牛津8B Unit 2重点词汇解析

牛津8B Unit 2重点词汇解析江苏 李建高1. for example / such as【辨析】从结构上看，for example与后面常用逗号隔开，而such as则不用。从用法上看，for example是举例说明，所举的例子一般是同类人或物中的“一个”，作为插入语，也可以是句子。而such as中由于as是介词，后面接名词或名词性短语，往往是同类人或物中的几个。从位置上来说，for example的位置较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末。而such as只能位于名词或名词性短语的前面。如：For example, twice two is equal to four. 例如，二加二等于四。Many great people, for example, Lincoln, have risen from poverty.= Many great people have risen from poverty, Lincoln, for example. 许多伟人从贫苦中崛起，如林肯。Sally likes fruits very much, such as apples, oranges and strawberries. 萨莉非常喜欢水果，例如苹果、橘子和草莓。【练一练】用for example或such as填空。 I like most ball games, _ football, basketball, volleyball, and so on. Noise, _, is a kind of pollution.2. exciting / excited / excitement【辨析】三个词都是由动词excite派生出来的。excited和exciting是形容词，前者意为“激动的，兴奋的”，一般用人作主语，后者意为“使人激动的，令人兴奋的”，一般以物作主语。excitement为名词，意为“激动，兴奋”。如：The children were excited about visiting the Science Museum. 参观科技博物馆使孩子们很激动。It is the most exciting football match that I have ever watched. 它是我曾经看过的最使人激动的足球比赛。The old man told us about his past with excitement. 那个老人激动地告诉我们关于他的过去。【练一练】用excited, exciting或excitement填空。 How _ it is to enjoy the beautiful view of the country! The good news brought us great _. The _ people cheered up when the stars appeared on the stage(舞台).3. harm【解析】harm作不可数名词，意为“伤害”。do harm to sb. / sth. 表示“对造成伤害”。harm也可作动词，意为“伤害；损害”。如：Reading in bed will do harm to your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。Hot water will harm the plants. 热水会伤害植物。harm的形容词形式为harmful (有害的)，其反义词是harmless (无害的)，可构成短语be harmful / harmless to sb. / sth. (对有害 / 无害)。如：Fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth. 果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。These insects are harmless to the crops. 这些昆虫对农作物无害。【练一练】根据提示，完成下列各题。 Too much rain is _ to crops. A. harmB. harmless C. harmfulD. harmfully 吸烟对你的健康危害很大。 Smoking _ great _ _ your health.4. mean / meaning / meaningful / meaningless【辨析】mean是动词，意为“意味着；意思是”，常在句中作谓语；meaning是名词，意为“意义；意思”，常在句中作宾语或表语；meaningful是形容词，意为“有意义的”，常在句中作定语和表语；meaningless也是形容词，意为“无意义的”，与meaningful互为反义词，常在句中作定语和表语。如：What does the word mean? 这个词是什么意思？I dont understand the meaning of that paragraph. 我不能理解那段话的意思。Reading the story to the baby is meaningful, though the story itself is meaningless. 虽然这个故事本身没什么意义，但给婴儿读这个故事是有意义的。【练一练】用mean的正确形式完成句子。 What is the _ of this word? Do you _ that you are interested in Maths? Copying(抄) these words is _. Lets stop doing it. I think the article is very _, and Im fond of it.5. experience【解析】experience作可数名词，意思是“经历”；作不可数名词，意思是“经验”。如：Our journey by camel was quite a fantastic experience. 我们骑骆驼旅行是一次非常奇妙的经历。He wrote his book from his own experiences. 他以个人经历写成了这本书。Have you had any experience in teaching English? 你有教英语的经验吗？experience还可作动词，意为“经历；体验”等。如：The Red Army experienced all kinds of difficulties. 红军经历了各种困难。We have all experienced what hardships mean. 我们都亲身体验过艰苦二字的意义。【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。 对他来说，这次地震是一次非常难忘的经历。 The earthquake is quite _ _ _ for him. 我从没经历过在雨中漫步。 I _ never _ _ walking in the rain.6. programme【解析】programme可用作名词或动词。用作名词时，意为“节目；(演出或活动)程序；计划”等。如：Did you see that programme about India last night? 昨晚你看了关于印度的那个节目了吗？What is your programme for today? 今天你有些什么计划？【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。今晚电视上会有一个有趣的节目。There will be _ _ _ on the television tonight.7. abroad【解析】abroad常作副词，放在动词的后面，意为“到国外，在国外”。at home and abroad表示“在国内外”。如：Are you going abroad for your holiday? 你打算去国外度假吗？My uncle has been living abroad for more than ten years. 我的叔叔在国外住了十几年了。The Chinese Kung Fu is popular both at home and abroad. 中国功夫在国内外都很流行。abroad还可作名词，意为“异国；海外”，多与介词from连用。如：They have just returned from abroad. 他们刚从国外回来。【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。玛丽下个月将要出国留学。Mary will _ _ next month.8. check【解析】check作动词，意为“核实，查明”。check in表示“(在旅馆、机场等) 登记；报到”；check out表示“结账离开”；check up on表示“查证，核实”。如：Please check it and sign here. 请核对一下，在这里签个字。You must check in an hour before the plane leaves. 你必须在飞机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。Guests should check out of their rooms by noon. 客人必须在中午以前办理退房手续。I need to check up on a few things before I decide. 在做决定前，我得核实几件事情。check也可作名词，意思是“检查”。如：Could you give the tyres a check? 你能检查一下轮胎吗？【练一练】根据提示，完成句子。 After enjoying the delicious dinner, we _ from the restaurant. A. checked in B. checked out C. check up on D. have checked out 我已经核对了你的答案，全部正确。 I _ _ your answers and all of them are correct.牛津8B Unit 2重点词语解析1. such as for example 2. exciting excitement excited 3. C does; harm to 4. meaning mean meaningless meaningful 5. an unforgettable experience have; experienced of 6. an interesting programme 7. study abroad 8. B have checked3