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精品资料题型专项突破-Unit5阅读理解（急救篇）一、阅读理解1. First aid means the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first, that is, before any other help arrives. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do, if a serious accident happens, is to telephone for an ambulance. Sometimes quick action by us may save someones life. ShockPeople often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injury is a small one. The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink. Broken bonesDo not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. Treat for shock if necessary. BleedingA little bleeding does no harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or help arrives. PoisonA person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the patient sick by pressing your fingers down his throat. Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him. (1) According to the passage when a serious accident happens, the first thing we should do is to _. A. take some actionsB. save the life of the injured personC. phone for an ambulanceD. keep the injured person warm and quiet(2) Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. First aid means giving the injured person the aid or help at once before the doctor comes. B. When a person has broken his legs, we should send him to hospital at once. C. A little bleeding does no harm because the blood can wash dirt from the wound. D. When a person has taken poison, you should take him to hospital at once. (3) Why cant an injured person be crowded by people around him?A. Because the people around him may hurt him. B. Because he needs plenty of air and to be quiet. C. Because they will be in the way of the ambulance. D. Because they will disturb his rest. (4) The passage mainly tells us_. A. some advice on how to deal with common accidentsB. some facts about some common accidentsC. something we must rememberD. some examples of common accidents答案: 解析: (1) C 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do，if a serious accident happens，is to telephone for an ambulance. ”可知答案是打电话找救护车。 (2) B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. ”可知当时需要做的是找救护车，并且不能随便移动病人。B项的表述与此相悖，故选B项。 (3) B 细节理解题。从最后一段可知正确选项为B项。 (4) A 主旨大意题。本文是说明文，根据文章的结构可以看出A项为正确选项。 2. External bleeding. Apply direct pressure. Place a clean, folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. If blood soaks through, do not remove it. Instead, cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 710 minutes. If the bleeding is from the ear, place a clean bandage over the ear, lay the victim on his side, and follow the blood to drain out through the bandage. Elevate the injury. Position the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart if possible while you apply direct pressure. Know the pressure point. If direct pressure and elevation dont sufficiently slow the bloodflow, find a pressure point. Large arteries(动脉) found close to the skins surface supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg. The most common pressure points used during the first aid are located in the upper arms and in the creases(皱纹) above the upper legs. Apply pressure to the closest pressure point to the wound so that the artery is pressed between your fingers and the bone directly behind the artery. If using the pressure point on a leg, you may need to use the heel of your hand instead of your fingers. Resort to tourniquet(止血带, 脉压器). On very rare occasions everything listed above may fail. To prevent the victim from dying, you should apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is applied, it should not be loosened or removed until the victim has reached medical help. Use a tourniquet only if everything listed above has failed. If you use a tourniquet, write down somewhere on the victim the time when it was applied, so medical persons will know how long it has been in place. (1) According to the passage, if a person is wounded and bleeding, you should_. A. cover the wound with a clean, folded cloth and press itB. spread some salve (药膏) on the woundC. press the wound firmly with your fingerD. place a clean bandage over the wound(2) If the blood soaks through the cloth, you should_. A. change a clean one immediatelyB. wash the wound at onceC. press the wound firmly with your handD. cover the one with another one and press it(3) The underlined word “apply” in the first paragraph means_. A. 申请 B. 应用 C. 实施 D. 生效(4) In this passage_ ways are mentioned to stop blood. A. four B. three C. two D. one(5. According to the passage, we know that_. A. it is better to put the injured part above the head to stop bleedingB. large arteries deep in the muscle supply blood to the head and to each arm and legC. we should use a tourniquet first to stop bleedingD. the most common pressure points lie in the upper arms and in the creases above the upper legs(1) A 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句“Place a clean，folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. ”可知C项为正确选项。 (2) D 细节理解题。第一段的第四、五句“If blood soaks through，do not remove it. Instead，cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 710 minutes. ”可知D选项为正确答案。 (3) B 词义猜测题。根据apply后面的pressure可知应该是“应用压力”。 (4) A 细节题解题。每一段的第一句话就提到一种止血方法，因此共4种。 (5. D 推理判断题。第三段的第三句话明确提到“动脉一般在胳膊或腿上方的皱褶中”可知D选项为正确答案。 3.If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isnt breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, tilt(使翘起) his head back and press his chin(下巴) upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesnt work, start mouthtomouth breathing. Press his nostrils(鼻孔，) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a bluegrey colour, and you can feel no pulse(脉搏), then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Dont be too hard or you may break a rib(肋骨). Check how effective you are seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.(1) This passage is mainly about _.A. how to save people out of the waterB. how to give first aid to people who are drowningC. how to do mouthtomouth breathingD. how to save a child from a river答案与解析: B主旨大意题。结合文章的内容特别是文章第一句If you see someone drowning, speed is very important.可知作者主要是想向读者传递如何急救溺水者，故B项正确。(2) Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isnt breathing, you must first _.A. get him breathing againB. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possibleC. find someone to help youD. call the First Aid Centre答案与解析: A细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句可知当一个溺水的人被救上来后，你有4分钟的时间可以抢救他，所以让他能重新呼吸是最重要的。故A项正确。(3) In the last paragraph, the underlined word “rescue”means _.A. breath B. helpC. doctor D. pulse答案与解析: B猜测词义题。结合文章急救的主题，和rescue所在的语句，以及上文内容可知rescue意为“营救”。(4) If the drowning boy has no pulse, _.A. pressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathingB. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his lifeC. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can workD. pressing is the last chance of saving his life答案与解析: D细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句. .and you can feel no pulse(脉搏), then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.“如果你还是感觉不到他的脉搏，那么按压胸部是挽救他生命的最后机会”。4. Electric Shocks Can Be FatalGovernment statistics recently showed that in the UK, more than 3，000 people a year experience electric shocks in their home. A smaller number of people are killed after they contact with power lines outside the home. Electric shocks can cause a persons heart or breathing to stop, can also cause burns and are potentially fatal. It is essential for people to learn basic first aid techniques to deal with such emergencies.What to do? If you are the first person to reach someone who has had an electric shock, dont touch him/her! If they are still holding the appliance (家用电器) that has given them shock (e.g. a hair dryer), unplug it or turn off the power at its source. Under_no_circumstances_will_you_try_to_move_the_appliance_with_your_hand! If you cant turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a broom handle or a chair, to separate the victim from the appliance or the power source. You may even be able to do this with a folded newspaper. The victim must remain lying down. If they are unconscious, victims should be placed on their side. But they should not be moved if there is a possibility of neck or spine injuries unless it is absolutely necessary. It is essential to maintain the victims body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouthtomouth resuscitation (人工呼吸). Keep the victims head low until professional help arrives. If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line, the dangers to the victim and to anybody providing first aid are much greater.(1) What kind of passage is it?A. An advertisement. B. A horror story.C. A news report. D. First aid emergency advice.(2) The underlined sentence “ Under no circumstances will you try to move the appliance with your hand！” implies that _. A. you should move the appliance that caused itB. you should pick up the appliance and turn off the electricityC. it is very dangerous to touch the appliance with your handsD. it is unnecessary to unplug the appliance with your hands(3) When a person has got an electric shock, you should_. A. separate the victim from the appliance and let him sit upB. keep the victim warm and help him breathe againC. move the victim onto his side if he has got neck injuriesD. keep the victims head high until professional help arrives(1)解析: 通读全文可知，文章用大量篇幅向读者介绍对触电的人该如何进行急救，故这是一篇有关急救建议的文章。答案: D(2) 解析: 本句为倒装句，意为: 任何情况下都不要用手将家用电器移开。可见用手触碰触电者所持的家用电器是很危险的。答案: C(3) 解析: 由倒数第二段可知，要保持触电者的体温，同时要帮助他恢复呼吸，故选B项。由倒数第三段首可知，应使触电者躺下而不是坐起来，排除A项；若触电者颈部受伤了，不应挪动他，排除C项；由倒数第二段末句可知，应将触电者的头部放低而不是抬高，排除D项。答案: B
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