螺旋输送机翻译

5,573,660 1 SCREW CONVEYOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 螺旋输送机 本发明的背景 The present invention relates to a screw conveyor for transporting solid materials and including a feed screw formed, at least partially, as a shank less screw of a plurality of substantially band-shaped screw threads extending along an imaginary helical line, a jacket surrounding the feed screw, and a brush cooperating with the inner surface of the jacket. 本发明涉及一个用于输送固体材料，并包括进给螺杆形成的螺旋输送器，至少部分地，作为一个有着多条带状延伸螺纹沿的假想螺旋线的shankless螺丝，夹套环绕在进给丝杠周围，且一个刷子与外壳的内表面相配合。 Screw conveyors of the above mentioned type are well known. These conveyors serve for transporting or conveying of dry, wet, moisturized, pasteurized, sticking, dusty, and/or coarse solid materials. The Jacket envelops the feed screw to a greater or lesser degree. It is also possible to completely surround the feed screw to avoid problems associated with transportation of dusty, spreading and odorous materials.The screw and the jacket can be formed of metal, but also of plastic materials. The length of such screw conveyors can reach 40m, with the diameter being in a range of 20-2000mm. The central axis of the feed screw can be inclined to a horizontal at an angle of from 00 to 350. It has been established in many cases that the amount of the transported solid material very much depends on the inclination angle of the feed screw. In particularly, at an inclination angle of more than 350, the materials fall through the free space of the shankless screw, and the delivery output of a screw conveyor can be reduced to zero.上述类型的螺旋输送机是众所周知的。这些输送机用于运输或输送干的，湿的，滋润的，巴氏杀菌，粘的，粉末状的，和/或粗糙的固体材料。外套在较大或较小的程度上包裹着进给丝杠。它也能够完全环绕进给螺杆，以避免变为粉末状，传播扩散以及恶臭物质的运输的问题。螺钉和护套可以由金属形成，但也可能由塑料材料制成。这样的螺旋输送机的长度达到40米，直径在20-2000毫米范围内。进给螺杆的中心轴线从00倾斜到350的角度倾向于一个水平面。它已经在许多情况下成立，所传送的固体材料量的多少非常依赖于进给螺杆的倾斜角度。尤其是，当倾斜角超过350度时，材料通过shankless螺丝的自由空间，一个螺旋输送器的交付输出可能减少到零。 International application WO/90/5100 discloses a screw conveyor having a shankless screw formed of at least two substantially band-shaped screw threads extending along an imaginary helical line. 国际申请WO/90/5100透露一个螺旋输送器由具有至少两个沿假想螺旋线的带状延伸的螺纹的shankless螺杆形成的。 A particular type of a screw conveyor is designed for discharging solid materials contained in a solid-liquid mixture, which flows through a trough. Here the trough is, a transporting section for transporting solid-liquid mixtures. 一种特殊类型的螺旋输送器被设计用于排出包含在固 - 液混合物的固体材料，它流过一个槽。槽在这里，是一个用于输送固液混合物的输送部。The known trough can be manufactured from, e.g., cement, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, plastics and other suitable materials. 该已知的槽可以以例如，水泥，钢，不锈钢，铝，塑料和其它合适的材料制造。 In addition, the screw conveyor can be mounted on a container for a solid-liquid mixture. 此外，螺旋输送器可被安装在一个盛有固 - 液混合物容器上。The container maybe a receiving tank, an intermediate container, a storage container and the like formed of a suitable mate- rial. 容器可能是一个接收槽，一个中间容器，一存储容器以及一个合适的材料形成的容器等等。The jacket or sheath of a such screw conveyor is designed so that it can be penetrated by the flowing fluid and is formed as a sieve jacket extending into the trough at an angle.这样一个螺旋输送器的外套或护套的设计，以便它 可以由流动的流体渗透，并形成为以一定角度的槽延伸到的筛套。 The screw conveyor of this type comprises a closed tube in which the solid material is compressed, rinsed, if needed, and finally discharged into a collecting tank. For improving the flow characteristics of the feed screws, they, at least, in the region of the trough, are formed as a shankless screw, that is the central region of the screw is empty. This leads to that, at an inclination angle of the sieve jacket or the feed screw of more than 350, the transported solid materials fallsthrough the screw empty or free region and are not dis-charged. This leads to that, at different delivery heights, feed screws should have different length, and that substantially increases manufacturing costs. 这种类型的螺旋输送器包括一个封闭的管，在其中固体材料被压缩，漂洗，如果有必要的话，最终还会被排入收集箱。为了提高进给螺杆的流动特性，它们至少在槽的区域内，形成一个shankless螺杆，螺杆的中央区域是空的。这将导致，在筛夹克或进给丝杆的倾斜角超过350度时，运输的固体材料下降穿过螺杆中空的或免费的地区，并且不显示费用。这导致，在不同的交付高度，进给螺杆本应具有不同的长度，并且这从根本上增加了制造成本。 Accordingly, an object of the invention is a screw conveyor devoid of the above-mentioned drawback and, in particular, a conveyor which can be used at a more steep installation angle than the conventional screw conveyors. 因此，本发明的目的是设计一个没有上述的缺点的螺旋输送器的输送机，特别是，一个螺旋输送器的输送机，可用于比传统的螺旋输送机更陡的安装角度。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThis and other objects of the invention, which will become apparent hereinafter, are achieved by arranging the screw threads, when viewed in the transporting direction so that the front screw thread is spaced from the screw central axis a distance smaller than that of a screw thread locatedbehind, with the brush being arranged on the step formed by two outmost screw threads. 实现本发明这个和其它目的，下文将变得显而易见，通过布置螺纹，在传送方向上观察时，使前端的螺纹是从螺杆的中心轴的距离小于位于后面的一个螺纹隔开，刷子安放在两个最外层的螺纹形成的阶上。 Separate screw threads form with the screw central or rotational axis an angle of about 900. The screw threads are arranged so that each pair of adjacent screw threads forms a step therebetween, with the screw threads being axially downwardly displaced relative to each other. Thus, the steps, when viewed from the central axis, are arranged one beneath the other toward the sieve jacket. This prevent the material, which is transported by the screw, from falling through the free space of the shankless screw. By arranging the brush on the step formed by outmost screw threads, it is advantageously achieve that the brush, which has likewise a helical shape, is quasi setback, so that the screw thread closest to the sieve jacket extends, along some portions thereof, adjacent to the brush. This arrangement insures that the friction resistance of the helical brush,which slows the transportation of the material, is significantly reduced, whereby the sliding of the transported material along screw flanks is substantially facilitated. 独立的螺纹形成与螺杆中心轴或旋转轴的角度为约900。螺纹被布置成使得每一对相邻的螺纹形成其间的阶，使螺纹轴向下,相对于彼此移位。因此，这些梯级，从中心轴观察时，被布置成上下堆积朝向筛外套。这防止由螺丝输送的材料，通过自由空间的shankless螺杆掉落。在工序形成的最外层的螺纹上安装刷子，它有利于实现具有同样的螺旋形状刷子，是准挫折，使最近的筛夹克的螺纹沿相邻刷子的某些部分延伸。这样的安排保证，这会降低该材料的运输，螺旋刷的摩擦阻力显着降低，从而使沿螺杆侧翼的输送物料基本上是很便利的。 Advantageously, according to the invention, the front,when viewed in the transportation direction, surface of the brush is aligned with a substantially radially extending, with respect to the screw axis, surface of the screw thread adjacent to the outmost screw thread.根据本发明，有利的是，在输送方向前方观察时，最外层螺纹边上的螺纹表面,相对于螺杆轴，表面的刷对齐基本上沿径向延伸的，。 Thereby it is achieved that the brush and the screw thread adjacent to the outmost screw thread form a continuous smooth surface so that the transported material which slides outwardly under the action of tangential forces and gravity, encounter a minimal resistance. 由此来实现，在电刷和相邻最外层的螺纹的螺纹形成一个连续的光滑的表面，从而使所输送的材料，在切向力和重力的作用下向外滑动，会遇到一个最小的阻力。Transporting characteristics are substantially improved when the transported material slides smoothly along the brush helices. In the screw conveyor, the friction resistance of the jacket, which surrounds the screw, acts as a resistance force. By forming a smooth transporting surface, it is achieved, that the friction resistance along the inner surface of the jacket is greater than the friction resistance of the transporting surface of the screw. This prevents the transported material from being retained on thescrew, without being transported along the jacket in the transportation direction.当物料灵活的沿着刷螺旋滑下时，传输特性从根本上得到改善。在螺旋输送器中,环绕在螺丝周围外壳上的摩擦阻力，作为一个电阻力起作用。通过形成一种光滑的传送面，它被实现，沿其外套的内表面的摩擦阻力大于螺杆的输送表面的摩擦阻力。这保证输送材料没有沿外套输送的情况下不被保留在螺丝上。 It is further advantageously provided according to the invention, that the width of an innermost screw thread is very small in comparison with a length or height thereof measured in the screw axial direction. Thereby, the screw weight is reduced, without a need to eliminate a step between the inner-most and the next adjacent screw threads.Again, by forming a relatively long first step, the transport-ing characteristics of the feed screw are improved. Because of its small width, the innermost screw thread does not contribute in any substantial way to the transportation of thematerial by the screw. This further insures that the solid material, which is transported by the screw, would not fall into the free space provided between the screw threads.根据本发明,进一步有利地证明最内螺纹的宽度，与它们在螺杆的轴向方向测量的长度或高度比较下来是非常小的。由此，螺杆的重量减少，而不需要消除最内和下一个相邻的螺纹之间的一个梯级.因此，通过形成一个相对长的第1梯级，进给螺杆的传输特性的改善。 由于其宽度小，最里面的螺纹对螺丝材料的运输没有任何实质性的贡献。这进一步确保了由螺杆输送的固体材料，将不会下降到螺纹之间的空处。 It is further advantageously provided that the end face of each screw thread, located further away from the screw central axis, forms a step which, advantageously extends substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the screw threads and downwardly therefrom. This form of the screw prevents the material, which is transported by the screw, from being pressed against the jacket, which would have led to increased friction forces and, on occasion, to a stoppage of the conveyor due to jamming of the material between the screw and the jacket.进一步有利地证明，位于远离螺杆中心轴线的每个螺纹的端面，形成了一个梯级，其中，有利的大致垂直延伸到螺纹的上表面，并从其向下。这种形式的螺杆防止由螺杆输送的材料，被压进外壳，这将导致摩擦力增加，并且，偶尔，由于螺钉和护套间材料的干扰导致输送机的停止 It is further advantageously provided according to the invention, that the jacket comprises a sieve surface and is used, in this case, for discharging of the solid material contained in a solid-liquid mixture which flows though a trough or stored in a container.根据本发明进一步有利地证明，该外套包括一个筛面，在这种情况下，它将被用于排出固体物质，这种物质包含在流入一个槽或存储在一个容器内的一个固液混合物中。The improvements according to the present invention permit to mount the conveyor so that the feed screw extends to a horizontal at an angle of more than 350.根据装载输送机发明许可证的改善措施，使进给螺杆延伸的水平的角度超过350。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS简明附图说明 The objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent, and the invention itself will be best understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment when read with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:本发明的目的和特征将变得更加显而易见，并且从下面的详细描述的优选实施例参照附图来看，本发明本身将得到最好的理解，其特征在于： FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a screw conveyor inserted into a trough; 图。图1是插入槽的一个螺旋输送器的示意性侧视图; FIG. 2 is a side view of a screw used in a screw conveyor of FIG. 1; 图。图2是一个用在图1中螺旋输送器的一个螺钉的侧视图。 1; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the screw used in a screw conveyor of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a screw used in a screw conveyor of FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of a screw used in a screw conveyor of FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a screw used in a screw conveyor of FIG. 1; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a still further embodiment of a screw used in a screw conveyor of FIG. 1; and FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a screw used in a screw conveyor of FIG. 1.图。图3是图中使用的一个螺旋输送器的螺杆的剖视图。 1;图。图4是图中所使用的一个螺旋输送器的螺钉的另一个实施例的剖视图。 1;图。图5是图中使用的一个螺旋输送器的螺杆的又一实施例的横剖视图。 1;图。图6是图中所使用的一个螺旋输送器的螺钉的另一个实施例的横剖视图。 1;图。图7是图中使用的一个螺旋输送器的螺杆的再一个实施例的横剖视图。 1;图。图8是图中所使用的一个螺旋输送器的螺钉的一个优选实施例的示意性剖视图。 1。DETAILED DESCRiY110N OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS具体DESCRiY110N优选实例 A screw conveyor according to the present invention can generally be used for transporting solid material. If the feed screw surrounding sheath is formed, at a least along portion thereof, as a perforated basket, the screw conveyor can be used as a sieve conveyor for carrying away solid material from a solid-liquid mixture filling a trough or a container. Further explanations are made with reference to a particular embodiment of a screw conveyor mounted on a trough. However, this does not mean that the invention is limited to this particular embodiment of a screw conveyor. 根据本发明的螺旋输送器，一般可以用于输送固体材料。如果进给螺杆周围的鞘形成，在至少其沿部分，作为一个带孔的筐中，螺旋输送器可以被用来作为一个筛传送带从填充槽或容器中的固 - 液混合带走固体材料。进一步的解释是参照一个安装在一个槽上的螺旋输送器特定的实施例。然而，这并不意味着，本发明仅限于这种特定的螺旋输送器实施例。 The screw conveyor 1, shown in FIG. 1, has a feed screw extending into the trough 3 and surrounded about the region thereof, projecting into the trough 3, with a sieve jacket 5.The sieve jacket 5 is cylindrical and is provided, as shown, with a plurality of openings. 螺旋输送器1，示于图 1，有着进给丝杆，它携带着筛子外套5延伸到槽3和有关它们的区域周围，伸入到槽3。筛套5是圆筒状并提供了如图所示的多个开口部。The number and cross-section of the openings are selected dependent on the application and operational conditions of the screw conveyor 1. Usually,the openings are circular. However, according to a designated application, elongate openings or so-called bar sieve plates can be used.所述开口的数量和横截面的选择取决于螺旋输送器1上的应用程序和操作条件。一般，所述开口是圆形的。然而，根据一个指定的应用程序，细长开口或所谓的酒吧筛板可以使用。However, the cross-section of the openings does not form part of the present invention, and would not be further discussed. As shown in FIG. 1, the sieve jacket 5 has a plurality of substantially symmetrically arranged round openings. 但是，开口部的横截面不构成本发明的一部分，并且将不再进一步讨论。如图中所示。如图1所示，筛夹克5具有多个大致对称地配置的圆形开口。 The sieve jacket 5 can be formed of a substantially cylindrical sheet metal portion or a sieve plate,which is not completely closed but rather is open, facing in a direction opposite to the direction of a stream flowing through the trough 3, as indicated by an arrow.筛套5可以由大致圆筒状的金属板部或筛板形成，筛板是不完全封闭的，而是开放的，所面对的方向是流经槽3的水流的相反的方向，如所指示的箭头。Through the opening in the sieve jacket, the solid-liquid mixture, which flows through the trough 3, can enter the sieve jacket, with the liquid flowing through the openings in the sieve jacket 65 and the solids being retained there.流经槽3的固 - 液混合物，与通过筛夹套65的流动的液体和被保持在那里的固体，可以通过在筛套的开口，进入筛外壳。 The retained solids are carried away from the region of the sieve jacket 5 by a feed screw (not shown in FIG. 1) through a conical tube section into a cylindrical tubular regions. 被保留的固体由（图1中未示出）一个锥形管部分进入圆筒形的管状区域的进给螺杆带离筛套5的区域。Therefrom, the solids are carried through a pressure section 10 to an ejector 11 ，which discharges the solids into a container 13. The container 13 is 5 provided outside of the trough 3. The solids, which are carried away from the trough 3 are compressed in the pressure section 10. The squeezed out water is returned to the trough 3 through a drain pipe 15. The screw conveyor is supported in a suitable manner with a mounting la secured outside of the trough 3.从其，固体通过一个压力部分10进行的喷射器11到一个容器13的固体。该容器13是5以外的槽3提供。在压力部分10被压缩的固体物，从槽3的被带走。挤压出来的水通过排水配管15返回到输送槽3。螺旋输送器以合适的方式与一个安装拉担保的槽3外侧的支持。 The rotational or central axis 19 of the screw conveyor is inclined with respect to the bottom 21 of the trough. It may be inclined, e.g., at an angle of 45%.螺旋输送器的旋转中心轴19的倾斜相对于在槽的底部21。它可能是倾斜的，例如，在45的角度。The sieve jacket extends up to the bottom 21. In the region of the jacke 15 opening 23, which faces the stream of the solid-liquid mixture, there are provided guiding plates 25 which extend up to the side limiting walls of the trough 3 and serve to insure that all of the mixture flows through the sieve jacket 20。 A suitable drive 27 is provided on the screw conveyor 1 and which drives, through a gear box 29, the feed screw of the screw conveyor 1.筛套向上延伸到底部21。JACKE15开口23，其面对的固 - 液混合物的流在该区域中，设置有导向板25，它向上延伸的侧限制槽3的壁和服务以确保所有的混合物流经筛套20。一个合适的驱动器27被设置在螺杆式输送机1和其驱动，通过一齿轮箱29，螺旋输送器中的进给螺杆。 FIG. 2 shows a section of the feed screw, which extend inside of the conveyor 1 and, in particular, the section that extends inside of the sieve jacket 5 (FIG. 1). This feed screw section is formed as a screw 31. The screw 31 of the section located in the region of the sieve jacket 5, is formed as a shankless screw.图2示出了部分的进给螺杆，传送带1的内部延伸，并且，特别是，筛套5的内侧延伸的部分（图1）。此进给螺杆部作为一个螺钉31被形成。位于筛套5区域内的螺杆31，作为shankless螺杆形成。The outer diameter of the screw 31 is so selected that it contacts the inner surface of the sieve jacket 5. The screw 31 have at least two, in the discussed example, four screw threads 33, 35, 37 and 39 each formed as a band. As can be seen in FIG. 2, which shows cross-sections of the upper and lower regions of the screw 31, with the cross- sectional plane passing through the rotational or central axis of the screw conveyor 1, the cross-section of each separate screw thread is substantially rectangular. The screw threads 33, 35, 37 and 39 partially overlap each other and form together a stepped surface. The screw threads 33, 35, 37 and 39 are so arranged that each large surface, visible in the cross-section, form with the central axis 19 a substantially rectangular angle. 螺杆31的外直径是这样选择，它接触筛套5的内表面。螺杆31有至少两个，在所讨论的例子中，四个螺纹33，35，37和39分别形成作为一个乐队。正如在图中可以看出的。 2，它显示的螺杆31中，在上部和下部区域的横截面的平面穿过的螺杆式输送机1的旋转或中心轴的横截面，每个单独的螺纹的横截面基本上是矩形的。螺纹33，35，37和39的各部分彼此重叠，并一起形成台阶表面。螺纹33，35，37和39这样布置为使得横截面的每一个大的表面可见，与中心轴19形成一个大致矩形的角度的形式。 The separate screw threads 33, 35, 37 and 39 are arranged along an imaginary helical line 50 that the screw 31 forms the feed screw. The outer diameters of the separate screw threads 33, 35, 37 and 39 are not equal to each other. The screw thread 33 with the smallest outer diameter lies somewhat inward of the adjacent screw thread 35, so that the screw threads 33 and 35 partially overlap each other. The outer diameter of the screw thread 35 is somewhat larger than the inner diameter of the screw thread 37 so that these two screw threads likewise overlap each other. The outer diameter of the screw thread 37 is correspondingly larger than the inner diameter of the screw thread 39, and these two screw threads also overlap partially each other. Thus a stepped structure, mentioned above, is formed. 单独的螺纹33，35，37和39沿假想螺旋线50被布置，螺杆31形成进给螺杆。单独的螺纹33，35，37和39外直径彼此不相等。最小外径的螺纹33位于相邻的螺纹35的内侧，从而使螺纹33和35的部分彼此重叠。螺纹35的外径稍大于螺纹37，使得这两个螺纹有同样彼此重叠的内径。相应的螺纹37的外径大于螺旋螺纹39的内径，这两个螺纹部分彼此重叠。因此，上面提到的，形成台阶结构。 The outer diameter of separate screw threads 33, 35, 37, 39 remains the same over the entire visible longitudinal extension of the spiral 31, visible in the direction of the central axis 19. 单独的螺纹33，35，37，39的外径保持不变，在整个可见光的螺旋31的纵向延伸，在中心轴19的方向可见。Thereby, upon rotation of the screw 31 about the central axis 15 a cylindrical envelope if formed for each of the screw threads 33, 375, 37 and 39, with the outer diameter of the outmost screw thread 39 being somewhat smaller than the inner diameter of the sieve jacket 5. 由此，围绕中心轴线15的圆筒状的包络线的螺杆31旋转时，如果形成的螺纹33，375，37和39，为每个与最外螺纹39的外径稍小于筛套5的内径。When the screw 31 is rotated by the motor 27, the material accumulated in the sieve jacket 5 will be solid transported in the direction indicated by the arrow (FIG. 2). The screw thread 33, which is the frontmost thread seen in the transporting direction, is thus spaced from the central axis a smaller distance then the screw thread 35 located rear of the screw thread 33. The same applies to the screw threads 35 and 37, as well as to screw threads 37 and 39.当螺钉31是由马达27的旋转，筛套5中累积的材料，将在由箭头指示的方向上（图2）输送固体。螺纹33，这是在搬送方向看到的最前面的线程，因此，从中心轴的一个较小的距离，然后在位于螺纹33的后部的螺纹35隔开。这同样适用于螺纹35和37，以及37和39螺纹。 Because of the substantially rectangular cross-section ofthe separate screw threads 33, 35, 37 and 39, the edges of the screw threads 33, 35, 37 and 39, remote from the axis 19, define steps 41, 43 and 45 having flanks extending perpen- dicular to the surfaces of the contiguous screw threads. 由于基本上矩形横截面的数值模拟单独的螺纹33，35，37和39，螺纹33，35，37和39的边缘远离轴线19，定义的边缘延伸的梯级41，43和45，其具有侧翼垂直于表面的连续螺纹。Because the outer diameter of each screw thread 33, 35, 37 and 39 is the same along its entire longitudinal extension, as seen along the axis 19, the steps 41, 43, 45 do not generate any outwardly directed, toward the sieve jacket 5, forces acting on the solid material transported by the screw 31.由于螺纹33，35，37和39沿其整个纵向延伸的外径是相同的，沿轴线19，梯级41，43，45不产生任何可见向外指向的，朝向筛夹克5 ，产生向螺杆31输送固体物质的作用力。However, the steps 41, 43 and 45 prevent the solid material from falling into the free middle space of the screw 31, which extends around the axis 19. First of all, the steps 41, 43, 45 prevent the slippage of the materials collected on the screw 31 into the free space of the screw 31. Thus, the inner surface of the si