人教版英语八年级下册 unit1知识清单.docx

人教版英语八年级下册unitl知识清单美文欣赏My FatherMy father is the person who I look up to the most in the world.At first,let me introduce my father to you. He is a man who was born in the late 70s.His birthday is on December 2nd.He is the elder brother of the twins in my family. Actually,sometimes he seems like a young guy who is very humorous,naughty,and a little bit childish.He works as a platelayer （铁路工人）.He is always busy doing his job,but I never heard him say he was tired. He really has a strong heart to face everything no matter how difficult it is. He always tells me that to face the difficulties we meet ,the first skill that we need to learn is being brave and get over them.There is no doubt that he has done so much for me.Firstly,he -ives birth to me and looks after me all the time.Secondly,he works hard in order to provide a belter life and a high-quality education for me. Whats more, he is warm-hearted. Nothing is more important than to have a virtuous heart. He likes to help others and always tells me that 1 should be a person that get used to helping others.To be honest, I cant express my thanks more to him. I feel so grateful for his kindness and warmth. I cannot emphasize the importance of living with a thankful heart. I wish I can take good care of him and spend more time with him when he is old .At last,on the coming Fathers Day,I wish my beloved father in good health, great happiness and good luck forever!重点短语have a headache 头痛 have a backache 背痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a stomachache 胃痛；腹痛 have a fever 发烧 have/catch a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a sore back 背痛,have the flu 流感；1. lie v.躺;说谎:坐落在;处于.状态谎言;谎话;状态:位置liar撒谎者lie lied lied-lying 说谎；tell lies/ a lie to sb; lie to sb lie lay lain-lying 平躺,位于;lie down and have a rest 躺下休息一下；lie behind/in.;Shanghai lies in the east of China, h海位于中国的东部。lay laid laid放置，下蛋lay out展示；设计；安排；陈设;have a break/breaks 休息二 take a break/breaks(from.)break Vt.& vi ( broke, broken)打碎，打破，折断I broke a bowl.1) 违背； 违反 You are breaking the law.2) 停止；中断;打断Break the conversation打断谈话n. 1)裂缝；裂口 there is a break in the pipe.2)休息，暂停 We have a break between classes.break为常用词，指把一个完整的物体全部或部分毁坏、打碎，破坏整体性或完常用词组：break in非法闯入，打断，插嘴break off突然停止，中止break into laughter/ tears放声大笑/大哭 break a bill将大钞换为零钱break a record 打破记录 break ones heart 使背痛欲绝break down损坏，垮掉，崩溃，把分解 break out发生、爆发break through 突破，突围rest v.休息n.休息；剩余部分break叩 打破，散开，结束have a rest=rest=take a break ; the rest of.n.(C,U)休息；剩余的部分,其余的人(物)vi.休息，歇息用法解读:1) The rest of + n.作主语时,谓语动词的数由of后的名词的数来决定。The rest of the money is to be sent to him.What are the rest of you going to do?2)不跟of时，视其代替的词而定。Some agree with her but the rest agree with Mary.常用词组：rest from ones work 停下来休息一下have / take a rest 休息一下at rest在休息，在安歇，处于停止状态 rest叩(使)充分休息2. hurt:(hurt-hurt) vt. hurt his leg/knee; hurt ones feelings 伤害某人的感情 hurt oneself伤至ij谁自己；Vi :痛,My head hurts a lot.hurthurt 过去式-hurt 过去分词 get hurt/injured;injure v. -injury n. -injured adj3. have trouble/ difficulty/problems/ a hard time with sth/ (in) doing sth 做某事遇到 麻烦/困难/困难时期(be) in trouble处于困境中 get into trouble陷入困境get off 下车 get on 上车 get married 结婚 get ready for sth./get ready to do sth. 为做好准备get out出去get back回来 get over克服get up起身；站 起get to到达get about四处走动；(消息等)传开get down下来get into A；陷入；养成(习惯)；对,”，感兴趣 get out(of.)出4 get round 传播； 传开get in收获(割)get dressed(in.)穿衣服get across (使)通过；(使)理 解get through通过;度过；完成;接通(电话)get close to接近；靠近get rid of 去掉；除掉；处理get away from逃跑；离开get in touch with与,”，取得联 系get ready for为,”，做准备get along / on well with sb./sth.与某人相处融洽；某事 进展顺利get down to (doing ) sth.开始认真做某事gel in the way of妨碍operation n.手术 have an operation operate v.做手术；操作，运转；经营 operate on sb对。做手术4. agree on sth ; agree to do sth.同意做某事 agree with sb/sth.同意某人的意见或 看法 agree sb (not) to do sth 反义词：disagree; agreement n. be in agreement with sb on sth; reach an agreement达成协议，取得一致意见do sb a favor=give sb a hand=help sb5. right away=at once=immediately=soon =right now 立亥U； 马上climb(v.) climb down 爬下.-climber (n.)登山者 mountain climbing 登山 go mountain climbingHe is an experienced climber.他是一位经验丰富的登山者。6. risk: (n.)风险;危险；冒险 n, take risks/ a risk the risk of的风险 at therisk of.冒着.的风险 He is a man who is afraid of taking risks.他是一个害怕冒 险的人。(v.) risk doing sth;risk ones life to do sth冒生命危险去做某事avoid the risk of.避免的风险at any risk无论冒什么危险7. mean:(v.meant-meant)意思是；打算 mean (not) to do sth 打算做某事；2. 意味着 mean doing. & adj.吝啬的;自私的;he is very mean with money.在钱方 面很吝啬n. meaning: have meaning to sb; adj. meaningful/meaningless :be to sb;by all means 无论如何，务必，一定 we have to finish our task by all means.by means of.以； 凭借by no means *点也不，决不(by no means置于句首，句子用部分倒装语序)By no means was he able to handle it.He succeeded by means of hard work.8. thc importance of sth./doing sth .的重要性 Wc all know the importance of health. 形容词：(un)important 重要的 attach importance to 对重视decide to do sth.= make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 make decisions for oneself =make ones own decisions9. control:(-ll-) v./n.限制；约束；管理 control yourself 控制你自己be in control of.掌管；管理 He wants to be in control of his own destiny.他想要 掌握自己的命运。out of control表示不受控制” ；under control表示“被控制lose control of.;in control of 含主动含义in the control of 含被”动含义 He is in control of the company. I mean, the company is in the control of him.10. die(v.)dead (adj.)death(n.)dying (adj.) die of; die from; die out 灭绝；be/get used to sth./doing sth 习惯于. They are used to getting up early.他们习惯 早起。The girl is used to living in the city.used to do sth 过去常常做某事：She used to get up late, but now she is used to getting up early.她过去常常起得晚，但现在她习惯早起。use sth to do sth; use sth for doing 使用某物做某事：use a knife to cut the applebe used to do 被用来做.Bamboo can be used to build houses.be used fbr .Bamboo can be used for house-building.11. because of.因为；由于 She didnt go to school today because of her i!lness.=She didnt go to school today because she was ill.12. run out of sth=use up 用完；耗尽 My money ran out(无被动).我的钱花光 f。 =1 ran out of my money.13. keep on doing sth,继续做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 have fun doing sth.做某事玩得开心have trouble doing sth做某事遇到麻烦 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事look forward to doing sth.期待做某事(注意：go on to do (另一件。) go on doing sth =keep on doing.14. give up 放弃 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 give up ones time to do sth; give up smoking 戒烟give sb sth / give sth to sb 把某物给某人 give sth away(to sb) 1.分发，送 人，赠送He gave away all his money to the poor.他把所有的钱都给了 穷人。(2) 背弃，出卖。I know you didnt want to give your friend away.我知道你不 想出卖朋友。(3) 泄漏，暴露 He gave away the secret through carelessness.他一时大意，泄 露了秘密。give inI：交。如：Give in your examination papers now.现在请把考卷交上来。(1) 让步，投降。如：The enemy were at last forced to give in.敌人终于被迫 投降。He has given in to my views.他己经听从了我的意见。give off发出(光、热、声音、气味等)。如：The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.这种气体有一种难闻的气味。The chemical change gives off heat and light.这种化学变化发出热和光。give out分发，散发。如：Give the money out to the children.把钱分给孩子们。The teacher gave out the examination papers,老师把试卷发了 卜来。(2)用完，耗尽。如：Our money soon gave out,我们的钱很快就用完了。My patience at last gave out.我终于失去了耐心。(from )发表，公布。如：It was given out that he was dead.他的死讯己公布。(5) 发出(热、声音、信号等)。如：The gas-fire gives out a good heat.这煤气 炉发出很大的热量。15. fall down 摔倒 fall 过去式:fell -fallen; fall apart 崩溃，土崩瓦解 fall asleep 入 睡fall behind落在的后面,fall ill生病fall in love with爱上fall into落入，陷于 fall off sp; fall down from sp ;fallen leavestake some medicine 吃药 take ones temperature 测体温 take an injection 打针25.lose ones life 丧生;lose oneself 迷路 lose sight of 忽略；不再看见26.lose face丢脸lose time耽误时间走得慢矢去时机lose money损失金钱lose control ofget lost .lose heart 丧失勇气；失去勇气；灰心；泄气 lose weight 减 肥；瘦身；减轻体重；体重减轻lose color变苍白lose interest不再感兴趣；26. have a heart problem/disease/attack 患心脏病pain n.痛苦 have a pain in + 部位 painful adj.27. get an X-ray 拍片spirit n.y精神；气魄：灵魂,幽灵心情，情绪(pl.)in high / great spirits情绪高涨，兴高采烈in poor / low spirits情绪低落，意志消沉常用词组：body and spirit肉体和精神the/ a spirit of the age/ times 时代精神in (the ) spirit在内心,在精神上out of spirits没精打采28. bloodn. (U)血， 血液，血统 HIV can also be spread through blood.常用词组：make ones blood boil使某人热血沸腾；使某人怒火中烧in cold blood冷血地，残忍地make sbs bold run cold使某人不寒而栗sbs blood is up某人动怒（发火）同根词：bleed （bled, bled） vi&vt.出血，流血，牺牲，（心）痛，敲诈she was lying in the street, bleeding very heavily.血流不止they bled for their country.为国牺牲my heart bled for you.为你感到心痛。the man who look his on bled the father for $20,000.常用词组：bleed badly大出血bleed to death流血致死bleed someone white把某人的钱棒光31 .breathevi.呼吸常用词组：|breathe in 吸入 breathe out 呼出 breathe again/ easily/ freely 放下心来， 松口气同根词：n.（C,U）呼吸，气息1）呼吸if you walked up six flights of stairs, would you be out of breath? 上气不接下气2）气息，呼吸的空气 I will work hard as long as I have breath.常用词组：hold ones breath 屏住呼吸 in a /one breath 口气，同时 take breath 休息一下lose ones breath喘不过气；呼吸困难out of breath气喘吁吁take a deep breath 深呼吸so+adj.that+从句如此.以至于He ran so fast that I couldnt catch upwith him.such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数/ such+adj.+可数名词复数或不可数名词She is such a good teacher that we all like her.32. patient adj.耐心的 be patient with sb be patient to do n.病人 the sick 病人们shout呼喊，喊叫shout for help大声呼救shout to sb大声呼叫某人shout at sb 冲某人大喊大叫33. bleed v.流血 blood n.血液 bleeding n.流血 have a nosebleed 流鼻血36 .其它短语tell of: first aid 急救 get ill ill-worse-worst 川ness=disease 疾病 accident 事故 by accident=by chance 意夕卜地 see a dentist =eo to a dentist ; wait for sb /sth( to do ); wait ones turn ;zet hit on the head ; know of ； work outside ; in an afterschool study program; at the food bank； raise money for homeless people; donate sth to sb; zive away sth to sb ； at midnight : a thank-you letter ； a special/sDeciall、trained doc; have a basketball trainine ;train sb to do. ； feel/be lucky to do.；be free todo.； a call-in center for parents ； of ones own 属于某人自 己的;on ones own =by oneself 重点突破Whats the matter/trouble/problem (with sb) ?Whats wrong (with sb)?1. 关于疾病的表达have a/an + 部位-ache I have a toothache.1. Have a sore + 部位 have a sore throat/back/kneeHave a/an + 疾病2. Have a pain in the + 部位 I have a pain in my back.3. 部位+hurts My head hurts badly.4. Sb hurt + 部位/oneself She hurt her arm yesterday.7. Cut + 部位/oneself