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二、细节理解题 Unit 1A(2012全国卷全国卷A)【话题话题】社会生活社会生活 词数词数: 231w 难度难度: Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所住所)as they are. Some owners willleave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non- frozen water. If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them. 【语篇导读语篇导读】严寒的天气会给人带来痛苦，同样会给你的宠物严寒的天气会给人带来痛苦，同样会给你的宠物带来痛苦和危险。所以，为了宠物的温暖和安全，你可以做点带来痛苦和危险。所以，为了宠物的温暖和安全，你可以做点什么。什么。1. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1? A. They are often forgotten by their owners. B. They are used to living outdoors. C. They build their own shelters. D. They like to stay in warm places. 【解析解析】选选D。推理判断题。第一段告诉我们。推理判断题。第一段告诉我们their pets are just as used to the warm shelter as they are. 如果你想当然地认为它如果你想当然地认为它们习惯于住在户外，会使它们有得病的危险。可见，它们也喜们习惯于住在户外，会使它们有得病的危险。可见，它们也喜欢住在温暖的地方。故选欢住在温暖的地方。故选D。 2. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather? A. To know when to bring them inside. B. To keep them from eating bad food. C. To help them find shelters. D. To keep them company. 【解析解析】选选A。细节理解题。由文章的第二段。细节理解题。由文章的第二段If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. 可知，让主人陪着可知，让主人陪着宠物一起在户外的原因就是适时地让它们回到屋里。故选宠物一起在户外的原因就是适时地让它们回到屋里。故选A。 3. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may_. A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild【解析解析】选选A。细节理解题。从文章的最后一段。细节理解题。从文章的最后一段Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. 可知，水结冰，宠物就没有水喝。可知，水结冰，宠物就没有水喝。所以选所以选A。B项错在项错在for fun, C项动词不对，项动词不对，D项文中未提到。项文中未提到。 4. What is the purpose of this text? A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice. C. To tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result. 【解析解析】选选B。主旨大意题。整篇文章的写作目的就是像第一。主旨大意题。整篇文章的写作目的就是像第一段最后一句总结的那样段最后一句总结的那样There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. 。下文都是对。下文都是对keep your animal warm and safe方法的进一步介绍。所以文章的写作目的就是方法的进一步介绍。所以文章的写作目的就是给读者介绍几种给读者介绍几种keep your animal warm and safe的方法。故选的方法。故选B。【长难句分析长难句分析】Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them. 分析：分析：该句是一个复合句，该句是一个复合句，that dont have clean and unfrozen water为限制性定语从句，修饰为限制性定语从句，修饰Animals；which may contain something unhealthy for them是一个非限制性定语从句，解释是一个非限制性定语从句，解释说明说明dirty water。译文：译文：那些没有干净和融化的水喝的动物可能会喝外面的脏水，那些没有干净和融化的水喝的动物可能会喝外面的脏水，脏水里可能含有不利于它们健康的东西。脏水里可能含有不利于它们健康的东西。 B（2012湖北湖北B）【话题话题】文化教育文化教育 词数词数: 394w 难度难度: When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days. It goes like this: You cant take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. Wed take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe ataxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didnt like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Moms friend was waiting to give us a ride homeour first car ride of the day. The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal（多方式的）（多方式的）. She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidencethe product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels. Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light- rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolboxand often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet. On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, wheres the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river? Im writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didnt try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me. 【 语 篇 导 读语 篇 导 读 】 在 我 们 小 的 时 候 ， 妈 妈 经 常 带 我 们 进 行在 我 们 小 的 时 候 ， 妈 妈 经 常 带 我 们 进 行“Transportation Days”，即在一次旅程中任何交通工具的使，即在一次旅程中任何交通工具的使用都不能超过一次。我们从中获益甚多。用都不能超过一次。我们从中获益甚多。5. Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days? A. Having a car ride. B. Taking the train twice. C. Buying more than one toy. D. Touring the historic district. 【解析解析】选选B。细节理解题。文章第二段第一句。细节理解题。文章第二段第一句It goes like this: You cant take any means of transportation more than once. 可知，可知，任何交通工具的使用都不能超过一次。所以正确选项为任何交通工具的使用都不能超过一次。所以正确选项为B。 6. According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days? A. Building confidence in herself. B. Reducing her use of private cars. C. Developing her sense of direction. D. Giving her knowledge about vehicles. 【 解 析解 析 】 选选 A 。 细 节 理 解 题 。 由 文 章 第 三 段 内 容 可 知。 细 节 理 解 题 。 由 文 章 第 三 段 内 容 可 知Transportation Days的益处不仅仅是教会我们怎样四处游逛，的益处不仅仅是教会我们怎样四处游逛，更重要的是妈妈认为只依靠轿车这一种交通工具会造成孩子想更重要的是妈妈认为只依靠轿车这一种交通工具会造成孩子想像力和自信的丧失。由此可知正确选项为像力和自信的丧失。由此可知正确选项为A。 7. The underlined word “paralyzed” (in Para. 5) is closest in meaning to “_”. A. displayed B. justified C. ignored D. ruined【解析解析】选选D。词义猜测题。根据语境。词义猜测题。根据语境As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself. . . 可知选可知选D。display陈列，展示；陈列，展示；justify证明合法；证明合法；ignore忽视；忽视；ruin毁坏。毁坏。8. Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of? A. Airplane. B. Subway. C. Tram. D. Car. 【解析解析】选选A。推理判断题。由文中最后一段中。推理判断题。由文中最后一段中Im writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didnt try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. 可知，作者认为飞机是目前所知道的最脏可知，作者认为飞机是目前所知道的最脏的，也是所有的交通工具中最具污染的一种交通方式，进一步的，也是所有的交通工具中最具污染的一种交通方式，进一步推知在推知在airplane，subway，tram和和car中作者很可能不赞成乘坐中作者很可能不赞成乘坐的交通工具应该是的交通工具应该是airplane。 C（2012全国卷全国卷D）【话题话题】历史文物历史文物 词数词数: 215w 难度难度: ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia-One of the worlds most famous fossils(化石化石)the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton(骨骼骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday. Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U. S. tour, which will start in Houston next September. “Ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world, ” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum. The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U. S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out. Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils. Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 31/2- foot- tall ape- man(猿人猿人). 【语篇导读语篇导读】在埃塞俄比亚出土的具有在埃塞俄比亚出土的具有320万年历史的万年历史的Lucy化化石和其他石和其他190件化石将要从埃塞俄比亚出发踏上为期件化石将要从埃塞俄比亚出发踏上为期6年的美国年的美国之旅。之旅。 9. The author writes this text mainly to_. A. introduce a few U. S. museumsB. describe some research workC. discuss the value of an ape- manD. report a coming event【解析解析】选选D。主旨大意题。从文章的第一段，尤其是第一句。主旨大意题。从文章的第一段，尤其是第一句就可以看出，这是来自埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴的一则新就可以看出，这是来自埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴的一则新闻，告诉人们在埃塞俄比亚出土的具有闻，告诉人们在埃塞俄比亚出土的具有320万年历史的万年历史的Lucy化化石将要从埃塞俄比亚出发踏上为期石将要从埃塞俄比亚出发踏上为期6年的美国之旅。故选年的美国之旅。故选D。 10. What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A painting of the skeleton. B. A photograph of Lucy. C. A copy of the skeleton. D. A written record of Lucy. 【解析解析】选选C。词义猜测题。从画线词所在句子的。词义猜测题。从画线词所在句子的while从句中从句中提到的提到的the real remains可以判断出可以判断出a replica指的一定是指的一定是“复制复制品品”的意思。故选的意思。故选C。 11. How many cities has Lucys U. S. tour plan already included? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Eleven. 【解析解析】选选B。细节理解题。已经确定展出。细节理解题。已经确定展出Lucy的城市有的城市有Houston, Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago 5个城市，个城市，另外另外6个城市只是有可能展出，计划尚未确定。故选个城市只是有可能展出，计划尚未确定。故选B。 12. What was the skeleton named after? A. An ape- man. B. A song. C. A singer. D. A camp. 【解析解析】选选B。细节理解题。文章的最后一段告诉我们。细节理解题。文章的最后一段告诉我们Lucy的的名字来自于发现她时正在演奏的名字来自于发现她时正在演奏的a Beatles song。故选。故选B。 D（2012山东山东C）【话题话题】动物保护动物保护 词数词数: 315w 难度难度: San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars. The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over. One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that days coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council (市政会市政会). The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge “Nutty Narrows. ” After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60- foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose(消防水带消防水带). It cost $1, 000. It didnt take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world. In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn- out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge. Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project. 【语篇导读语篇导读】文章主要讲述在美国朗维尤，为了避免松鼠在穿文章主要讲述在美国朗维尤，为了避免松鼠在穿过繁忙的街道而遭到车辆碾压，过繁忙的街道而遭到车辆碾压，Amos Peters数次为松鼠修建数次为松鼠修建安全通道的故事。安全通道的故事。 13. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to_. A. offer squirrels a place to eat nutsB. set up a local landmarkC. help improve trafficD. protect squirrels【解析解析】选选D。细节理解题。根据第二段可知。细节理解题。根据第二段可知the Nutty Narrows Bridge是为了避免松鼠被过往的车辆碾压所修建，即是为了避免松鼠被过往的车辆碾压所修建，即为了保护松鼠，故选为了保护松鼠，故选D。 14. What happened over the coffee break discussion? A. The committee got the Councils blessing. B. The squirrel bridge idea was born. C. A councilwoman named the bridge. D. A squirrel was found dead. 【解析解析】选选B。细节理解题。根据第四段可知在当天的。细节理解题。根据第四段可知在当天的coffee break discussion中为松鼠建设安全桥的想法被提出来，故选中为松鼠建设安全桥的想法被提出来，故选B。15. What does the underlined phrase“teaching them the ropes” probably mean in the text? A. Passing them a rope. B. Directing them to store food for winter. C. Teaching them a lesson. D. Showing them how to use the bridge. 【解析解析】选选D。句意猜测题。画线部分所在句子的意思是。句意猜测题。画线部分所在句子的意思是“人人们看见松鼠带领年幼的，并给它们示范如何通过桥梁们看见松鼠带领年幼的，并给它们示范如何通过桥梁”，故，故 选选D。 16. Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge? A. It was replaced by a longer one. B. It was built from wood and metal. C. It was rebuilt after years of use. D. It was designed by Bill Hutch. 【解析解析】选选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知经过多年的。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知经过多年的使用这座桥被重修了。使用这座桥被重修了。 17. What can we learn about Amos Peters? A. He is remembered for his love of animals. B. He donated $1, 000 to build the bridge. C. He was a member of the City Council. D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge. 【解析解析】选选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的叙述我们可以推。推理判断题。根据最后一段的叙述我们可以推断出答案为断出答案为A。 E（2012陕西陕西A）【话题话题】社会生活社会生活 词数词数: 260w 难度难度: What brings a nation together? Of the four choicesshared values, language, history, and religion, its shared values. In our latest poll（民意调查）（民意调查）, seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor（因素）（因素）bringing a nation together, and six preferred language. Both choices scored high in the poll, suggesting that our values and how we express them are closelylinked. Still, history was not forgotten in some countries, particularly in Mexico and Russia. Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second- most important factor uniting their people. The biggest surprise? Not one country picked religion as its top choice. Respect your eldersIn most countries, the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old. Do you speak Canadian? Language scored lower in Canada than in all other countries polled, perhaps because the country speaks two official languages, French and English. Church and stateMost people polled do not connect their religious beliefs to their national pride. Religion ranked last in 13 countrieswith France scoring it at 1%, the lowest of all. 【语篇导读语篇导读】本文介绍了最近的一项民意调查：是什么把一个本文介绍了最近的一项民意调查：是什么把一个国家凝聚在一起？民意调查结果显示在四个选项（共有的价值国家凝聚在一起？民意调查结果显示在四个选项（共有的价值观、语言、历史和宗教）中，居首位的是观、语言、历史和宗教）中，居首位的是shared values, 其次其次是是language。 18. According to the poll, what was the most important factor in bringing a nation together? A. Language. B. Values. C. History. D. Religion. 【解析解析】选选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的。细节理解题。根据第一段的What brings a nation together? . . . its shared values. 和和In our latest poll，seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor bringing a nation together. 可知。可知。 19. In which country did language score the lowest in their national pride? A. Canada. B. Mexico. C. France. D. America. 【解析解析】选选A。细节理解题。根据。细节理解题。根据Do you speak Canadian? 段段落中，落中，Language scored lower in Canada than in all other countries polled. . . 可知，这里是比较级表示最高级的意思。可知，这里是比较级表示最高级的意思。 20. According to the charts, shared values and language were considered equally important in_. A. Australia B. Brazil C. China D. India【解析解析】选选D。推理判断题，仔细看列出的表格，可以看到在。推理判断题，仔细看列出的表格，可以看到在印度印度shared values和和language的百分比都是的百分比都是32%。由此可以推。由此可以推断出：在印度，断出：在印度，shared values和和language 被认为是同等重要的。被认为是同等重要的。【长难句分析长难句分析】Language scored lower in Canada than in all other countries polled, perhaps because the country speaks two official languages, French and English. 分析：分析：此句是一个含有此句是一个含有because 引导的原因状语从句的主从复引导的原因状语从句的主从复合句。在主句中合句。在主句中polled 是过去分词作定语，修饰是过去分词作定语，修饰all other countries；lower in Canada than in all other countries 是比较是比较级表示最高级的用法，相当于：级表示最高级的用法，相当于：In Canada language scored the lowest in all the polled countries. 。译文：译文：加拿大在语言这一项比其他所有被调查的国家得分都低，加拿大在语言这一项比其他所有被调查的国家得分都低，这或许是因为加拿大有两种官方语言：法语和英语。这或许是因为加拿大有两种官方语言：法语和英语。 Unit 2A(2011陕西陕西C)【话题话题】社会生活社会生活 词数词数: 302w 难度难度: In early autumn I applied for admission to college. I wanted to go nowhere but to Cornell University, but my mother fought strongly against it. When she saw me studying a photograph of my father on the sports ground of Cornell, she tore it up. “You cant say its not a great university, just because Papa went there. ” “Thats not it at all. And it is a top university. ” She was still holding the pieces in her hand. “But we cant afford to send you to college. ” “I wouldnt dream of asking you for money. Do you want me to get a job to help support you and Papa? Things arent that bad, are they? ” “No, ” she said. “I dont expect you to help support us. ” Father borrowed money from his rich cousins to start a small jewellery shop. His chief customers were his old college friends. To get new customers, my mother had to help. She picked up a long-forgotten membership in the local league of women, so that she could get to know more people. Whether those people would turn into customers was another question. I knew that my parents had to wait for quite a long time before their small investment (投资投资) could show returns. Whats more, they had not wanted enough to be rich and successful; otherwise they could not possibly have managed their lives so badly. I was torn between the desire to help them and change their lives, and the determination not to repeat their mistakes. I had a strong belief in my power to get what I wanted. After months of hard study I won a full college scholarship（奖学（奖学金）金）. My father could hardly contain his pride in me, and my mother eventually gave in before my success. 【语篇导读语篇导读】当当“我我”考上自己梦寐以求的大学的时候，母亲考上自己梦寐以求的大学的时候，母亲却要断然拒绝却要断然拒绝“我我”的梦想。原因很简单，那就是家里无法承的梦想。原因很简单，那就是家里无法承担上大学的费用。在经历了一番思想斗争之后，担上大学的费用。在经历了一番思想斗争之后，“我我”最终还最终还是选择了去上自己梦寐以求的大学。是选择了去上自己梦寐以求的大学。 1. The author was not allowed to go to Cornell University mainly because_. A. his father graduated from the universityB. his mother did not think it a great universityC. his parents needed him to help support the familyD. his parents did not have enough money for him【解析解析】选选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段。细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But we cant afford to send you to college. ”可知母亲反对可知母亲反对“我我”去那所大学去那所大学的主要原因在于无法负担起的主要原因在于无法负担起“我我”的大学费用。的大学费用。2. The father started his small shop with the money from_. A. a local league B. his universityC. his relatives D. his college friends【解析解析】选选C。细节理解题。根据第六段首句。细节理解题。根据第六段首句Father borrowed money from his rich cousins to start a small jewellery shop. 可可知，父亲开珠宝店的钱是从他富有的堂兄弟那里借来的。故选知，父亲开珠宝店的钱是从他富有的堂兄弟那里借来的。故选C项。项。 3. Why did the mother renew her membership in the league? A. To help with her husbands business. B. To raise money for her son. C. To meet her long- forgotten friends. D. To better manage her life. 【解析解析】选选A。细节理解题。根据文章第六段。细节理解题。根据文章第六段To get new customers, my mother had to help. She picked up a long- forgotten membership in the local league of women, so that she could get to know more people. 可知，母亲为了让父亲的珠宝可知，母亲为了让父亲的珠宝店能够维持下去，有更多的新顾客，只能和以前很长时间都没店能够维持下去，有更多的新顾客，只能和以前很长时间都没有联系的人恢复联系。故选有联系的人恢复联系。故选A项。项。 4. According to the text, what was the author determined to do in that autumn? A. To get a well- paid job for himself. B. To improve relations with his mother. C. To go to his dream university. D. To carry on with his fathers business. 【解析解析】选选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段I had a strong belief in my power to get what I wanted. 可知可知C项正确。作者最项正确。作者最后的决定是不再重复父母的错误，毅然选择了自己梦寐以求的后的决定是不再重复父母的错误，毅然选择了自己梦寐以求的大学。大学。 【长难句分析长难句分析】I was torn between the desire to help them and change their lives, and the determination not to repeat their mistakes. 分析：分析：本句为一个简单句，句子采用被动语态。本句为一个简单句，句子采用被动语态。to help them and change their lives为定语，修饰为定语，修饰desire; not to repeat their mistakes为
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