中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

2013中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习常见习惯用语（一）知识概要 ?由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多 不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与 人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例 如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful?这时的答语应该是 Thank you?如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is verygood? 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说 的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语， 但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you?虽然交际英语 有一些规 律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们 的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外 语。 ?（二）正误辨析 ?误 - What can I du?- Yes ， please help me? ?正 - What can I du?- Id like to buy a sweater?析 What can I du? 这一问语实际上用于的情景 很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句 话应译为：您想要点什么 ?在其他场合也可以被译为：我 能为您做些什么 ?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的 帮助。 ?误 - Which colour do you like?- Sorry， I dont like? ?正 - Which colour do you like?Iblue? ?析 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes ， I like it?误 Do you lwith us tonight? ?正 Would you lwith us tonight? ?析 Do you like 问的是对方的习惯，如： Doyou like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would youlike 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英 语表达法还有如下几种： ?Shall we go? 我们走吧 !?Lets go?让我们走吧 !?How about having a cup of tea?喝杯茶如何 ?What about a cu? 喝杯咖啡如何 ?Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢 ?其肯定答语一般为 Certainly ， Yes ，O.K.All right,With pleasure?误 Sorry ， Ivu waiting?Not at all? ?正 Sorry ， Ivu waiting?Never mind? ?析 介意不介意 这一问法与答语在中英文中有 所不同。如： ?-Do you mindg here?-_ ?A.Yes,do it please?B.No, of course not?C.Yes,take it please?D.No, you cant take it?这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意,当然不而 A 选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽 吧。而 D选项是：不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意 见时,可以有以下问法：Do you mind if Idoor?Would you mind mailing the l?其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not , not at all?而不同意时应为 Yes , 或 Im sorry?误 Whats that man?H? ?正 Whats that man?He is a teacher? ?正 Whos that man?H? (Hs father?) ?析 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的 是姓名或身份。 ?误 - How much are they?- Half a kilo， please? ?正 - How many bananas do you want?- Half a kilo? Please? ?析 How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际 物品的多少。误 Im sorry ， buwaark? ?正 Excuse me ， buwaark? ?析 I 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始 语。而Excuse me? 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。误 - Have a goodght!?- You aame? ?正 - Have a goodght!?- The sau? ?析 The sau 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法误 - Whatblem?Ive got a headache? ?正 Whats wrong with you?Ive got a headache? ?析Whats wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而Whatblem? 是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。 ?误 - Now ， Im back? Can I play?Perhaps? Youd better do your homew? ?正 - Now ， Im back? Can I play?Im afraid not? Youd better do your homew? ?析 Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps? 而 Im afraid not?则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有： ?Im afraid that you are right?其后直接加宾语从句。 ?- Will youbirthday party?- Im afraid not? I have to gather? Hal?其后 not ，表示否定。 ?- Sor ry， I dont want to galone， Imafraiddog?其后名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。 ?Mary is afraid of making mistaxam?其后 of 动名词，表示害怕做某事。 ?Mary is afraidacher because she didnt do wellxam?其后 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。 ?误 - How soon will you be ready?- Two days? ?正 - How soon will you be ready?- In two days? ?析 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意 的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什 么。 How soon问的是 还有多久才能作完 ，这时要用 in two days ， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 twodays 。 ?误 - Would you mind if I hav?- I dont mind?- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?正 - Would you mind if I hav?- When exactly?- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?析 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的dont mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句 而是疑问句。 根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符 合。 ?误 Suur nameis Tom?Tgs and youup? Tword you saywill probably be Who are you? ?正 Suur nameis Tom?Tgs and youup? Tword you saywill probably be Hello? This is Tomspeaking? ?析 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况， 或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度 上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时， 如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问 Whos that(speaking)? 但不要讲 Who areyou? 如果你想先介 绍一下自己可以讲This isxxxxspeaking而不要 讲Imxxxx也不要讲My name isxxxxx.就语法而论，Who are you? Imxxxx?My name isxxxxx?并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就 打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。 ?误 - Do yous going to rain over the weekend? - Idon? ?正 - Do yous going to rain over the weekend?- I? ?析 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I? I? I believe so? 是 相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don? 但 I dontbelieve so?和 I don? 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not? 和 I? 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!?误- Is anybody there?- No ，Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?正- Is everybody there?- No ，Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?析 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前 ，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句 中的不定代词，用 anybody 。 但是 Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗 ?而 Is everybody there? 为： 全都到齐了吗 ?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked forleave?误- Your handwriting is very good!?No ， my handwriting is v? ?正- Your handwriting is very good!?Thank you? ?析 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖 你或 赞美你时，就应说： Thank you? 又比如中国人见面时 常讲 Where areyou going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet? 而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私 生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! Howare you going? （ 你过得怎样 ）Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 则被认为是较正 规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。 ?friend and want to leave you may say： Excuse me?Ill go first? ?正 When you have had dinner with an American friendand want to leave you may say： Excuse me?I have to go? ?析 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法， 而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲Ill go first?朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go?则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做 此事。?误Would you ldght?Id like to， and Im too busy? ?正Would you ldght?- Id like to ， but Im too busy? ?析 Im too busy?与 Id like to?误When you have had dinnerwith an American在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎 逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语 言的基础上的词语辨析。 ?误 - Wheres Deter?- Deter will come with us tonight but very sure yet? ?正 - Wheres Deter?- Deter may come with us tonight but very sure yet? ?析 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的 来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不 肯定的事件。?误 - Hi ， havenu for ages! You l!?- Great? You look well too? ?正 - Hi ， havenu for ages! You l!?- Thanks? You look well too? ?析要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks则表示感谢对方的称赞。 ?所以对情景谈话要有 准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密 思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上 的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际 交际能力。 ?（三）例题解析 ?1?- Would you lav?A?Yes， I like B? Yes， please C? of courseD? Yes， I have?答案 B.?析 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接 受则讲Yes ， please? 如不想接受则用 No， thanks?2? - Nu?-?A?Good morning B? Hau， too ?C?Nu， too D? Pleasedu ， ?答案 C.?析 虽然 A、B、D 三个选项都可以作为某种问候 语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话， 以表达同样的心情。 ?3?- Would you please givwater?Yes， I would B?Certainly C?No，A?thanks D?Yes， please答案 B.?析 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时， 一般的回答是肯定的。而 Yes， please? 为 是的，您 请做某事吧 。这一含意显然不对。 ?4?- Thank you very mulping me?A? Youre welcome B? It doesnt ma? No need D? Dont saythat?答案 A.?析 Youre welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而It doesnt matter 则为：没关系。 ?5? - Hello ， Lucy? How are you?-_ And you?A? Fine ， thanks B?Yes， I a?Gladu D?Good a?答案 A.?析在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以 对 Howare you? 的答语应为 很好，谢谢 !?A? It sounds nice B? Yes，please ? C? Yes，Lets helpea D? Thank you ?答案 D.?析 Help yourselat 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意 为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。 ?7?- Oh ， I aling well? Ive got a cold?A?Fine ， How are you? B?Never mind? Takecare ?C? Well ， I m sure to get weel soon D? Iar that?答案 D.?析 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而 B、 C 则是 中国人常讲的答语。 ?8?-u speak English very well?A?No， I donB?Thank you very much?C? Not good enough D? Thats all right答案 B.?6?- Help yourselat?9? - Kate ， could you answlephone ， please?-_ , Mum? Ill get it. ?A?Yes， I could B?No， thanks ?C? O?K? D? Yes， but I hav?答案 C.?析 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气 委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情 态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。 ?10?- Could you look after Pollwhile wereaway?A?No， thanks B?With pleasure ?C?Im not afraid D? Im sure you will?答案 B.?析 With pleasure?是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。 ?11?- Hello! Could I speaadmaster ， please?A?Good night B? ThatgA?Hold on ， please B? Thatadmaster ，please C?Who are you ? please D? Sorry?Iadmaster ?答案 A.?析 hold on ， please? 是指请对方等一等不要 将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that ， 而要用 this ，在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。?12?- Happy birthday!?A?Thank you B? The sau ?C?Good luck D? Congratulations 答案 A.?析 the sau 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于 生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。 ?13?- II dont know the way ， either? Youdbetter ask that policemalp?C? Very well D? Thank you all the same答 案 D.?析 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感 谢语则为 Thank you all the same? 意为不管如何还是 要谢谢你。 ?14?- I fell and hurt my leg last week， So Icant do anything?A? IB? Dont w? Good luck D? Bad luck?答案 D.?析 如果用 A 则要用 Iar that? 而不能单用 Im sorry? 因I 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸 啊。?15?- _ ?- I have got a cough?A?Whats your trouble? B?What have yougot? ?C? Why did you? D? Have you got a cough?答案 A.?析 Whats your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么 问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有Whats wrongwith you?16?- Would you like to gg with me?A?Yes， Id love to B? Thats right C?Yes， please D? Quite well ?答案 A.?析 表示愿意作某事应讲： Id love to? Id like to?17?- Whats the weather like today!?A? Ita walk B? I like autumn best of all C? It will bw D?Its rather cold today ?答案 D.?析 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。 因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选 D18? - Is Jane in ， please? I waa?- Sorry ， ut? Youd betterA?vB? call her later ?C?aD? speaurself?答案 B.?析 call her later 晚些时候再来电话19?-?- Very well ， thank you ， and you?A?How do you do? B?Good morning? ?C?How are you these days? D?How do you likeEnglish?答案 C.?析 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语 的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do?20? - How is you?A? ld B? ban she was C? d?hearted D? 答案 B.?析 How is you? 问的是你妈身体如何，而 B 选 项则是 她不比以前强 。而其他三个选项则是所问非所 答。?21?- Thank you very muur help?A? Youre welcome B? Please don? Thereuble D?No，?答案 A.?22? Your uncle has taken youa? Afterwards you thank him?He says _ . ?A? It wag B? Im glad you enjoyed it ?C? Dont say it D?No， neednt?答案 B.?析这是英语的答语，千万不要选A,因它是中文习惯的答语。 ?23?- Thank you for your good?A? Its not good B?No， ? My pleasure D?Never mind答案 C.?Wdid a good deed for you ， you should sayA.you are too good B.Its very kind of you C.you are very kindD.Ill thank you答案 B.?25? - I am v? I am late for dinner?A.No ，you arent B.Thats all rig ，you are D.No，you dont答案 B.?析 Thats all right?没关系。 ?26? - II hurt you?A? IB? Itue ?C?It doesnt matter D?Dont sa?答案 C.?27? - I should have gxhibition with you?A? IB? What a pity ?C? It doesnt maD? Thats terrible答案 B.?析 What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和24?你一起去展览会28?- Help yoursel?.?A?myselfYou are very kind B?Yes， Im helping?C?Thank you D? Yes， dont worry abou 答案C.?29?- Are you ready?-_ . ?A?Im vB? Try to be patient ?C?Not yet ， wait a minute D?Do you hav ，please?答案析意为还没有完成30?- Mum ， I have passed the exam?.?A?Thats all right B? Congratula? You areluck D? Good luu 答案 B.?31?- I think I have to leave? I hope we canget together again?A?All right B? Thats all rig? O?K?D? I ，答案 D.?32?Must I wait tillback? ?A?No，you neednt B?No，you mustnt ?C?No，you may not D?No，you cant答案 A.?析 must 提问表示必须这样做吗 ?而肯定句要用must ， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 neednt 表示没有必要做。?33?-I pay you the houghtaway?- Yes， you have to do it?A?Shall B?Way C? Must D? Have答案 C.?34?- Dont youloubright? ?A?Yes， I agree B? Yes，but I don. ?C?Yes， of course not D?Yes， whatswrong?答案 A.?35?- It was cold yesterday?.?A?So was it B?So it wa?I believD?Ibeliev答案 B.?析当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 soit was 即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面 讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如：I wayesterday? So did I?表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。?36?- What do youg?A?I like music very much B?I l?C? With pleasure D? It sounds sw答案D.?析sound在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。 系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。 ?37?Do you liketea?.?A?Yes， I do B?Thank youC?Thats fine D?Either will do答案 D.?析will do? 为两者哪个都可以。38? I like your sweatervery much?A?No， its ugly B? Thank you D? Yourewel 答案 C.?析 这是英美语言的习惯。 ? 39?He likes travelling by train? ?A?So do I B?I d? I like so D?I like it答案 A.?40?- How do you like your school?A?I like it very much B? Its very beautiful?C?I doesnt like it D?Very well答案 B.?析How do you like 是问你们学校是怎样值 得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。 ?41?What a nice day! ?A?Youre right B?No， isnt it?C?Yes， isnt it? D?Really?答案 C.?析 Yes ， isnt it?是的，难道不是个好天气吗?42?-Hello ,?- This is Della speaking?A? Who are you B? Are you Tom ?C? Wat D? Please tell me who are you答案 C.?析 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自43? -Whats he like?A?He likes English B?He is old ?C?He is like a farmer D?He is tall and 答案 D.?析 要区分 Whats he like?如 What does helike? 前者为：他长得什么样 ?而后者是：他喜欢什么。44? How did you do your job? ?Not very wellyour aunt?-She is aal of a middle school?A? What does B? Where d? What is D?W答案 C.?46?- Hboss?A? Whats the man? B? Wan?C? Howan? D? What dan do?答案 B.?A? Im sure B?I am afraidC? Thank you D?I 答案 B.?析 I am afraid我恐怕是，我想是。45?47? - May I have your name?A?No， no B? Youre pol? CallD? Its kindof you?答案 C.?48? - Shall I mau?dont ma?答案 A.?49?- Could you showway to Mr? Buown?A? Not at all B? Im su? All right D? I can d?答案 C.?50?- Shall we go swimmingw a?A? Its very kind of you B? You aughtfulC? Thats a good idea D?Yes， well goA?Yes， thank you B?No， dont troubleC? Dont trouble this， thank you D?No，