commercially商业上地 carefully认真地 especially特别地；尤其 wisely聪明地honestly诚实地recently 最近形容词+后缀ly（1）直接加-ly anxiously焦虑地 closely紧密地 consequently 结果 differently 困难地 globally全球地 greatly 非常 really真正地 ably精明能干地miserably悲惨地possibly可能地comfortably 舒适地 terribly可怕地simply简单地briefly简要地 completely 完全地 roughly大约地 frankly坦白地 sincerely真诚地 obviously显然地gently温柔地 suitably适当地angrily气愤地 happily高兴地 heavily沉重地【提75】读音为ai(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾且读音为Li的形容词，先变y为i再加ly。easily容易地luckily幸运地busily繁忙地noisily喧闹地healthily健康地的形容词，直接加ly构成副词。dry干的-dryly干燥地sly狡猾的一slyly狡猾地shy害羞的一shyly害羞地(4) 以ic结尾的形容词，加ally。basically基本地 dramatically戏剧性地energetically精力充沛地 systematically 有系统地automatically 自动地 comically滑稽地 economically 经济地 scientifically 科学地 theoretically 理论上地（4）quite修饰动词We quite understand what you mean.我们完全理解你的意思。I quite enjoy practicing shadow boxing.我非常喜欢练习太极拳。（5）quite的位置You are going quite the wrong way.你完全走错路了。（定冠词之前）He is quite a clever boy.他是一个相当聪明的孩子。（不定冠词之前）He is a quite clever boy.（不定冠词之后）1. ever（1）用于一般疑问句，意为曾经。Does she ever go out at night? 她通常晚上夕卜出吗？Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾去过北京吗？（2）用于否定句，意为无论何时都不.，至今不曾.。Nothing ever happens in the lonely village,在这个偏僻的小村子里,从未 出过什么大事。We hardly ever go shopping there.我们几乎不去那里买东西。（3）用于条件句，意为曾经、有机会。If you ever come to Beijing, please let me know.如果有机会来北京,请 告诉我。If you ever have any problems, please call me.你若有问题，请给我打电 话。（4）与比较级连用，意为以前、以往、任何时候。It is raining hard than ever.雨下得比之前更大了。When she got the letter, she became angrier than ever,拿至ij信后，女也 比之前更生气了。（5）与最高级连用，意为空前、有史以来、从来没有I think she is the best actress ever.我认为她是迄今为止最优秀的女演员。This is the biggest harvest ever.这是前所未有的大丰收。【辨析】我从来没有读过这么好的书。【误】This is the best book that I have never read.【正】This is the best book that I have ever read.（6）与疑问词连用，加强语气，意为到底、究竟。How ever did I forget it?我怎么竟然把它忘了呢？Which ever do you want?你到底要哪一个？Who ever can it be?到底是谁呀？When ever did you lose it? 你到底何时将它遗失的？Where ever did you see the panda?你到底在哪里看见那只熊猫的？（7）构成短语。as .as ever 和以前一样 ever since 自从ever more 越发，越来越for ever （and ever）永远if ever很少，难得than ever比以前更Although she is old, she is as beautiful as ever.她虽年纪大了，但风韵依 旧。She has known me ever since she was a girl.她从孩提时候起，就认识我。2. after all（1）表示结果与预想的不同，常用于句尾，意为结果，终究。Im so sorry, I cant come, after all.对不起，结果我还是不能来。He turned up after all.他终究露面了。（2）导出原因，常用于句首，意为毕竟，究竟After all, shes a big girl now,毕竟，她现在是大姑娘了。Its not surprising youre tired.After all, you were up until three last night!你累了不稀奇。毕竟，你昨晚三点才睡觉。副词的形式二、易混副词二、易混副词.形式相近意义不同的同根副词He threw the ball high into the ai.他把球高高地抛向空中。（具体意义高 高地）They spoke highly of his behaviour.他们高度赞扬了他的行为。（抽象意义高度地）The dentist asked me to open wide.牙医要我张大嘴巴。（具体意义张大地）He is widely read.他博览群书。（抽象意义广泛地）The ship sank deep into the sea JH深深地沉入了海底。（具体意义深深地）He cares for her deeply.他深深地爱着她。（抽象意义深深地）1 .形容词和副词的同形兼类词（1）时间名词+ly构成的词（2）形容词和副词的同形兼类词续表They had an early breakfast.他们吃了一顿很早的早饭。（early adj.）They had breakfast early.他们很早就吃了早饭。（early adv.）They went taking a fast train.他们乘快车走的。（fast adj.）Dont speak so fast.不要讲得那么快。（fast adv.）He wants a straight answer to this question.他要一个直截了当的答案来回答这个问题。（straight adj.）Tell me straight what you think,直截了当地告诉我你的想法。（straight adv.）副词的形式三、副词的分类early 早presently不久，目前tomorrow 明天first最先second其次away离开far远inside在里面off离开there在那里awfully 相当三、副词的分类1 .时间副词(1) 表示发生时间ago以前finally 最后 immediately 立亥4 recently 最近 sometime将来某时 tonight 今晚(2) 表示时间顺序after后来 later后来 last最后 then然后2 .地点副词above在上面 backwards 向后 downstairs 在楼下 forward (s)向前 here在这里 near 近 nowhere 无处 outside在外面 over在上方 upstairs在楼上3 .程度副词 absolutely 绝对地 completely 完全地before以前lately近来soon不久finally 最后next其次across越过 everywhere 至ij处 home在家out在外面somewhere 某处almost几乎地forever永远frequently 频繁地尔rarely很少地regularly定期地usually 通常7 .疑问副词enormously 非常地 extremely极端地 greatly 非常 nearly儿乎 partly部分地 rather相当 scarcely几乎不 thoroughly 彻底地4 .方式副词actively活跃地 badly坏地 calmly平静地 easily容易地 fast快地 quickly敏捷地 quietly静悄悄地 wrongly错误地5 .否定副词barely儿乎不 not不nowhere任何地方都不 seldom彳艮少.频度副词always总是entirely全部地 just正是 perfectly完美地 slightly 稍微how如何carefully小心地 gladly高兴地 simply 只hardly儿乎不rarely很少地constantly 经常地 often经常 repeatedly 重复地exactly正确地much非常quite十分地so那么anyhow无论如何 distinctly 清晰地 hard困难地 wisely聪明地never永不，决不 scarcely儿乎不continually 不断 occasionally 偶 sometimes 有时how如何however究竟如何when在什么时候whenever究竟什么时候where在哪里wherever究竟在哪里why为什么8.关系副词where 的也方when 的时候 why 的原因【比较】The year when I was born is 1948.我出生那年是 1948。（when 关系 副词）He asks me when I9 .连接副词（1）引导句子 anyhow/anyway 不管， 样 meanwhile 同 moreover 再者then然后 therefore 因此（2）引导名词性从句 when why where how 10.句子副词 frankly坦率地 obviously明显地 evidently显然地 fortunately 幸运地 luckily侥幸地 hopefully有希望地He asks me when I9 .连接副词（1）引导句子 anyhow/anyway 不管， 样 meanwhile 同 moreover 再者then然后 therefore 因此（2）引导名词性从句 when why where how 10.句子副词 frankly坦率地 obviously明显地 evidently显然地 fortunately 幸运地 luckily侥幸地 hopefully有希望地born .他问我何时出生besides 况且 otherwise 否则 though然而honestly诚实地generally 一般地 unexpectedly意夕卜地（when疑问副词）however不管怎 still尽管如此 thus因此clearly清楚地briefly简略地 naturally自然地副词的作用一、副词的句法作用一、副词的句法作用1.作状语（1）修饰动词（包括不定式、动名词、分词等）Mary recovered slowly.玛丽复原得很慢。（slowly 修饰动词 recovered） He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼了。（upstairs修饰不定式to go）He was praised for having done the work wonderfully.他因工作出色而受表扬.（wonderfully修饰动名词having done）（2）修饰形容词The food is very delicious.食物很可口。（very 修饰 delicious）His grades are not good enough for a scholarship.他的成绩远未好到得奖学金。（enough修饰good）（3）修饰副词He speaks English quite fluently.他讲英文十分流利。（quite 修饰 fluently） He spoke too quickly for me to understand.他说得太快，我听不懂。（too 修饰 quickly）（4）修饰介词短语Our company is badly in need of new blood.我们公司急需新人。（badly修饰in need of new blood）We are all against the plan.我们全部反对这个计划。（all 修饰 against the plan）（5）修饰状语从句He left there soon after I arrived.我到后不久他就离开那里。（soon修饰状语从句）Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.当他告诉我这个消息时我才知道发生了什么。（only修饰状语从句） 6）修饰全句actually apparently certainly clearly definitely evidentlyfortunatelyfranklyhonestlyluckily obviouslyperhapspossiblyprobablysurelyundoubtedlyunexpectedlyHappily, he didnt die.幸亏他没死。Certainly, I will stand by you forever.当然，我会支持你到底。【比较】Clearly he didnt say so.显然他没有这样说。（句子副词）He didnt say so clearly.他说得没有那么清楚。（方式副词）Frankly, you are wrong.说实在的，你错了。（句子副词）He spoke frankly about his past life.他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。（方式副词）2 .作后置定语herethereabroadhomeabovebelowinoutoutdoorsupdownupstairsdownstairstodaytomorrowyesterdayI had the good fortune to be chosen for a trip abroad.我真幸运，被选中出国旅行。（abroad修饰trip）Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed. 她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点己经转变。（yesterday修饰speech）He turned the radio down so that he shouldnt disturb the old lady downstairs.为了不打扰楼下的老太太，他把收音机音量调低了。（downstairs 修饰 lady）3 .作表语herethereupdownawaynearbybackinhomeaheadupstairsdownstairsoffthroughonoverShe is out.她出去了。He seems abroad.他好像出国了。Beauty is everywhere.美无处不在。【提示】英语中用可作表语的副词主要是地点副词。4 .作补足语Ask the children in.让孩子们都进来。（in作宾语补足语）Keep the fire on for a few minutes.让火持续儿分钟。（on作宾语补足语） Im pleased to see you back.你回来我很高兴。（back作宾语补足语） The boy was seen upstairs.有人看见这个男孩在楼上。（upstairs作主语补 足语）.作介词宾语I havent seen him since then.从那时起我就没再见到他了。（then 作 since 的宾语）The museum is very far from here.博物馆离这儿很远。（here 作 from 的 宾语）副词的作用二、疑问副词、连接副词与关系副词的区别二、疑问副词、连接副词与关系副词的区别.疑问副词引导特殊问句How is your grandmothers rheumatism?你奶奶的风湿病怎么样了？Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？When can you come? 你什么时候能来？Why was he so late?他为什么来得那么晚？1 .连接副词（1）引导名词性从句When we arrive doesnt matter,我们什么时候到没有关系。（主语从句）He asks me when I was born.他问我何时出生。（宾语从句）Thats how I look at it.这是我的看法。（表语从句）Thats why I came round,这就是我来的原因。（表语从句）We have no idea at all where he has gone.我们根本不知道他去哪里了。（同位语从句）（2）构成不定式短语Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？I cant decide where to go for my holidays.我定不下来去哪度假。Tell me when to use this construction.告诉我什么时候用这种结构。【提示】why不能构成不定式短语。3.关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句We then moved to Paris, where we lived for 6 years.此后我们搬到巴黎，在那里住了 6年。There came a day when the rain fell in torrents.有一天下起了倾盆大雨。 The reason why he came is not very convincing j也来的理由不太有说月艮 力。副词的作用三、特殊副词的用法三、特殊副词的用法1.quite(1) quite修饰形容词What she said was quite true.她说的话完全属实。She is quite right.她完全正确。This is quite impossible.这是完全不可能的。(2) quite修饰介词短语Our meeting in London was quite by chance.我们在伦敦的会面颇为偶然。 This saying is quite out of date.这种说法己经完全过时。(3) quite修饰数量短语quite a lot许多quite a time很长一段时间quite an effort很大努力 quite a while 一段相当长的时间quite a few 相当多quite a little 相当多He has quite a bit of courage也有相当大的勇气。There are quite a few illustrations in the book.书中有相当数量的插图。 His show made quite a deep impression on the audience也的表演给观 众留下了深刻的印象。