ModelVerbs情态动词

Model Verbs情态动词 情态动词： 表示说话人对表示说话人对某一状态、动作某一状态、动作的的态度态度情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除除ought和和have外外, 后面只能接不带后面只能接不带to的不定式。的不定式。 2) 情态动词没有人称情态动词没有人称, 数的变化数的变化, 但有些情态但有些情态动词动词, 如如can, will也有一般式和过去式的变也有一般式和过去式的变化。化。3) 情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是时间区别形式并不是时间区别的的主要标志主要标志, 不少情况下不少情况下, 情态动词的现在式情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。间、过去时间和将来时间。could, might, would, should 都可表示委都可表示委婉语气。婉语气。如如:I wonder if you could let me use your cell phone. Might I know your telephone number?只作情态动词的只作情态动词的 can / could, may / might, ought to, must可情态可实义的可情态可实义的 need, dare 可情态可助动词的可情态可助动词的 shall / should, will / would相当于情态动词的相当于情态动词的 have to, used to, be able to had better, would rather一一 . 情态动词的种类情态动词的种类二二 . 情态动词的用法情态动词的用法 can 现在时1&2&3. could 过去式 ; 委婉表达 表示能力表示能力,许可许可,可能性可能性,意为意为“能能”can not betoo/enough “再再也不为过也不为过”,”越越越好越好”注注：区别于：区别于1. can只有现在时和过去式只有现在时和过去式2. can只能表示一般能力只能表示一般能力,be able to表示通过一定努力表示通过一定努力,想尽想尽办法做成某事办法做成某事,相当于相当于managed to do sth / succeed in doing sth may 现在时现在时4&5. might 过去时过去时 ; 委婉表达委婉表达表示请求表示请求,许可许可,可能可能,may或用于祈使句中表祝愿。或用于祈使句中表祝愿。注注回答回答may提问时，有三种选择：提问时，有三种选择：1.肯定回答肯定回答”是的是的,你可以你可以”-Yes, you may.2.委婉拒绝委婉拒绝”不不,你最好不要你最好不要”-No, you may not. No, youd better not.3.否定回答否定回答”不不,你不允许你不允许”-No, you mustnt. must 主观主观 6&7. have to 客观客观 意为意为“必须必须”，“应该应该”，“不得不不得不”；mustnt意为意为“不准不准” must be+表语，表推测，意为表语，表推测，意为“肯定是肯定是”注注：1.回答回答must提出的疑问句，提出的疑问句， 肯定形式用肯定形式用-Yes, you must. 否定形式用否定形式用-No, you neednt或或-No, you dont have to2.must只是表示现在，只是表示现在，have to 则有更多时态变化则有更多时态变化 8.shall注注：1. 用于用于第一、三人称疑问句第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见，指示，表示征求对方意见，指示2. 用于用于第二、三人称陈述句第二、三人称陈述句,表示命令、警告、威胁、强表示命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺、许可制、允诺、许可eg:1. You shall fail if you dont work harder.（警告）（警告）2. He shall be punished.(威胁威胁)3.You shall get the toy when I back home.(允诺允诺)9.should注注：表示劝告，建议，命令。意为表示劝告，建议，命令。意为“应该应该” =ought to 10. ought to 注注：1.表示劝告，建议，命令表示劝告，建议，命令意为意为“应该应该”2.表示推测，语气比表示推测，语气比must若。若。eg:1.He must be home by now.2.He ought to be home by now. will 现在时现在时11&12. would过去时过去时 ; 委婉表达委婉表达注注：1. 表示表示请求，建议请求，建议等；等； eg: Will you pass me the book？2. 表示表示意志，愿望，决心意志，愿望，决心； eg: I will tell you all about it.3. will + be 表表推测推测； eg: This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now.4.表示表示习惯，固有性质习惯，固有性质； eg: a. The door wont open. b. People will usually decorate the churches with flowers. c. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn.13.used to 表示过去的习惯或状态，现已不复存在，意为表示过去的习惯或状态，现已不复存在，意为“过去过去常常常常”eg: He used to play football when he was young.14.had better 意为意为“最好做最好做”,后跟动词原形后跟动词原形.eg: You had better sit here and have a rest. 15.would rather 意为意为”宁愿宁愿”,表选择表选择.常和常和than搭配使用。搭配使用。eg: Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 具有双重性词的用法 情态动词 need do16 . need 实意动词 need to do 情态动词 dare do17 . dare 实意动词 dare to do 具有双重性的动词（即可做情态动词，也可做实意动词）dare-He dare not tell us the truth.-She didnt dare to tell her mother that she broke the vase.need-All you need bring are books.-All you need to do is opening the door.can / could 表示表示客观可能性；客观可能性；may 表示推表示推测时，其语气测时，其语气不肯定；不肯定；might 语气更弱，语气更弱，表示表示某事实际发生的可能性小；某事实际发生的可能性小；should 表表示示确定或可能有的未来或期待；确定或可能有的未来或期待；must 表示表示比较比较肯定的语气肯定的语气。表示推测的可能性排列表示推测的可能性排列 ： must will can could should = ought to may might三三 . 表示推测时，情态动词的时态表示推测时，情态动词的时态 1 . 对对将来情况将来情况的猜测，用的猜测，用“情态动词情态动词+动词原动词原形形”eg:1.She must/may/might/could arrive before 5.2.The work must be finished as soon as possible.2 . 对对现在或一般情况现在或一般情况的猜测，的猜测，情态动词情态动词 +be doing”或或“情态动词情态动词 + 动词原形动词原形”。 eg:1. He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 2. He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 3.对对过去情况过去情况的推测，用的推测，用“情态动词情态动词 + have +过去分词过去分词”。eg:1. It must / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 2. The door was locked. He could not / might not have been at home.1 . 对对过去事情过去事情的猜测的猜测could have done应该已经may / might have done 也许已经must have done 肯定已经cant / couldnt have done 不可能已经2 .(表示虚拟表示虚拟) -本应该而实际上没有本应该而实际上没有could have done 本可以本可以但并没有但并没有should have done 本该本该但实际未做但实际未做shouldnt have done 本不该本不该但实际做了但实际做了 从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. canB2. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh, you are really his big fan. A. can B. need C. must D. might3. It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. needntAB4. Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall5. If you _ smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may CD6. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. A. can B. may C. must D. should 7. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should AC8. Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not9. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. mayAB10. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may11.“You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. wouldCC12. _ I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need13. The traffic is heavy these days. I _ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? A. can B. must C. need D. might BD14. One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can 15. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall DA