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精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 静安区2019学年第一学期教学质量检测 高三年级英语 . Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Do Avalanches Happen If youre ever skiing in the mountains, youll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche (21) _ (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow. Avalanches (22) _ be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives (23) _ (know) to lead to avalanches. Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, (24) _ snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns. Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict - and often prevent - avalanches from (25) _ _ (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places (26) _ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that dont pose a danger to persons or property. When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. (27) _ its possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escape. If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself (28) _ (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging (29) _ farther under the snow rather than to the top! Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around you (30) _ (create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. secretly B. relevant C. agreement D. tested E. devotion F. advanced G. unlock H. revealed I. withdrawal J. separately K. unimaginable Founding Father of Chinas Nuclear Program Under the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Tready（不扩散核武器条约）, only five countries are considered to be “nuclear - weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been _31_ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of Chinas nuclear weapon programs. Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded Peoples Republic of China with _32_ physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min. From 1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working _33_ with a team of young scientists on the development of Chinas first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its _34_ with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to _35_ the mysterious power of atomic physics. There was ridicule（嘲笑）following the _36_ of the Soviet experts that China wouldnt be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our _37_ to this cause.” As the leader of Chinas atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the _38_ foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development. Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was _39_ in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development. Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was _40_, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientists, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science. . Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is Crucial With consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative（叙述）, let alone your product? A recent report by Trust-Radius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors（供应商）, may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully _41_ about their products. Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics（策略）is increasing. _42_, according to the report, most consumers trust online peer _43_ as much as recommendations from friends - and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more _44_ than a brand ambassador（大使）from an out-of-reach personality. Transparency（透明度）is crucial The report found that there is a large trust _45_ between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers dont appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors - _46_ to be open about their products limitations during the sales process - but only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers dont expect any products to be _47_ - they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can _48_ the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more _49_. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual. Along with the combination of take news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been _50_ giving preferential（优惠的）treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning（有辨别力的）, as a result. _51_, review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second - to - second basis. When brands treat every _52_ with a customer as a potential review, theyll start paying more attention to detail, and being alert to delivering a valued and memorable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure _53_, and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online. The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the _54_ of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting - edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customer care, its odd to acknowledge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open _55_ with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion. 41. A. nervous B. honest C. careful D. particular 42. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However 43. A. reviews B. reactions C. experiences D. instructions 44. A. weight B. risks C. warnings D. burdens 45. A. relationship B. influence C. gap D. extension 46. A. refuse B. hesitate C. desire D. claim 47. A. advanced B. perfect C. remarkable D. unique 48. A. consider B. offer C. select D. exercise 49. A. efficient B. profitable C. human D. responsible 50. A. associated with B. mistaken by C. praised as D. criticized for 51. A. On the contrary B. In fact C. By contrast D. In a word 52. A. cooperation B. complaint C. interaction D. appointment53. A. safety B. loyalty C. convenience D. employment 54. A. money B. choice C. habit D. voice 55. A. dialogue B. debate C. competition D. contract Section BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As humanity has got richer, animals roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming. The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures - such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions - have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature. The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pets individual tastes. In the business this is called “pet humanisation” - the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to - in America - Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels. People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cats “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: whos in charge now?56. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Peoples needs for animal services are decreasing. B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing. C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious. D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before. 57. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays. B. Pets inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners. C. Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping. D. Pets roles as both working staff and companions. 58. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters. B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets. C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world. D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets. 59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Changing Roles of Animals B. The Urge for Pet-keeping C. Who Owns Whom D. Love Me, Love My Dog(B)Depression hurts, Prozac can help Depression isnt just feeling down. Its a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason. Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. Thats not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin - a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression - especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like to much to handle. To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe（开处方）most often is Prozac. Prozac isnt a “happy pill”. Its not a tranquilizer（镇静剂）. It wont turn you into a different person. Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually arent serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash（皮疹）, tell your doctor right away. And dont forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking. Some people should not take Prozac, especially people an MAO inhibitors（单胺抑制剂）. As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isnt right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you - or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it. 60. All the following are true EXCEPT _. A. It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination. B. Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms. C. Depression can be caused by combination of factors. D. Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood. 61. What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?A. Prozac is a newly developed drug to treat depression. B. patients who take Prozac can experience severe side a effects. C. A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac. D. Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac. 62. This piece of information is most probably_. A. an introduction to a scientific project B. a part of prescription drug instructions C. a part of a research report in a medical journal D. an advertisement of a medicine for depression (C) Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book). Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reading fluency in a second language seems to plummet: 10. The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that its “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native - level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesnt seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out youre still learning fast. Its just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College. Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Childrens brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning theyre better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and childrens brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.” Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default（默认）to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate（石板）. These findings may seems discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 - when language learning ability starts to drop off - seems relatively old. “People fared better when thy learned by immersion（沉浸）, rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where our desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If thats not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, its possible to become conversationally proficient - even without the advantage of a childs brain. 63. The word “plummet” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “_”. A. plunge B. rise C. end D. vary 64. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshornes words?A. Age 10 -18 is the best time to learn a second language. B. Children are too young to grasp a second language. C. Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills. D. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language. 65. What might be the reason why adults cant reach native - level fluency in a second language. A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues B. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process. C. Adults spend more time responding to new information. D. Adults prefer an immersive en
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