资源描述
精品资料Section_Grammar_&_Writing 省略为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。一、简单句的省略1祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语you。Open the window.请(你)打开窗户。2在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。(Is there) Anything else?(还有)其他东西吗？3疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。Are you a student?你是一名学生吗？Yes, I am (a student)是的，我是(一名学生)。4感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。What a beautiful girl (she is)!(她是)多么漂亮的女孩呀！二、比较结构的省略在“the比较级，the比较级” 结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be)(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。He is cleverer than any other boy (is)他比其他男孩聪明。三、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。My father is a lawyer and my mother (is) a teacher.我爸爸是律师，我妈妈是教师。She came into the room and (she) turned on the computer.她进了房间，打开了电脑。The news made me angry, but (the news made) John happy.这条消息使我生气，但却让约翰高兴。四、主从复合句中的省略1宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一名教师，也是一位优秀的作家。2表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。If so ( If it is so), you must go back and get it.如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。Look out for cars when crossing the street ( when you are crossing the street)过街时要当心车辆。1(福建高考改编)Anyone, once tested (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.3定语从句中的省略。若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。The car (which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。五、不定式的省略1并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略to。The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。2某些使役动词如make, let, have等和感官动词如see, watch, notice, observe等，后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。3不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have, be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have或be。Would you like to study English with me?你愿意和我一起学英语吗？Yes, Id like to (study English with you)是的，我非常愿意(和你一起学英语)。She has succeeded in the final examination, but in fact, she ought to have (succeeded in the final examination)她在期末考试中取得了成功，而实际上，她本就该获得成功。2(全国卷改编)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.(江苏高考改编)Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes to.4介词but, except (除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着看看(情况)。六、虚拟语气中的省略1虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were, had, should 提前，构成部分倒装。Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her. If you had come here yesterday, you would have met her.如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。2动词advise, suggest (建议), propose, demand, insist (坚持要求), require, command, recommend, order 等后的宾语从句及It is . that .主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。We insisted that they (should) go with us.我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.我们有必要多记一些单词。It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.有人建议我们去看这部电影。3(浙江高考改编)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam (should)_be (be) at the age of six months old.(福建高考改编)Teachers recommend parents not allow (allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.七、介词的省略1在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词：spend time/money (in) doing sth.; have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.; prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day.她每天花半小时读书。I have some trouble (in) learning English.我学英语有困难。What prevented him (from) going?什么事阻止了他去？4(上海高考改编)I had great difficulty finding (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.2表示时间的介词at, on和in用在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow 等词之前，一般可省略。We have a final exam (in) every term.每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。八、使用so, not 等的省略英语中，可以使用so, not 或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。Can I put my bike here?我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？Youd better not.你最好不要。Do you think our team will win?你认为我们队会赢吗？I think so.我认为是这样。5(全国卷改编)Everybody is going to climb the mountain.Can I go too, mom?Im afraid not. Wait till you are old enough, dear.句型转换1Do you think the fine weather will keep up?I dont believe the fine weather will keep up.(将答语进行转换)I dont_believe_so.2Will you waste your time and money on that?Certainly. I wont waste my time and money on that.(将答语进行转换)Certainly_not.3What do you like?I like going to the cinema.(将答语进行转换)Going_to_the_cinema.4If it is possible, come and see me next Friday.If_possible,_come and see me next Friday.5She hurriedly left the room as if she was angry.She hurriedly left the room as_if_angry.6Cold chicken is delicious when it is eaten with salad.Cold chicken is delicious when eaten_with_salad.完成句子1当被提供帮助时，人们常常说“谢谢”。When offered_help,_one often says “Thank you”2明天天气会比今天暖和吗？我希望是这样。Will it be warmer tomorrow than today?I hope_so.3她比预料的晚回来了三天。She came back three days later than_expected.4如果与她姐姐相比，苏珊更细心一些。If_compared_with her sister, Susan is more careful.5是什么事使得你那么生气啊？我的自行车丢了。What made you so angry?Losing_my_bike. 程 序 说 明 文流鼻血是人们在日常生活中经常遇到的小问题，请结合下面要点写一篇文章介绍对流鼻血应采取的措施。1流鼻血时，应采用坐位或站位，勿平躺，因为平躺后会使头部血压升高，更易出血。2可用拇指和食指捏住两侧鼻翼，暂时用嘴呼吸；同时在前额部敷上冷毛巾，一般按压1030分钟，出血即可止住。The nosebleed is a small accident that often happens in our daily life, so knowing how to stop it is very necessary.Now we are going to learn more about what we can do to stop a nosebleed.First of all, you should never lie down.Sit up or stand, or your nose will bleed worse because of the increasing blood pressure of your head.Next, pinch both sides of your nose together between your thumb and forefinger and breathe through your mouth.At the same time, put a cold towel on your forehead.Do this for 10 minutes to 30 minutes.第一段点明主题，介绍鼻子流血是一种生活中常见的小事故。第二段详细介绍应采取的措施。亮点一：巧妙运用多种复杂句式，如句中运用了定语从句和宾语从句；句中运用了宾语从句。亮点二：表示顺序的词的正确运用，如first of all, next, at the same time 等，使文章结构清晰，步骤层次分明，语段衔接自然流畅。程序说明文是说明文的重要形式之一，它主要用来告诉读者某种事物的演变过程、某一物品的制作过程或某一事情的实施过程。要写好一篇程序说明文，准确地传达想要传达的信息，在写作中要注意以下几点：1优化文章的结构：可采用“总分”“总分总”等结构以使文章层次分明、有条理。2准确把握事情发展或物品制作中的每一个进程、每一道工序，做到不颠倒、不跳跃、不遗漏。3选择合理的写作顺序：程序说明文通常以程序或时间先后为写作顺序，如上文就采用了时间顺序组织文章。4文章安排要详略得当：完成一件事情需要许多步骤，但其中一定有一个或几个关键步骤。我们应该对关键的步骤详写，其余的可以略写。5语言表达要准确、规范：程序说明文经常会用到许多专业性较强的词汇。在写作时要了解其实际含义并使用恰当的语言进行表达。1Today, the topic is .2When you find/see ., what should you do?3First, you can .4In addition/Then/Next/Also/At the same time, you must/should .5Last but not least, youd better .6More importantly, you should .7The last but most important step is .8In a word, as long as you .you can .中暑是很常见的一种疾病，严重者可能危及生命。请你根据图片内容并结合自己所了解的知识，写一篇介绍中暑以及如何对中暑患者进行急救的短文。词数：100左右。参考词汇：中暑heatstroke; 抬起elevate; 保持呼吸通畅maintain an open airway_参考范文：Heatstroke is an illness caused by being in great heat for too long. The most important characteristic of heatstroke is the high body temperature.Care should be centered on lowering the body temperature as quickly as possible. Failure to do this may result in death. The right first aid measures for heatstroke are as follows：First, have the victim lie down and elevate his or her feet. Be sure to maintain an open airway of the victim. Then, try to move the victim to a cool environment. After this, apply cold and wet towels to the victim and use a fan to lower his or her temperature. If possible, have the victim drink some water or something like that.The last but most important step is to transport the victim to the hospital in time.
展开阅读全文