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B 高频考点高频考点（高频高频 / 规律规律 / 技巧技巧）B1 情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气 考 纲 解 读 1准确把握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法。 2准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气句子中的使用。 3wish, as if/though, if only, would rather从句， Its time从句等句型中的虚拟语气。 4表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词语后及各 类从句中的虚拟语气。 5虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用。 考 情 解 读 考点考点 题题量量年份年份推推测测请求、请求、允诺、允诺、允许允许必必要要性性情态动情态动词其他词其他用法用法虚拟虚拟语气语气2008802222009503152010562142011413362012104510 趋 势 解 读1一般来说，每年高考的单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的题目，以后的高考题对于情态动词的考查不会有太大变化，(1)虚拟语气；(2)推测和可能性；(3)表示必要性及表示请求、允许、允诺是高考的热点。2预计2013年对情态动词的考查呈上升趋势。试题的立意不偏不怪，但是有效信息越来越隐蔽，情景越来越生动、真实，考查角度越来越细微化、综合化。易易错错 警警示示 I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _it. Awill have stolen Bmight have stolen Cshould have stolen Dmust have stolen 易误选D 许多考生认为此处表示某人肯定把手提包偷走了，结果导致误选D。其实根据语境可推断出此处表示可能性较小的推测：手提包当时有可能会被偷走。故答案为B。 Dont play with the dog, Jack, for it _be dangerous at times. Ashall Bshould Ccan Dmust 易误选A、D 很多考生认为玩狗将很危险或者肯定很危险，从而误选A或D。其实，shall用于第二、第三人称表示“允诺，命令，警告，威胁”等；should表示“应该”；must表示“必须，一定”等；而can除了表示“能，能够”外，还可表示“(有时)会，可能会”等。根据语境及情态动词的意义可知，正确答案为C。 I think Ill give Bob a ring. You _You havent been in touch with him for ages. Awill Bmay Chave to Dshould 易误选C 考生有可能误选C项。分析句意可知，表示原则上或道义上“应该”的情态动词should用在这里正合适。故选D。 _fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMay you be 易误选D 考生容易误选D项，但是may用于倒装结构时表示祝福、祝愿，用在此处不合适。分析句意可知，横线处所填的内容表示条件。当条件状语从句的谓语中含有were，should, had时，可以将这些词移到句首，此时须把连词if省略，故选B。此处相当于If you should be。 Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _he has refused to. Awill not be sent; that Bnot be sent; that Cshould not be sent; what Dshould not sent; what 易误选A、C 本题是对虚拟语气和省略的考查，考生若是对相关知识掌握得不牢固，便可能误选A项或C项。第一空，在“Itbenecessary/right/important/essential/impossibe等that从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词部分要用(should)do结构，此处的should不可以换用其他的情态动词，故选项A被排除；动词send与主语he之间为动宾关系，故选项D也被排除；第二空，题干中的“he has refused to”是一个省略结构，其完整形式为“he has refused to be sent to New York”，该句子不缺成分，故应填上只起连接作用、在句中不作任何成分、没有任何含义的that。that在本题中引导表语从句。故选B。 Thank you for all your hard work last week, I dont think we _it without you. Acan manage Bcould have managed Ccould manage Dcan have manage 易误选A 这是一种含蓄的虚拟语气，句中的虚拟条件通过介词短语without you来体现，句中last week表明是过去的事情，所以这里的without you 相当于“if it had not been for you”，故选B。考考点点 精精析析 基 础 盘 点 热 门 考 点 1采用(should)do结构“虚拟语气”； 2would rather(that)/if only/as if/it be(high)time(that)等固定句型； 3neednt/could(not)/should(not).have pp.本 却； 4与某时态相反假设； 5虚拟语气中的错综复杂句； 6表推测； 7表必要性； 8请求、允诺、准许； 9其它情态动词用法。 关 注 节 点 The doctor recommeded that you _swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 答案D考查(should)do表建议。热点热点11 AWho do you suggest BWho do you suggest that should CDo you suggest who should DDo you suggest whom should 答案A考查虚拟语气。在suggest表示建议的宾语从句中，虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可省略，故选A。_be sent to work there? Ahad Bhas Chave Dwould have 答案C考查虚拟语气。本题中有requirement，后跟动词原形。Their requirement that he _one years experience is reasonable. Adrive; not answer Bwas driving; shouldnt answer Cshould drive; shouldnt have answered Ddrove；shouldnt answer 答案Binsist表示“坚持说”，后面的宾语不使用虚拟语气，故选B。The bus driver insisted that he _at a normal speed when the accident happened and there fore _for the childs death.1用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, recommend, urge, propose, advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 “一、二、三、四”法 一、坚持二、命令三、需要四、建议 与此类词汇逻辑相关联的名词性从句谓语一般都是(should)be/do。3在在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 2It is desired /suggested/proposed/recommended/ necessary/ important/natural/essentialthat从句，从句中的谓语动从句，从句中的谓语动词用词用“should动词原形动词原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。 (2011辽宁卷)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas done Cdo Ddid 答案D虚拟语气固定句型，比正常时态后退一个时态。热点热点12 I wish they _always late. Awerent Bhadnt been Cwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been 答案A句意：孩子们都到哪里去了？宴会就要被他们彻底破坏了。我希望他们不要总是迟到。本题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟that从句，从句部分采用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的用一般过去时，与过去事实相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时，故正确答案为A项。(2011北京卷北京卷)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. Alistening Blisten Cam listening Dhad listened 答案D本题考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句动作先于wish，故用过去完成时。 Afollow Bwould follow Chad followed Dhave followed 答案C本题考查虚拟语气。If only句子How I wish(that)从句。宾语从句动作先于if only，故用过去完成时。How I wish I _to my parents advice.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _your advice. Ado Bdont Cdidnt Ddidnt do 答案D本题考查虚拟语气。在would rather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，其结构为would rather sb过去时。故选D。 Awere Bhad been Cis Dhas been 答案A本题考查虚拟语气。as if引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生，as if引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时。故选A。Most insurance agents would rather you _anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he_a Chinese. Ahas been Bwas Cis Dhad been 答案D本题考查虚拟语气。as though引导的从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作发生，as though引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时。D项正确。Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages. Ais Bwere Chas been Dhad been 答案B句意：不要这么拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成似的。本题考查虚拟语气。as if意为“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子须使用虚拟语气，并且所述情况是对现在事实的假设，因此使用一般过去时，故选择B项。(2012北京卷北京卷)Dont handle the vase as if it_made of steel. 1wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能 实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：if only句子句子How I wish(that)从句从句If only I were a flying bird！How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊！我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊！ 2在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其结 构为：I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news.我宁我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。愿没告诉他那个坏消息。如果如果as if引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生，作同时发生，as if引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时；如引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时；如果果as if引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作，词所表达的动作，as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成3虚拟语气在虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的运用引导的从句中的运用 时；如果as if引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作，as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她讲英语如此流利，好像她在美国学过英语。 (2012北京卷)We _the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? Ashould face Bmight face Ccould have faced Dmust have faced 答案C考查虚拟语气。由but和didnt看出与过去相反。热点热点13 “本却”是高考虚拟语气重要的考查点，近些年虚拟语气考查有上升趋势，故更值得注意。can/could have done本来能够做却未做本来能够做却未做cannot/could not have done本来不能做却做了本来不能做却做了should/ought to have done本该做，而实际上未做本该做，而实际上未做should not/ought not to have done本不该做而做了本不该做而做了neednt have done本不必做而做了本不必做而做了had better have done当时最好做了当时最好做了(其否定式其否定式had better not have done表达相反的含义表达相反的含义) 续表would rather have done宁愿当时做了宁愿当时做了(其否定式其否定式would rather not have done表达相反含表达相反含义，两者都表示义，两者都表示“后悔后悔”之意之意)would like/love to have done sth过去愿意做但未做成过去愿意做但未做成intend/plan/be to have done sth本计划、打算做却未做本计划、打算做却未做wish/hope to have done sth本希望做却未做本希望做却未做 (2012浙江卷)Had they known what was coming next, they _second thoughts. Amay have Bcould have Cmust have had Dmight have had 答案D前面为倒装省略形式，正常语序应为If they had known what was coming next，与过去相反假设。热点热点14 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用从句从句主句主句与现在事实与现在事实相反的假设相反的假设If主语动词的过去式主语动词的过去式(be动词用动词用were)主语主语should/would/could/might动词原动词原形形与过去事实与过去事实相反的假设相反的假设If主语主语had过去分词过去分词主语主语should/would/could/mighthave过去分词过去分词与将来事实与将来事实相反的假设相反的假设1.If主语动词的过去式主语动词的过去式2.If主语主语were to动动 词词原形原形3.If主语主语should动词动词 原形原形主语主语should/would/could/might动词原动词原形形 在条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。 注意：当省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替虚拟条件句。1. if省略句省略句2含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 but.(真实) If you had not helped me, I would have failed. Without your help, I would have failed. But for your helpIf it had not been your help Had it not been your help I would have failed.3高考考查与过去相反高考考查与过去相反 But that you had helped me, I would have failed. You helped me. Otherwise, I would have failed. You helped me, or/or else I would have failed. I would have failed but you helped me. (上海卷)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. Awouldnt have fallen Bhad not fallen Cshould fall Dwere to fall 答案B考查虚拟语气错综复杂句，从句与过去相反假设。热点热点15 Ahad not worked that hard Bdid not work that hard Cwas not working that hard Dwere not working that hard 答案A考查虚拟语气错综复杂句。主句表示的行为所发生的时间为现在，而条件状语从句表示与过去事实相反，故从句应用过去完成时，选A。I would not be sitting in a comfortable office if I _ at school. Astudied Bwould study Chad studied Dwas studying 答案C句意：也许如果当时我学习的是理科而不是文科的话，那么我(现在)就可以给你更多的帮助了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据then一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反，故if引导的从句部分用had done，故选C。(2011北京卷北京卷)Maybe if I _science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综复杂句”，动词的形式要根据它们所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好学习的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。 一般考查主句与现在相反假设，从句与过去相反假设，一般有时间提示。 (浙江卷)The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow. Ashould Bmust Cwill Dcan 答案Dcan表示客观存在较小的可能性。 热点热点16表推测(可能性)1可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的(理论的)可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性) We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 今晚我们可能去看电影，但还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can) (1)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较：2表示具体事情实际发生的可能性表示具体事情实际发生的可能性词形词形肯定式肯定式否定式否定式疑问式疑问式must必定，必然必定，必然/should按说应该按说应该应该不会应该不会/ought to按说应该按说应该应该不会应该不会/can/不可能不可能有可能吗？有可能吗？could微弱的可能微弱的可能不可能不可能语气比语气比can弱弱may或许，也许，也未或许，也许，也未可知，也说不定可知，也说不定可能不可能不/might比比may还弱还弱比比may not还弱还弱/ (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句(may not表示“可能不”)；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句 、疑问句中。 常见： 肯定句mustshouldmaymight 否定句can notshould notmay notmight not 疑问句can/could This cant/couldnt be done by him. 这不可能是他干的。(表不相信) This may not be done by him. 这可能不是他干的。(表不确定) Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? 布什先生做一切事情都非常守时。开幕式他怎么可能会迟到呢？(表示疑惑、惊讶) I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。(表肯定) Are you coming to Jeffs party? 你要来杰弗的聚会吗？ Im not sure. I might go to the concert instead.(表不确定) 我不确定，我可能要去音乐会。 (2012课标全国卷)I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. Acouldnt Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt 答案D根据句意，火车准时经过我家，没必要用闹钟。 (2012重庆卷)_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. ACan BShould CMust DWould 答案Cmust此处可译为“偏偏”或“非要”。热点热点17表示必要性 must常用来表示必要性，意为“必须”。 (1)mustdo sth(现在或将来)必须做某事 (2)dont have to do sth/dont need to do sth/neednt do sth(现在或将来)不必做某事 (3)表示过去没必要做某事时，分为以下情况： neednt have done sth本来不必做而做了某事 didnt have to do sth/didnt need to do sth/It was not necessary to do sth(过去)不必做某事(不强调是否做了) You neednt have worked that late last night. It was harmful to your health. 你昨晚不必工作到那么晚。那对你的身体没好处。 1.mustnt have pp形式不存在 因为：(1)mustnt表禁止，动作未发生 (2)must表推测，可能性全部否定用cant With the development of society，a computer has become a must.2must近些年常考其近些年常考其“偏要偏要”“非要非要”之意之意3must n必需之物；必做之事必需之物；必做之事 Homework seems a must for every student. should也可以表示必要性，意为“(义务上)应该”。should表示必要性时，在语气上比must(必须)弱。“should动词原形”，表示现在或将来应该做(的必要性)；“shouldhave过去分词”，表示过去本该做(的必要性)。 (2012辽宁卷)One of our rules is that every student _wear school uniform while at school. Amight Bcould Cshall Dwill 答案Cshall表示强制、命令。热点热点18 OK. You _have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall 答案D句意：妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？好，如果你尽快上床睡觉，我就给你讲一个。本题考查情态动词。shall在此处表示“允诺”，故选择D项。(2011陕西卷陕西卷)Will you read me a story, Mummy? Dont worry. You _have it by Friday. Acould Bshall Cmust Dmay 答案B句意：我至今还没有拿到参考书，但是下个月这个学科就要测试了。别担心，周五之前你一定会有的。本题考查情态动词。shall用于第二人称表示允诺、要求、命令、威胁等语气，根据句意可知此处表示允诺的语气，故答案为B。could能，能够；must必须；may也许，均不符合语境，可排除。(2010江苏卷江苏卷)I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Khulaifi._I spell that for you? AShall BWould CCan DMight 答案Ashall意为“吗，好吗，叫好吗，是不是想”，用于征求对方的同意或意见。would用于第二人称，表示“愿意”。can用于征得对方的同意，意为“可以，可能”。might用于征得对方的同意，意为“可以”，用于疑问句和建议时比may更委婉和礼貌。(北京卷北京卷)Whats the name? Amay Bshould Cmust Dshall 答案D在陈述语气中，主语是第三人称时，shall表示说话者的意图，含有意旨、命令、恫吓等，支配着对方的行动。这是法官的宣判，用shall比较合适。should“应该”，语气不如shall强烈。(重庆卷重庆卷)“The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared the judge. Ashall Bwill Cneed Dmay 答案A本题中shall表示威胁，命令。故选A。It has been announced that all the students _ put on masks(口罩口罩)before going to school in case they are infected with SARS virus.表示请求、允许、允诺 Shall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we.? Shall he/she/they.? Would/Will you.? Shall the driver wait outside? 司机在外边等着可以吗？ Would you do me a favor? 请帮我一下，好吗？1当对方是决策者时，你向对方当对方是决策者时，你向对方(you)请示或提出建议时用：请示或提出建议时用： It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须待在自己的座位上。(规则或规定)2shall(尤其用于二、三人称时尤其用于二、三人称时)可表示威胁、命令、允诺、可表示威胁、命令、允诺、 决心决心(涉及法律规定时常用涉及法律规定时常用shall) (2012江苏卷)Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present I _for. Ashould have wished Bmust have wished Cmay have wished Dcould have wished 答案D这是我能够期望的最好礼物。 (2012陕西卷)I _thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill 答案Bcant和too.或enough连用，表示也不为过。热点热点19情态动词的其他用法要点The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。出去。1表能力表能力 I cannot but choose to go.我只好去。 (1)“may well动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于“be very likely to动词原形”。 He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为他的儿子感到自豪。 (2)“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不 如”。 We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。2cannot butdo sth表示表示“不得不不得不/只好做某事只好做某事”。3may well和和may as well结构。结构。4cannot(或can never等)与enough连用表示“再也不为过”。5may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you be happy. 祝你幸福。6should表示惊讶 常与wonder, surprise, astonish, shock, amaze, strange, curious等表吃惊的词语连用。 Tom looked back but who should sit behind? Just his exwife. 汤姆回头看，可谁竟会坐在他后面？他前妻。 Its strange that you should have arrived so early. 奇怪了，你来得这么早。 Thats unfair! Im really sorry. You should say such words. 那不公平！ 真遗憾。你居然说出这样的话来。名名 师师 招招 招招 鲜鲜 (1)阅读语法参考书，首先从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征； (2)逐个学习，了解每个情态动词的用法特征； (3)认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法； (4)收集大量真实的口语材料(如教材中的对话材料及听力材料)，在真实的交际情景中领悟它们的用法和特征。1. 学习和掌握情态动词的意义和用法，应遵循如下步骤：学习和掌握情态动词的意义和用法，应遵循如下步骤：2解答情态动词和虚拟语气类的题目时，一定要细细领会情景特征，不要放过任何细节。只有这样，才能找到足够的有效信息，做出最佳选择。3一定要将上面提到的高考热点落到实处，反复咀嚼，反复演练，确保精通。(情态动词用法繁多，本专题只对高考常考重点内容进行讲述。)
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