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高中英语完型填空 近年来,高考试题中完型填空题义有了新的变化:试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽,缺少故事情节的文章增多,综合难度不断提高,特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用。它要求考生具有扎实的基础知识,同时还得具备灵活运用语言知识,逻辑思维能力以及与其他相关学科的基本常识相互整合的分析能力。“完形填空”题的短文一般是取自于一篇结构严谨的文章或独立成篇的短文,层次清楚,线索不复杂,用几个段落就可以集中地表达一个主题。阅读时首先确定短文的体裁,分清段落之间的层次关系,找准短文的主题,按主题线索合理推断文意,准确选择答案。1、 考纲解读(1)首句不设空,第一句往往是文章的主题句,是考生透视全文的一个窗口(2)题目把上下文语境理解放在第一位,语法和词汇放在第二位(3)词汇的考查面越来越宽,学生不太熟悉的词越来越多。词汇以实词为主虚词为辅。2、命题趋势第一、短文内容逻辑性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明。完形填空所给的短文一般是从交代背景(setting)开始,渐次推进,直至高潮(climax),而后结局( ending),环环相扣,条理十分清楚。第二、文体由单一向多样化转变。近几年文体出现了故事、新闻报道、应用文、夹叙夹议等文体,已经突破了单一的叙述文体。其考查的热点依次为:故事类、教育类、社会类、文化类、体育卫生类。第三、所选短文的英语语言略低于同等水平要求的阅读理解试题。第四、备选答案中的虚词常以连词为主。连词主要起的是篇章纽带作用,只有完整确切地理解了全文,才能选出最恰当的转换词。二、规律及技巧1、方法指津(1)略读全文,掌握大意 略读即快速地读,以了解文章内容、结构为目的。完形填空首先是测试理解能力,所有的题目只有在比较准确地理解短文意思,了解其文章结构和句子结构后,才能有把握去选填。很多考生在考试时为了节省时间,边读边选,但这样做是十分容易出错的。因为边读边选会一再打断阅读理解的整体连贯性,不易统览全文,理清文章的脉络。边读边选还很有可能造成断章取义,一空填错,后面都跟着填错。较好的办法还是先花1一2分钟把文章略读一下,注意:快读的目标是读懂,只快不懂或似懂非懂,走个过场,那只是浪费时间和精力。考生要根据文章内容和自己的情况,调整自己的阅读速度。略读之后,对文章的内容、结构及文章的主要线索,都要心中有数。完形填空短文的第一句通常不挖空。这是便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。第一句也常直接点明主题内容,是设置语境的框架性句子。通读全文时,不要拘泥于一词一义的理解。对个别不理解的单词、短语,只要不影响就可以不管它。2)瞻前顾后,谨慎选择 文意既明,就开始选择。完型填空的每个空格究竟该选哪个选择项才恰当,取决于以下几个方面:第一,语境。语境即上下文,它包括选择项与所在句子中的语意及所在句与周围语句的意义上的关系,所在句在本段中所起的作用,所在句在整篇短文所起的作用以及与交章内容主线的关系。有些选择项根据上下句就能比较容易做出正确判断,而有些选择项则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能推出。第二,语法知识。从语言环境角度筛选后,不能得出最终答案,还要从语法角度再考虑动词的形式,句子的结构形式等。第三,必要的常识。第四,注意同义词、近义词的细微区别和一些固定搭配。总之,判断正确答案要从多角度去考虑,把语境、语法、词法、常识、固定搭配等有机地结合起来综合考虑是做完型填空题的最佳方法。(3)复读全文,仔细检查 完成选择后,最好再用一两分钟将短文从头看一遍使这一遍阅读顺畅,建议考生第二步就把选择的词预填在空格中。阅读时,对感觉不恰当的,可尝试这样的解题步骤:第一步:纵观加联想。通读全文,掌握大意。在通读的过程中,通过前后联想,猜测空格词的意思,以达到掌握大意的目的。第二步:先易且定夺。对照选项再读全文。验证、修正原来的猜测,将有把握的答案确定下来。这时往往绝大多数小题都已解出。 第三步:攻难再复读。重点检查尚未解出的小题的前后句子,解出那些原来拿不准的少数题。第四步:反思并修正。将所选单词放入原文中。重读全文,看看有无逻辑上的问题,以期发现错误、改正错误。也就是说把每一个选项填入空白处从语法角度上可能都是正确的,关键在于特殊语境下的语义和语境对所填词汇的真正的含义的干扰。这就要求考生既要有准确辨析词义的能力,又要把握住填空的答题时间。在这段时间内,考生不仅要读完全文和选项,而且还要考虑各个选项的正误,必要时还要对上下文的语境进行辨别,对句子结构进行分析,对词义进行辨析,对隐含的主题进行推断,有的答案还要反复查读。由此可见,阅读速度的快慢会直接影响答题速度。完形填空解题步骤通览-试填-复核 1 通览-速度全文,把握大意 快速阅读一下全文,通过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。 2 试填-紧扣文意,瞻前顾后 先易后难,逐层深入。紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意词汇的意义、搭配,惯用法,语法,常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3 复核-全面检查,确保语意连贯,用词准确试填后,要把全文再通读一遍 ,注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。一:解题步骤(1)研读首句,启示全文(2)通览全文,抓准主旨 有的同学或是急于求成,总想“一步到位”,或是由于原文设计的空格所造成的理解障碍。担心通读文章不但抓不住大意反而浪费时间,未通览全文即边读边填,结果是就句论句,无法形成连贯的思路,或“见木不见林”,理解偏离文章的中心,欲速则不达。(3)细读全文,透析文意 有的同学在做完型填空题时,一看到一些自己比较熟悉的语法结构,如句子、短语等,便不加思索地去选,对特定的语境不去作深人的理解,导致“思维定势”的错误。(4)全面验证,理清逻辑 NMET完型填空所选文章都堪称精品,其逻辑必是上下贯通,无懈可击,其纹理脉络也必是自然有序,令人信服。因此,做完一篇完型填空以后,大家对文章的线索、脉络以及主旨、寓意等心里也应该有一种很“明朗”的感觉;如果做完以后,还是似懂非懂,犹如“雾里看花”那就证明你对文章的把握还有问题,还要复读全文,验证答案 。解题技巧(1)信息词直接推断法:根据空格语言信息的背景特点,从上下文中直接找出基本上相同的信息。(2)主旨推断法:利用通常不设空的首句或首节,推断全文的主旨,并在主旨的指引下展开合理的想象,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断,这样文章主旨就会逐渐显露直至豁然开朗。(3)逻辑推断法(4)语境词汇推断法(5)择优法(6)排除法二:注意的问题完型填空的教学还应注意以下几点:1)注意上下文的内在联系断章取义,就题论题,忽视上下文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。考生在做完型填空的过程中,应学会边读边在大脑中储藏上下文的信息。2)从词汇意义及用法的角度考虑NMET完型填空题中考查词汇意义及用法的题目逐年增多。做好这类题,必须有较大的词汇量,还应该能够结合上下文确定词义。3)从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑逻辑推理和生活常识是命题人经常考虑的一个考点。4)从惯用法和搭配的角度考虑用学生平日常见的固定搭配来干扰学生对具体语境的判定,利用定势思维来增强试题的诱惑性,是出题者的另一重要手段,千万不可忽略“小节”。5)注意英汉两种语言的差异,不能简单地互译出题者深知学生在英语学习过程中的弱点,往往从母语的角度设置干扰项来增加试题难度,考查学生的基本功和灵活运用能力,所以在平常的学习中,要逐渐培养自己的“语感”不要受母语的影响。6)发挥逻辑思维能力,挖掘文章寓意 近几年NMET完型填空大多为叙事性短文,内容贴近生活,易于理解,所以很容易给学生造成一种“假象”产生“轻敌”心理,有的同学做完一篇完型填空以后自我感觉不错,但一对答案错一大片,原因是这些同学仅仅种解了文章的表层含义,而忽略了其深层含义。事实上NMET完型填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意,具备深层探询的可能性,这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义,还要挖掘出文章的深层含义,做到“表里”一致。三: 完型填空解题误区(失分之处)(1)急于求成,慌忙答卷;(2)忽视具体语言环境而滥用固定搭配(3)句式结构分析不透(4)词义辨析不清(5 )逻辑关系分辨不清(6 )缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解中西文化的差异。 (7) 忽视行文逻辑,断章取义,就题论题。4、 完型填空备考建议1、强化记忆高考说明中所要求的单词和短语,对于同义、 近义词及短语要注意细心体会其细微差别。2、多读一些英语原文,培养自己的英语素养,阅读体裁力求多样,内容丰富。3、做典型题,研究高考题,体会解题方法与技巧,并且在大题量训练中实际运用,提高自己的解题能力。4、春节过后要进行完型填空的板块练习和限时练习。5、选完型填空题的材料时,要注意考点、设空的设计。6、讲解完型填空题的方法建议:五:教学建议:(1)学生讨论交换意见;(2)对答案;(3)再讨论,学生讲解;(4)教师点拨讲解,总结规律;(5)学生朗读,体会文意、语境、上下文的连贯性等;(6)过一段时间,要求学生复习做过的经典完型填空题。 1、题型特点 (1)完形填空是一种测试学生的外语语言知识以及运用这种语言的综合能力的试题。(2) 通常从一篇词数250左右、难度略低于教材上课文的文章中设空格 (3)考点层次从小到大分为四类:单词层次,词组层次,句子层次与语篇层次。(4)选项中的干扰项设置与语法结构错误无关,重在文意的干扰。2、试题要求(1)巩固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语知识。(2)文章阅读能力和技巧,特别是快速阅读理解能力,甚至是跳过一些词语的能力。(3)扎实的英语词组、短语,惯用法等固定搭配的知识,词语意义和词法的辨析能力。特别是以动词为 中心的词组。(4)逻辑思维能力,特别是理解文章的整体内容、主题思想的能力和推理判断的能力。(5)根据试题捕捉相关信息能力。 分析认识文章结构,理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系。 只有明白文章结构,了解各段落之间的关系,才能加深对文章的理解。明白了各部分是如何为表现主题思想服务的,也就更容易把握带空的句子所需要的是什么内容,因此就更容易选准答案了。这要求考生具有扎实的英语词组、短语、习惯用法等英语搭配的知识,这对于理解文章的逻辑关系特别有利。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。 表示列举的连词:first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude 表示原因的连词:because, since, as, now that 表示结果的连词:so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 表示让步和转折的连词:however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever 表示对照的连词:on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely 表示补充的连词:also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also 表示时间顺序的连词:when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once 表示目的的连词:that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that 表示条件的连词:if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that) 英语完形填空解题技能1.根据语义复现解题2.根据固定搭配、词语辨析解题3.根据逻辑推理解题4.根据生活常识解题 解题技能(1)根据语义复现解题 围绕一个话题论述,因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则,某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章,因此,在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。 1.同词复现 2.同义复现 3.反义复现 4.同根词复现 5.结构复现 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词。这些词可能是原词、同根词、同义词、近义词、反义词的复现。一、同词复现例1Most people believe they dont have much imagination. They arewrong. Everyone has _, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how tomake use of it. A. creativity B. memoryC. imagination D. limitation解析前句说:“多数人认为他们自己没有想象力。他们的这种观点是错误的。”承前逻辑,“(事实上)每个人都有想象力,只是”,故选C。二、同义复现 例2 There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended 27 . A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods解析前句说“避免这类的事发生有许多方法(ways)”,冒号后的解释,“在小孩睡觉时在其头上悬挂一把刀,或者用其父亲的裤子盖着他,就是其中值得推荐的两种_”,承前逻辑,自然是其中的两种“方法”,与ways同义的是methods,故选D。三、结构复现 例3 Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药) . “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular 解析 Alfred Nobel引导定语从句的who指代的就是Alfred Nobel,两句是相似的,且两句的后部分的内容各为“发明了炸药”与“找到了更快的杀人方式”,可以想象,两者的意义何等接近!可见,与“变成百万富翁”对应的应当是“变成富裕”,故选C。Exercise:1.Though he is serious in appearance, he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever, sometimes even _ and gay A. worried B. bright C. discouraging D. friendly解析从Often he is clever来看,此处话题谈论的是“他的智慧/聪明”,而even一词也暗示此处应填bright,因bright与clever为同义词,均为“聪明”。2.As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad _ me. A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised 解析句中的 in the same way 告诉我们,空格处所填动词应与前面的动词 bring up(培养,养育)同义,比较四个选项,答案显然是 D项。 解题技能(2).根据固定搭配、词语辨析解题1.动词与介词的搭配 2.动词与其宾语的搭配 3.句式结构上的搭配和习语搭配等根据动词与其后介词的搭配关系来选择一个恰当的动词。一、动介搭配例1 On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper _ his brother for him and (2009年广东高考21题)A. found B. misunderstoodC. mistook D. judged 解析能与“A for B”搭配的在四个选项中只有选项C, mistake X for Y 意为“误以为X是Y”,故选C。二、动宾搭配:根据动词与其宾语是否可以搭配、在意义上是否符合逻辑或常识来确定选用哪个动词。例2 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to _ the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who (2009年广东高考28题)A. establish B. form C. develop D. promote解析在不定式短语中,宾语是“诺贝尔奖”,动词该用哪一个?设立?形成?发展?促进?根据常识,能与“奖项”搭配的,在这四个选项中只有“设立”,故选A。三、句式搭配:根据句式或句型的搭配来确定填哪一个词。 例3 The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to your memory better. A. make B. turn C. 1et D. change解析在四个选项中,能接“宾语+形容词作宾补”的只有选面A,make your memory better意为“使你的记忆力变得更好”,故选A。例5 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great _ to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions解析 四个选项都可构成习语搭配:make additions to 给增加 make sacrifices to 对做出牺牲make changes to对作修改 make contributions to 对作贡献但根据句意和常识,奖项应当奖给那些为和平、文学和科学“作出贡献”的人,故选D。四、习语搭配1. Dance can be art, ritual(仪式;礼制), or recreation(娱乐). It goes beyond the functional purposes of the movement used in work or athletics in order to express emotions, moods, or ideas; tell a story; 22 religious, political, economic, or social needs; A. doB. haveC. performD. serve即时练习1. D。与宾语need搭配,表示“满足需要”,选项中只有动词serve,故选D。2. It was a beautiful letter, but there was no way, except for the name Michael, to identify the owner. Maybe if I called the information center, the operator could find a phone listing for the address on the envelope. Actually, I took great_ to find both Hannah and Michael, who still remained single.A. pains B. risks C. actions D. cautions2. A。因表示“煞费苦心做某事”是take great pains to do sth,故选A。另外,take risks to do sth“冒险做某事”,take actions to do sth“采取行动做某事”不合语境。3. Participating workplaces let employees (员工;雇员)wear jeans (牛仔裤)on October 5 for a $5 donation. “Its a real way for everyone to feel like theyre making a _,” says the Emmy-winning actress.A. difference B. decision C. friend D. profit3. A。make a difference 意为“有影响,起作用”。根据上文:Hargitay发起一个为乳腺癌研究募款的项目,即通过上班穿牛仔裤的员工捐款5元钱。她认为这是一个让每个人感觉在起作用,出一份力的有效途径。4. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be 25 financially for its use. A. rewarded B. praised C. awarded D. punished4. A。“reward for sth./doing sth.”即“为(做)某事而报答”,“award sb. sth./sth. to sb.”即“授予某人某物”,可知A项正确。5. On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and carried an article _ the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead.” the article read. A. introducing B. announcingC. implyingD. advertising5. B。由常识可知,报社应是“发布”消息;根据动宾关系,能与宾语“阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔死亡的消息”搭配的也应当是“发布”,而不是“介绍”“暗示”“给做广告”,故选B,announce (give information about)。 解题技能(3) 根据上下文信息推理1.根据上文信息推理例1On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” Nobel was _ to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction. A. upset B. anxious C. excited D. pleased解析前面讲报道中的两件事:一是报社误以为诺贝尔是他的兄弟死了,二是说他是靠发现更快的杀人方式发财。根据生活常识,作为诺贝尔本人,看到这篇报道,不可能感到“渴望(anxious)”“兴奋(excited)”或“高兴(pleased)”,而应当是“不高兴(upset)”,故选A。本句大意:诺贝尔感到不快,不是因为报社误解他死了,而是在他死后被认为是一个靠制造死亡和毁灭而赚钱的人。2.根据下文信息推理例2 Not all of these fairies are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are_ and cause much human suffering.A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary 解析根据空格后面的信息 “and cause much human suffering(会造成人类的痛苦)” 可以推断出,“在某些民间故事中,仙女是残酷的”,故选B )。 解题技能(4)根据文化背景和生活常识解题 完形填空试题的阅读材料常以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息,其间渗透着各种相关的常识,从人文科学到历史、地理知识等。我们在做题时,要积极地调动自己所掌握的文化背景和生活常识,注意中西文化的差异,并巧妙地运用文化背景和生活常识,从而大大的简化分析与判断过程。1).I was a single parent of four small children, working at a low-paid job. Money was always tight, but we had a 36 over our heads, food on the table , clothes on our backs ,and if not a lot, always 37 36. A. roof B. hat C. sky D. star37. A. little B. less C. enough D. more 解题技能(5)巧用线索法解题 所谓线索法,指的是根据文章上下文所提供的故事背景和语境线索进行推理和判断,从而确定最佳答案。具体说来有以下几种行之有效的方法。1因果关系 2.类属关系 3.相对关系 4.同类关系分析认识文章结构,理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系 并列关系: and, or转折关系: but, however, nevertheless, whereas, while让步关系: although, though, despite, in spite of因果关系: due to, owing to, thanks to, because of because, since, as, for so, therefore, thus, as a result条件关系: if, whether unless = if . not, provided that, providing that suppose that, supposing that解释关系: for example, for instance, in other words, that is to say顺序关系: before, after, first, second, then, next, finally1巧用因果关系线索解题例1 These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale and has changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents. 23. A. sick B. slim C. short D. small解析 选项中 只有ill才与pale 有相关性(因果关系),即因为“生病”,所以脸色才会“苍白”,故选A。2.巧用同类关系线索解题例2Edgar Allan Poe, whose life was short and seemingly unhappy, wrote stories and poems of mystery and 22 insanity(疯狂) and death. 22. A. happiness B. scienceC. societyD. terror解析因为只有terror(恐怖)才与mystery(神秘)、insanity(疯狂)和death(死亡)是表示同类意义的名词,而不可能是与“happiness(幸福)”“science(科学)”或“society(社会)”并列,故选D。3.巧用类属关系线索解题例3Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern detective fiction, stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other 27 27. A. accidentsB. crimesC. eventsD. incidents 解析因为“murder(凶杀)”是各种“crimes(犯罪)”行为中的一种,所以与“murder(凶杀)”并列应是“其他各种犯罪行为”,故选B。Every student must wear their _1_ when they are at school. There are _2_ items of uniforms: suits, dresses, shorts, skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags, caps and socks. 1. A. long hair B. thick glassesC. sports shoes D. school uniforms 2. A. much B. three C. many D. a lot 解析1. 选D.本段谈论的是在校生穿校服的事情,而不是穿运动鞋,蓄长发、戴墨镜并不是学校所提倡的。 2. 选C.suits, dresses, shorts, skirts and T-shirts等是服装的个例,前面只有填“校服”才与之相配。 4.巧用相对关系线索解题例4 When Christ was born nearly two thousandyearsago, many people, rich and _, gave him presents.A. illB. healthyC. poorD. tall解析因为由句意可知,应当是指“耶稣出生时,许多人,无论贫富,都给他礼物”,故选择与rich相对意义的poor,即选C。5.巧用语意转折线索解题有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语,如but, though, although, instead, however, on the contrary, otherwise等,我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题。有时也可能没有这些词语的出现。如: A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters are written to businesses, schools or government offices. Informal letters are for relatives, or former(以前的) teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand,but you should _3_ a formal letter. 3. A. copy B. type C. write D. Share 6. 巧用语篇标志线索解题 语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词语可称为语篇标志。如:表示结果层次的语篇标志语有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示逻辑关系的有thus, therefore, so等;表示改变话题的有by the way等;表示时间关系的有before, so far, yet, now, later等。在做完形填空题时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系。如: First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching_, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore解析选B.考生如果注意到了文章上下文中的语篇标志词语first of all 和 finally,再比较四个选项,显然只有选secondly 最恰当。7.巧用逻辑顺序线索解题 即根据文章所提供的内容,同时结合一定的生活常识,对所推断的内容进行逻辑推理和逻辑顺序。如: I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large, old school It has three branch campuses(分校): Clunes, Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school, a _2_ school and a senior school. So there are twelve grades of studdents studying there. 2. A. night B. junior C. high D. spare-time2. 选B.从空缺处所在的位置来看,界于primary和senior之间的学校当然属于junior.这就是说是顺序推测出来的。Exercise:Nobel was upset to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from _and destruction. A. death B. disease C. trouble D. attack1. A。与destruction (毁灭)并列应当是death(死亡),故选A。即时练习2. The poverty(贫困) wasworse than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many_and cried. (2009年浙江28题)A gave up B. broke down C. set off D. held on 2. B。与cried(哭)并列应当是break down(情绪失控),故选B。3. Its not easy being a teenager nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or _ by what you say without realizing it yourself. A. dismissedB. misunderstoodC. misledD. satisfied3. B。与angry (生气)和hurt (伤害)意义相关的应当是misunderstood(误解),故选B。4. my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see - the strange and _ places I had known only from books and pictures.A. unfrequented B. remote C. different D. magical4. D。与strange(陌生的)并列应当是magical(神奇的),故选D。5. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is _ and important for all students.A. beneficialB. availableC. expensiveD. powerful5. A。与important(重要的)并列,且符合语境的,应当是beneficial(有益的),句意为:“音乐教育对所有学生来说,是有益的,也是重要的。”巧解完形填空高分技巧一、研究首尾找主题二、上下联系寻信息三、左顾右盼找搭配四、思前想后觅逻辑五、语境分析辨词义六、集中精力破难题七、回读检查补漏洞备战完形填空能力必备一、快速阅读能力二、词汇辨析能力三、词汇搭配的理解能力四、逻辑推断能力五、运用常识能力六、揣测作者意图的能力如何提高能力技巧一、提高阅读能力(速度、理解)二、打好语法基础 (固定搭配)三、扩充词汇量(动词、名词)四、增长生活常识,培养广泛的兴趣爱好五、多做多练,以提高实战能力 教学设计 - 高考完型填空解题策略训练教学时间:40分钟教学内容:高考完型填空解题策略指导与训练学生情况分析: 学生目前已经完成一轮一到八模块基础语言知识和主要语法项目的复习,转入专项题型训练阶段。从过往的情况来看,完型填空题的正确率是不太理想的,原因主要在于两个方面:一是词汇搭配和语义辨析不过关,遗忘率较高;二是没有根据题型特点运用适当的解题策略,往往由于脱离上下文,偏离主线而出错。前者要在下一轮的复习中继续巩固积累;后者则需要进行有效策略的指导,这正是本节课的目标定位,让学生学会充分利用篇章,句子,词汇提供的信息命中正确选项。同时在前一轮的复习中发现教师讲,教学材料分析:本节课选编的材料分为三个部分,第一部分是按照所用技巧分类的练习,让学生集中训练三种技巧,全部节选自历届高考题;第二部分是一篇完型填空的文章部分,选项部分放在第三部分;三个部分依此发给学生,让学生顺着教师的指引进行训练。教学目标设置:本节课是针对高考题型完型填空的专题训练课,目的在于帮助学生形成正确清晰的解题思路,掌握有效的技巧,从而增强备考的信心,并明确今后努力的方向。在教学策略上贯彻“在做中学,学中做”的教学策略,让学生在课堂上通过亲身体验各种解题技巧形成自己的策略,得到思维的锻炼。具体目标设定如下:1了解完型填空的题型特点,掌握简单有效的技巧和正确的解题步骤,提高答题正确率;其中重点是各种技巧在实践中的熟练运用; 2.通过大量的训练实践引导学生观察,归纳,思考,运用,帮助他们熟练进而内化并能运用有效的解题策略,锻炼思维及实操能力。教学方式:归纳法;演绎法;观察法;自主学习与合作学习的方法等教学过程设计序号教 学 内 容教 学 目 的1独立完成分类完型填空练习本环节的训练涉及到不同技巧的运用,目的在于让学生以分类的形式接触不同类型的设问方式,从而自我反思,归纳出相应的技巧策略2小组讨论答案及选择的理由学生通过与同伴的交流,对照彼此的观点,有助于开阔思路,从而调整或肯定自己的想法3师生共同归纳其中的技巧教师参与交流,引导学生更深刻地领会各种技巧对答题的帮助4整篇完型填空练习学生可以亲自验证以上技巧在整篇练习中的有效性;同时在本环节还会引导学生按一定的步骤完成任务,鼓励他们在今后的学习中多尝试对照不同策略解题的有效性,从而形成适合自己的策略5只给出文章部分,学生快速阅读,把握主旨完型填空所涉及的是一系列与上下文相联系的设空,所以对于文章整体内容的理解和对作者写作意图的把握对于正确答案的获取非常关键;如果在不了解文章主旨的情况下即作出选择是较容易偏离方向而导致错误的出现;所以在这一步,学生无法看到选项,目的是让他们调整策略,养成先抓住主线的习惯6仔细阅读首句和末句,并结合所有已知信息确定主题及作者意图首句往往有开篇明意的作用,而末句往往是文章的小结或挑明作者的意图,首尾相连,可以进一步确定文章的主线和作者的意图,为下一步的选择做好理解上的充分准备7给出选项,认真推敲确定答案通过对文章的理解,技巧的运用,作出选择;学生在做的过程中
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