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I dont know how many people are under the ruins, but I do know most of them are in great need of our help.2Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection can we solve the problem of pollution.3At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist for help.4We have to take environmental protection into consideration when developing the economy.5I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world.1我不知道多少人被埋在废墟下,但是我确实知道他们非我不知道多少人被埋在废墟下,但是我确实知道他们非常需要我们的帮助。常需要我们的帮助。2只有当我们认识到环境保护的重要性时,我们才能解决只有当我们认识到环境保护的重要性时,我们才能解决污染问题。污染问题。3当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于游客。当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于游客。4发展经济的同时,我们必须考虑保护环境。发展经济的同时,我们必须考虑保护环境。5我敬佩爱迪生,因为他对世界作出了巨大贡献。我敬佩爱迪生,因为他对世界作出了巨大贡献。2 n. 尺寸;措施尺寸;措施vt. 测量;测度测量;测度1 vt.领导;率领;致使领导;率领;致使 vi. 通向;导致通向;导致 adj. 领头的;领先的领头的;领先的leadmeasurecommon3 adj. 共同的;普遍的共同的;普遍的.高频单词必记高频单词必记 一、考纲词汇识记一、考纲词汇识记4 adj. 贵重的;有价值的贵重的;有价值的5 vt. 减少;缩减;简化减少;缩减;简化6 n. 数量数量7 n. 包裹;包包裹;包 vt. 包装包装8 n. 材料;原料材料;原料9 adj.环境的环境的 n环境环境valuablereduceamountpackagematerialenvironmentalenvironment11 vi.回答;响应回答;响应 n回答;答复;回答;答复; 反应;响应反应;响应12 adj.有害的;伤害的有害的;伤害的 adj.无害的;无害的;不致伤的不致伤的 n. & vt.损害;伤害损害;伤害respondresponseharmfulharmless10 vt.使适应;改编使适应;改编 adj.可适应的;可适应的; 可改编的可改编的adaptadaptableharm二、高频词汇活用二、高频词汇活用(一一)一言辨异一言辨异13Although the working mother is very busy,she still _ a lot of time to her children.I respect her _ to her children.Her son,to whom she is so _,will go abroad in a few days.(devote)答案:答案: devotes;devotion;devoted(二二)用用attract及其派生词的适当形式填空及其派生词的适当形式填空14(1)The company is starting a new advertising campaign to _ new customers to its stores.(2)The Forbidden City is a major tourist _,which is one of the most _ places Ive been to.答案:答案: (1)attract(2)attraction;attractive1 砍倒;减少砍倒;减少cut down2 在危险中;垂危在危险中;垂危3 (物种、家族等物种、家族等)灭绝;灭绝;(习惯、观念等习惯、观念等)逐渐消失逐渐消失4 作为作为(的的)结果结果5 导致某种结果;导致某种结果;(道路道路)通向通向6 采取措施采取措施in dangerdie outas a result oflead totake measures.重点短语必背重点短语必背7 适应适应(新环境等新环境等)adapt to8 有关系;有影响;紧要有关系;有影响;紧要9 捡起;搭车;习得;染上捡起;搭车;习得;染上 (坏习惯等坏习惯等);恢复;好转;恢复;好转make a differencepick up10 献身于献身于;专心于;专心于devote.to11 扔掉扔掉12 释放释放throw awayset free.经典句型必会经典句型必会1We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us.如果没有周围的植物和动物,我们人类就无法生存。如果没有周围的植物和动物,我们人类就无法生存。解读:解读:without短语用于虚拟条件句中短语用于虚拟条件句中仿写:没有你的帮助,我们就不可能提前完成这项工作。仿写:没有你的帮助,我们就不可能提前完成这项工作。_,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.答案:答案:Without your help2If we want to live a better life and have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things.如果我们想过较好的生活并有光明的未来,我们必须如果我们想过较好的生活并有光明的未来,我们必须学会避免伤害其他生物。学会避免伤害其他生物。解读:解读:that引导定语从句修饰引导定语从句修饰ways仿写:他主张用和平的方式解决这个问题。仿写:他主张用和平的方式解决这个问题。He suggested that we should solve the problem _.答案:答案:in a way which was peaceful3They are all used to their environment;that is,they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.它们都习惯了它们的环境,也就是说,它们学会了如它们都习惯了它们的环境,也就是说,它们学会了如何在自己的栖息地成功地生活。何在自己的栖息地成功地生活。解读:解读:that is“也就是说也就是说”,在句中作插入语,在句中作插入语仿写:你没有通过考试,也就是说,你今年不能上大仿写:你没有通过考试,也就是说,你今年不能上大学了。学了。You failed in the exam;_,you cant go to university this year.答案:答案:that is (to say)4There are few areas left where pandas can live.大熊猫生存的空间剩下的不多了。大熊猫生存的空间剩下的不多了。解读:解读:there be .left 还留下还留下。仿写:快点,只剩下仿写:快点,只剩下5分钟了。分钟了。Hurry up;_.答案:答案:there is only five minutes left 5We often talk about how important it is to take good care of ourselves and our planet,but we dont always do as we say.我们常常谈到照顾好我们自己和我们的星球是多么的重我们常常谈到照顾好我们自己和我们的星球是多么的重要,但是我们不总是按照说的做。要,但是我们不总是按照说的做。解读:解读:as 连词,意为连词,意为“依照依照,如,如”。仿写:无论你去那里,都应该入乡随俗。仿写:无论你去那里,都应该入乡随俗。No matter where you go,you should do in Rome _.答案:答案:as the Romans do1measure n尺寸;措施;标准尺寸;措施;标准 vt.测量;估量测量;估量 vi.量;量;有有长长(或宽、高等或宽、高等)教材教材P66P66原句原句If we know more about what causes endangerment,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.假如我们更多地了解致使生物濒危的原因,就能够及时假如我们更多地了解致使生物濒危的原因,就能够及时采取补救措施。采取补救措施。Each of his ears measured approximately 11. 5 inches long. (2012浙江高考阅读浙江高考阅读B)他的每只耳朵长约他的每只耳朵长约11.5英寸。英寸。take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事采取措施做某事make sth.to ones own measure 按某人的尺寸做某物按某人的尺寸做某物take ones measure/take the measure of sb. 量某人的尺寸量某人的尺寸beyond measure 难于估计,非常,极其难于估计,非常,极其How much wealth a person has is often used as a measure of a persons success.一个人拥有多少财富往往被用来衡量一个人成功的标准。一个人拥有多少财富往往被用来衡量一个人成功的标准。You should your working conditions.你们应采取有效措施来改善你们的工作条件。你们应采取有效措施来改善你们的工作条件。I went to the tailors to make a suit to my own measure last week.上周我去裁缝店量体做了一套衣服。上周我去裁缝店量体做了一套衣服。take effective measures to improve2adapt vt.使适应,使适合;改编,改造使适应,使适合;改编,改造 vi.适应适应教材教材P66P66原句原句When the habitat of a species is changed or destroyed,the animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new home.当一个物种的栖息地被改变或被破坏时,这个物种要么当一个物种的栖息地被改变或被破坏时,这个物种要么必须适应这种改变,要么寻找新的家园。必须适应这种改变,要么寻找新的家园。(1)adapt for使适合于;为使适合于;为改编改编 adapt from 根据根据改写改写(2)adapt/adjust oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于使自己适应或习惯于 adapt sth.to 使某事物适应或适合使某事物适应或适合(3)adaptable adj. 可适应的,可改编的可适应的,可改编的 adaptation n. 适应;改编本适应;改编本Whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.(2012浙江高考阅读浙江高考阅读A)这种野兔能否尽快地改变以适应生存是一个大问题。这种野兔能否尽快地改变以适应生存是一个大问题。Everyone needs to do something to the social and economical changes.每个人都要采取措施来适应社会经济的变化。每个人都要采取措施来适应社会经济的变化。Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说有三部已被改编成电视节目。她的长篇小说有三部已被改编成电视节目。adapt to3common adj.常见的;普通的;共同的;平常的;寻常的常见的;普通的;共同的;平常的;寻常的教材教材P68P68原句原句Professor Stevenson explained to the stude-nts that the milu deer had been very common in China a long time ago.史蒂文森教授向学生们解释说,很久以前麋鹿在中国很史蒂文森教授向学生们解释说,很久以前麋鹿在中国很常见。常见。We are working together for a common purpose.我们在为一个共同的目标一起工作。我们在为一个共同的目标一起工作。have.in common 与与有相同点,与有相同点,与有共同之处有共同之处in common (with) (与与)共有,共同共有,共同common good 共同利益共同利益common sense 常识常识Although they are sisters,they have nothing in common.尽管她们是姐妹,她们却没有相同之处。尽管她们是姐妹,她们却没有相同之处。 many boys,he likes to play football.跟许多的男孩子一样,他喜欢足球。跟许多的男孩子一样,他喜欢足球。In common with4devote vt.(与与to连用连用)献身;专心于献身;专心于教材教材P68P68原句原句Professor Stevenson,who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer,gave a talk to Chinese college students in Beijing.史蒂文森教授专心致力于保护麋鹿,在北京为中国的大史蒂文森教授专心致力于保护麋鹿,在北京为中国的大学生作了一个报告。学生作了一个报告。(1)devote oneself to献身于;专心于献身于;专心于 devote ones life to 献身于献身于 devote ones time/energy to在在花费时间或精力花费时间或精力(2)devoted adj. 热爱的,忠实的热爱的,忠实的 be devoted to专心于;忠心于;深爱专心于;忠心于;深爱(3)devotion n. 献身,忠心献身,忠心 devotion to sb./sth. 忠心于;热爱忠心于;热爱;专心于;专心于After graduation,he continued to devote himself to research.毕业后,他继续从事研究工作。毕业后,他继续从事研究工作。He the cure of cancer.他的他的一生都在研究癌症的治疗。一生都在研究癌症的治疗。He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding a cure for the disease.他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。The death of his friend made him sad.他忠实的朋友的去世使他很悲痛。他忠实的朋友的去世使他很悲痛。As a child I was always aware of my parents devotion to each other.作为孩子,我一直很清楚我父母彼此的深爱。作为孩子,我一直很清楚我父母彼此的深爱。devoted his whole life to studyingdevoted5respond vi.回答;响应回答;响应教材教材P69P69原句原句Scientists who know a lot about the envi-ronment say that we should “Reduce,Reuse,Recycl-e and Respond”熟悉环保的科学家说,我们应该熟悉环保的科学家说,我们应该“节减,回收再利用,节减,回收再利用,回报自然回报自然”。(1)respond to 对对作出反应作出反应/回应回应(2)response n回答;响应回答;响应 in response to 响应;反应响应;反应 make a quick response to 对对快速反应快速反应(3)responsible adj. 有责任的;负责的有责任的;负责的 be responsible for 对对负责;是负责;是的原因的原因She responded to my letter with a phone call.她收到我的信,给我回了个电话。她收到我的信,给我回了个电话。The product was developed customer demand.此产品的开发是为了满足顾客的要求。此产品的开发是为了满足顾客的要求。Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of dea-ths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡者,约因患肺癌而死亡者,约90%是吸烟是吸烟所致。所致。in response to(2012重庆高考完形填空重庆高考完形填空)Plants make such good companions: they breathe, they bloom, they _ to care and love.AdevoteBturnCrespond Dlead解析:句意:植物成为了好伙伴:它们呼吸,它们开花,解析:句意:植物成为了好伙伴:它们呼吸,它们开花,它们对呵护和爱有回应。它们对呵护和爱有回应。respond to“对对反应,反应, 响应响应”,符合句意。符合句意。答案:答案:C.单词拼写单词拼写1The government has promised to take _(措施措施) to help the unemployed.答案:答案: measures/steps/action2Ice cream is _(有吸引力的有吸引力的) to children.答案:答案: attractive3He started to study ecology and decided to _(献身献身) his whole life to the science.4I invited her to dinner but she did not _(回答回答)5Its _(有害的有害的) to your eyes to read in the bus or in the sun.答案:答案: harmful答案:答案: respond答案:答案: devote6When he moved to Canada,the children _ (适应适应) to the change very well.答案:答案: adapted/adjusted7The _(环境的环境的) problems caused by the local industry have threatened the peoples normal life.答案:答案: environmental8This is one of the most _(有价值的有价值的) lessons I have learned.答案:答案: valuable.单项填空单项填空1(2013福建三校质检福建三校质检)Busy as the man is, he _ every weekend to staying with his wife and children. ApicksBspendsCdevotes Dtakes解析:考查动词用法。句意:这个人虽然很忙,但是他解析:考查动词用法。句意:这个人虽然很忙,但是他总是把每一个周末用于陪妻子和孩子。总是把每一个周末用于陪妻子和孩子。devote .to . “把把奉献给,把奉献给,把专用于专用于”,符合句意及用法。,符合句意及用法。答案:答案:C2(2012呼和浩特模拟呼和浩特模拟)To his disappointment, he failed to _ himself to the new environment.Aadopt BadaptCattach Dadjust解析:考查动词的辨析。句意:令他失望的是,他未能解析:考查动词的辨析。句意:令他失望的是,他未能适应新环境。适应新环境。adapt oneself to“使自己适应使自己适应”。adopt“采采纳纳”;attach“系系”;adjust“调整调整”。答案:答案:B3(2012重庆模拟重庆模拟) Nick had the table _, and it _ two meters long.Ato measure; was measuredBto measure; measuredCmeasured; was measuredDmeasured; measured解析:句意:解析:句意:Nick让人量了一下这张桌子,它有两米长。让人量了一下这张桌子,它有两米长。have sth. done“让别人做了某事让别人做了某事”;measure表示表示“量,量,有有长长(宽、高等宽、高等)”时,是不及物动词,不用被动语态时,是不及物动词,不用被动语态及进行时态。及进行时态。答案:答案:D4Whoever has_sense knows that smoking is harmful to peoples health.Anormal BgeneralCordinary Dcommon解析:句意:任何有常识的人都知道吸烟有害健康。解析:句意:任何有常识的人都知道吸烟有害健康。common sense“常识常识”。答案:答案:D5The school should _immediately to the parents request that students attend classes on Sundays.Aanswer BobeyCfollow Drespond解析:句意:学校应该对家长们要求学生周日上课这件解析:句意:学校应该对家长们要求学生周日上课这件事立刻作出回应。事立刻作出回应。respond to“对对作出回应作出回应”。答案:答案:D1lead to通向;导致通向;导致 高考例句高考例句 Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. (2012浙江高考阅读浙江高考阅读C)针对夹心面包的嬉笑可能会引起辱骂,这转而又可能导致暴针对夹心面包的嬉笑可能会引起辱骂,这转而又可能导致暴力冲突。力冲突。Hard work leads to success and failure often lies in laziness.辛勤工作通向成功,失败在于懒惰。辛勤工作通向成功,失败在于懒惰。A reward has been offered for information leading to the arrest of the thieves.已公开悬赏线索,以便将窃贼绳之以法。已公开悬赏线索,以便将窃贼绳之以法。lead the way带路;示范带路;示范lead sb.to do sth. 致使某人做某事致使某人做某事lead a.life 过过的生活的生活be in the lead(take the lead) 居领先地位居领先地位With the boy ,we had no difficulty in finding your house.由这个男孩带路,我们毫无困难地找到了你家。由这个男孩带路,我们毫无困难地找到了你家。What led you to draw this conclusion?是什么让你得出这个结论的?是什么让你得出这个结论的?They during the war.战争期间,他们过着艰难的生活。战争期间,他们过着艰难的生活。leading the wayled a hard life2die out灭绝;灭绝;(风俗,习惯等风俗,习惯等)逐渐消失逐渐消失 教材教材P66P66原句原句Many of the earths plants and animals have already died out,and several other species are endangered.地球上有许多动植物已经灭绝,不少其他的物种也濒地球上有许多动植物已经灭绝,不少其他的物种也濒临灭绝。临灭绝。Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out.或许是太多的争斗导致了恐龙的灭绝。或许是太多的争斗导致了恐龙的灭绝。Many old customs are dying out.很多古老的习俗正在消失。很多古老的习俗正在消失。die away减弱,淡化减弱,淡化die down 逐渐减弱、降低逐渐减弱、降低die off 相继死去相继死去With the plane disappearing in the distance,the noise .随着飞机在远处消失,它发出的噪音也渐渐消失了。随着飞机在远处消失,它发出的噪音也渐渐消失了。Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life.(2012江西高考阅读江西高考阅读A)然后,就在它然后,就在它(光芒光芒)刚刚活跃起来的时候,它就逐渐消失了。刚刚活跃起来的时候,它就逐渐消失了。is dying away3make a big difference有很大影响有很大影响/关系关系教材教材P67P67原句原句Even small things can make a big difference.甚至很小的事情也能起很大的作用。甚至很小的事情也能起很大的作用。She says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a difference in the world.(2012山东高考完形填空山东高考完形填空)她说她会继续这工作,因为她喜欢这种让世界变得不同的她说她会继续这工作,因为她喜欢这种让世界变得不同的感觉。感觉。(1)make a/some/much/little/no difference to. 对对有有/有一些有一些/有很大有很大/有很小有很小/没有影响没有影响(2)differ from与与不同;不同意不同;不同意(某人意见或某人某人意见或某人) differ in 在在方面不同方面不同 differ with sb. 与某人意见不同与某人意见不同(3)be different from 与与不同不同It doesnt make much difference whether he will come or not tomorrow.他明天来不来没有多大影响。他明天来不来没有多大影响。Age shouldnt make any difference to whether you get the job or not.你能否得到这个工作应该与年龄无关。你能否得到这个工作应该与年龄无关。I greatly them on the plan.我与他们在这项计划上意见很不同。我与他们在这项计划上意见很不同。differwith.完成句子完成句子1Many factory workers are _(有有失去工作的危险失去工作的危险) because of the economic crisis.答案:答案:in danger of losing their jobs2This could be the best chance.Dont _(放放过它过它)!答案:答案:throw it away3This kind of discussion will certainly _(导导致致) still greater differences between the two parties.答案:答案:lead to4The country is changing very quickly and many of the old traditions _(在消失在消失)答案:答案:are dying out5As far as I know,most students have little difficulty _(适应大学生活适应大学生活)答案:答案:(in) adapting to college life6Whether you go or stay will _(无关无关紧要紧要)答案:答案:make no difference.单项填空单项填空1(2013宁波模拟宁波模拟)Sara went to Africa as a volunteer in order to make a _ to the life of the children there. Asense BdifferenceCpromise Dpoint解析:考查名词的辨析。句意:作为一名志愿者解析:考查名词的辨析。句意:作为一名志愿者Sara去去了非洲,为的是给那儿的孩子的生活带来改变。了非洲,为的是给那儿的孩子的生活带来改变。make a difference“有影响,起重要作用有影响,起重要作用”,固定搭配。,固定搭配。sense“感感觉觉”;promise“诺言诺言”;point“要点要点”。答案:答案:B2As is known to us all, success usually_diligence while laziness can_failure.Aresults from; lie in Bresults in; lead toCresults in; lie in Dresults from; lead to解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:众所周知,成功源于解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:众所周知,成功源于勤奋,懒惰导致失败。勤奋,懒惰导致失败。result in与与lead to意为意为“导致导致”;result from“源于,起因是源于,起因是”;lie in“在于在于”。根据句意,。根据句意,D项正确。项正确。答案:答案:D3If we dont take steps, the Tibetan antelopes and pandas will _ some day just as dinosaurs, which is terrible.Adie out Bdie awayCdie down Ddie off解析:句意:如果我们不采取措施,藏羚羊和熊猫总有一解析:句意:如果我们不采取措施,藏羚羊和熊猫总有一天会像恐龙一样消失,这是很可怕的。天会像恐龙一样消失,这是很可怕的。die out “渐渐消渐渐消亡亡”;die away“(声音、光线、风等声音、光线、风等)逐渐消失逐渐消失”;die down“(火、情绪、风暴等火、情绪、风暴等)由强变弱由强变弱”;die off“(家族、种家族、种族等族等)相继死亡相继死亡”。答案:答案:A1We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us.如果没有周围的植物和动物,我们人类就无法生存。如果没有周围的植物和动物,我们人类就无法生存。本句使用了虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来情况的假设,本句使用了虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来情况的假设,without all the plants and animals around us if there were no plants and animals around us。without,with与与but for都可用于虚拟句,引出一个相当于条件状语从句都可用于虚拟句,引出一个相当于条件状语从句的介词短语,它们可以转换成条件状语从句。的介词短语,它们可以转换成条件状语从句。Without air,water and sunlight,there would be no living things.没有空气、水和阳光,就不会有生命。没有空气、水和阳光,就不会有生命。What would you do with a million dollars(if you had a million dollars)?如果有一百万美元你将要做什么?如果有一百万美元你将要做什么?But for the war in Libya, people there would have been living a normal life.要不是利比亚战争,那里的人正过着一种正常的生活。要不是利比亚战争,那里的人正过着一种正常的生活。2If we want to live a better life and have a bright future,we must learn to act in ways that do not harm other liv-ing things.如果我们想过较好的生活并有光明的未来,如果我们想过较好的生活并有光明的未来,我们必须学会避免伤害其他生物。我们必须学会避免伤害其他生物。.that do not harm other living things是限制性定语从句,是限制性定语从句,修饰前面的名词修饰前面的名词ways,其中的,其中的that是关系代词,在此作是关系代词,在此作定语从句的主语,不可省略。定语从句的主语,不可省略。way意为意为“方式,方法方式,方法”时,作为先行词在定语从句中不作时,作为先行词在定语从句中不作主语、宾语或表语时,其定语从句的引导词用主语、宾语或表语时,其定语从句的引导词用in which或或that或不填;反之,当或不填;反之,当way在从句中作主语、宾语或表语在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时,引导词用时,引导词用that或或which或不填或不填(作宾语时作宾语时)。I dont understand the way(that/in which) they worked out the problem.我不理解他们解决问题的方式。我不理解他们解决问题的方式。We decided to finish our work in a way was effective.我们决定以有效的方式完成我们的工作。我们决定以有效的方式完成我们的工作。(作主语作主语)which/that1(2012百色模拟百色模拟)More effective measures must be taken to protect pandas because there is only a few _ in the world.Aremaining BremainedCleft Dexisted解析:句意:必须采取更多有效措施来保护大熊猫,因解析:句意:必须采取更多有效措施来保护大熊猫,因为世界上剩下的已经为数不多了。为世界上剩下的已经为数不多了。 there be .left“还剩还剩下下”,left为为leave的过去分词作后置定语;的过去分词作后置定语;remaining“剩下的剩下的”,常作前置定语。,常作前置定语。答案:答案:C2(2012浙江六校联考浙江六校联考)You should write in the way _ makes you feel most comfortable.Ain which BthatC Dhow解析:先行词为解析:先行词为way,引导词在定语从句中作主语,故,引导词在定语从句中作主语,故用用that或或which引导。引导。答案:答案:B3Without the contributions of Qian Xuesen,the father of Chinese missile,the achievements in space technology _ unthinkable in China.Awould be Bwould have beenCwas Dshall have been解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有中国导弹之父钱解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有中国导弹之父钱学森的贡献的话,中国的太空科技将无法想象。从句意学森的贡献的话,中国的太空科技将无法想象。从句意看,是对过去相反的假设,故选看,是对过去相反的假设,故选B。答案:答案:B
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