资源描述
第第6 6讲讲 介词介词 翻译下列句子,指出介词在用法上的特点翻译下列句子,指出介词在用法上的特点 1. Skirts this year reach just below the knees. 2. At any time, we should believe in ourselves.1什么是介词?什么是介词? 今年的裙子刚及膝盖下面。介词后接名词。 无论什么时候,我们都应该自信。介词后接代词。 3. Since you insist on going alone, just do it.1 既然你坚持单独去,就去吧。介词后接动名词。 1 介词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类作它的宾语。 指出下列各组介词在构成上的特点指出下列各组介词在构成上的特点 1. about, above, across, after, against, along 2. according to, ahead of, along with, apart from, with a view to, with regard to2什么是简单介词,复杂介词与双重介词?什么是简单介词,复杂介词与双重介词? 第1组介词由一个单词构成。 第2组介词由两个或两个以上单词构成。 3. from among, from behind, from below, from under, from within, until after2 第3组介词由两个介词构成。 2 1由一个单词构成的介词,叫作简单介词。 2由两个或两个以上单词构成的介词,叫作复杂介词。 3由两个介词构成的介词,叫作双重介词。 指出介词短语在句中充当的成分指出介词短语在句中充当的成分 1. He is a writer of_promise. 他是一个有前途的作家。2. The book is out_of_print. 此书已绝版。3介词短语在句中充当什么成分?介词短语在句中充当什么成分?定语表语 3. The umbrella was eventually found behind_the_door. 雨伞最终在门后面找到。 4. Keeping everything in_good_order takes energy. 把一切弄得井然有序很花精力。 3主补宾补 5. Thoughts are expressed by_means_of_words. 思想通过语言来表达。 6. To_my_delight,_he has recovered. 使我高兴的是,他已经康复。3状语独立成分(插入语)3 介词短语/词组在句中作定语,表语,状语,(主/宾)补语,或独立成分。 在句中空格上填上适当的介词,并总结其用法规律 1. What will happen _ the 22nd century?2 . T h e s t o r y o f T h e L o n g M a r c h t o o k place_ the 1930s. 3. A terrible disturbance broke out _ 1989. 4. Generally, fishing is forbidden _ Spring.4常见表示时间的介词有哪些?常见表示时间的介词有哪些?in in in in 5. Mothers Day falls _the second Sunday of May. 6. _ those old days, farmers led a miserable life. 7. I received a card posted from the UK _Christmas. 8. Reading English aloud _ the morning helps improve our English study. 9. The theft happened_ noon, when all the workers were sleeping. 4Inon atinat 10. Did you witness the traffic accident _ a rainy morning? 11. Traffic jams are quite usual _ Friday afternoon. 1 2 . T h e C i t y L i b r a r y o p e n e d _eight_the morning_ this week. 13. Days _ Monday_ Friday are called weekdays. 4 onon at infrom 不填to 14. It is said that the railway will be put into use _ three months. 15. WW began in 1939 and _ 6 years it came to an end. 16. You may go to have breakfast _6 oclock _ 8 oclock. 17. She is always talking _lunch time. 18. You plane leaves at 10 and you should get your package ready _8 oclock. 4 after in between and during/at by 19. I didnt go to sleep _ deep into the night. 20. China has experienced great changes _ liberation.4since until 4可以连接时间的介词十分繁多。1在某个世纪用介词in2. 在某个年代用介词in3. 在某一年用介词in4在某个季节用介词in5在某一天用介词on6在某些日子里(复数)用介词in4 7在圣诞节用介词at,但注意:on Christmas Day。 8在笼统的上午,下午,晚上用介词in 9在一天的某个特定部分(dawn,sunrise,daybreak,noon,sunset,night)用at,此时名词前无修饰词。 10. 在一天的某个部分前有形容词修饰时用介词on 11. 在具体某天的某个部分用介词on4 12. 在某时刻用介词at,时间名词前有this,that,next,last修饰时,介词省略。 13. 表示时间起止用fromto 14以现在为起点,过多久以后用介词 in 15. 以过去为起点,过多久以后用介词after 16. 在之间用介词betweenand 17. 在期间用介词during 18. 到什么时候为止用介词by4 19. 直到什么时间用until 20从过去时间点到现在用介词since 根据汉语提示,填写正确的介词根据汉语提示,填写正确的介词1. _在某地点(表示比较小的地方) 2. _在某地(表示比较大的地方)3. _ the farm在农场 4. _ 在上面(有接触面) 5. _在上方 6. _在正上方 7. _在正下方,在以下5表示地点,方向表示地点,方向/ /方位的介词有哪些?方位的介词有哪些?atinonona b o v eo v e r under 58. _在下方(不一定是正下方) 9. _在的旁边(比near的距离要近) 10. _在两者之间 11. _在两者以上之间12. _环绕,在的周围,在的四周 13. _在对面14. _在后边 15. _在之内(表示静态)16. _进入 belowby betweenamongaround/aboutoppositebehindininto517. _从出来 18. _沿着 19. _横过(平面物体) 20. _贯通,通过 21. _去/朝 22. _从地点起 23. _在的前面 24. _在的前部 25. _ 在中部 out of along across through to / for/toward from in front of in the front of in the middle of526. _ 在中心 27. _在腹地 28. _在的脚下 29. _ 在的底端 30. _ 在的后部 31. _ 在的顶部 32. _超出(范围),在较远的一边 33. _越过 34. _靠近 in/at the center of in the heart of at the foot of at the bottom of at the back of at/on the top of beyond over near/ next to5 表示地点、方向/方位的介词,数量繁多(如上所述),学习时要注意其用法区别。 在句中空格上填上适当的介词,并总结其用法规律1 . T h e s o l d i e r w a s s e v e r e l y p u n i s h e d _having disobeyed the order. 这个士兵因违背命令受到了严厉处罚。 2. The old man died_ hunger on a cold night. 那位老人饿死在一个寒冷的晚上。6表示原因的介词有哪些?表示原因的介词有哪些?for of 3. The little girls hands turned red_ cold. 小女孩的手冻红了。 4. A number of smokers died _ lung cancer. 许多吸烟者死于肺癌。5. The pupil didnt go to school _ _ his illness. 这个学生因病未去上学。6. He did it totally _ _ kindness, not for the money.6 with of/from of out of because 6表示原因的介词主要有:1. for,用于常见结构:thank sb. for (doing) sth. praise sb. for (doing) sth. reward sb. for (doing) sth. scold sb. for (doing) sth. punish sb. for (doing) sth. criticize sb. for (doing) sth. 6 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. charge sb. some money for (doing) sth. 2. of/from, 用于常见结构: die of;die from;be tired of;be tired from; suffer from 3. with, 用于常见结构:be pleased with;be bored with;be satisfied with;be angry with; with anger; with cold 6 4because of,同义表达有:on account of; as a result of; due to; owing to; thanks to 5. out of,接抽象名词,有“出于”之意。 翻译下列句子,指出画线介词或介词短语的用法翻译下列句子,指出画线介词或介词短语的用法1. Most of the time, we communicate each other by email.7表示方式的介词有哪些表示方式的介词有哪些? 大多数时间我们通过电子邮件相互联系。by 常接交通工具,通讯工具,此时名词用单数且其前无修饰词。如:by plane,by bus, by radio, by telephone,by hand等。也可接动名词,表方式。 2. Please fill in the form in pen.7 请用钢笔字体填表。in后接抽象名词,通常表 “ 用 字 体 ” , “ 用 语 言 ” ,“用颜色”等,如:in blue ink, in English, in ballpoint(in ballpoint意为“用圆珠笔字体”,with a ballpoint意为“用圆珠笔”),表示用何种字体时,书写工具名词用单数且其前无修饰词。 3. Man creates lots of things with his hands.7 人类用双手创造出许多东西。 with 常接表达具体工具的词,如: with a pen, with a hammer有时也可接语言,如:with your own words(用自己的话)。 4. You shall give me a reply in_the_form_of letter.7 你得以书信形式回复我。in the form of 表“以何种形式”。 5. People from different cultures can even understand each other by_means_of gestures.7 不同文化背景的人们甚至可以通过手势达成理解。 by means of 表“以何种方式”。 6. Its quite strange that the worker trapped underground should have survived on a piece of bread.7 困在地下的那个工人竟然靠一片面包活了下来,实在不可思议。on 表“凭借、依靠”,又如:live on grass (靠草为生)。 7. Only through practice can we gain useful knowledge.7 只有通过实践才能获得有用的知识。 through 强调“经历、经过”。 8. In order not to be seen by the teacher, she went out of the classroom on tiptoe.7 为了不让老师发现,她蹑手蹑脚走出了教室。on 表特殊行走,交通方式,仅限于on foot,on tiptoe, on horseback(骑马)等用法中。7 表示方式的介词有by,in,with,on, in the form of, by means of,through等。 翻译下列句子,并指出翻译下列句子,并指出for在各句中的含义在各句中的含义 1. We have to send in the plan for approval. 2. Father bought a new bicycle for me as a birthday gift. 8学习介词应重点注意什么学习介词应重点注意什么? 这计划我们得送上去批。for意为“得到”。 父亲给我买了辆新自行车作生日礼物。for意为“给”。 3. Thank you for your warm hospitality. 4. Take this medicine. Its good for you. 5. This library is for teachers only.8 谢谢您的盛情款待。for表“原因”。 把这药吃了,它对你有好处。for意为“对而言”。 这个图书馆为老师专用。for意为“供用”。 6. I and my brother have quarreled for ages, which makes me frustrated. 7. Where are you heading for? 8. Im for the slogan,“Fear neither hardship nor death.”8 我和我兄弟吵了很久了,我感到很失意。for表“时间持续”。 你去哪儿?for表“去向”。 我赞成这样的口号,叫作“一不怕苦,二不怕死”。for表“赞成”。 9. What shall we have for lunch? 10. How much did you pay for it? 8 我们中餐吃什么?for意为“作为”。你买这东西花了多少钱?for表“交换关系”。 8 介词是词语“一词多义”用法的典型代表。在学习时要掌握好具体语境下介词的确切含义及固定短语的搭配。 改正下列句子中的错误改正下列句子中的错误1. Please give me a pen to write.2. Everybody hates being laughed.9哪些情况下介词可以出现在句末哪些情况下介词可以出现在句末?句末加with 句末加at 3. He is the last man Id like to make friends. 4. What is he working hard?9 句末加with句末加at9 一般情况介词不能单独使用,即其后必须接宾语。但在下列情况下因宾语前置,出现介词形式上单独使用的现象:不及物动词不定式作定语;介词的宾语用于被动语态作主语;介词关系代词的定语从句中介词不提前时;就介词的宾语提问。 10含介词含介词to的短语有哪些?的短语有哪些? 用括号中的词的适当形式完成句子用括号中的词的适当形式完成句子1. When come to _(repair) electric devices, my friend is an expert. 2. We have come to_ (realize) the importance of selfprotection. 3. Wood can be used to _(make) fire. 4. Having lived in Hunan Province for ten years,Ive been used to_(eat) hot food.repairingrealizemakeeating 遇到含有to的短语,要弄清楚to是不定式符号还是介词。如果to是介词,宜用动名词作宾语,如to为不定式符号,其后用原形。常见含介词to的短语为: be/get/become used to (习惯于) be related to(和有联系) be addicted to(沉溺于;对上瘾) be opposed to (反对) devote oneself to /be devoted to(献身于)10 be admitted to(被录取, 准进入) be reduced to(沦为)/reduceto (使沦为) be attached to(附属于,爱慕,爱恋,敬仰) adjust oneself(使适应)to / be adjusted to (适应)/adjust to适应 be adapted to(适应)/adapt oneself to 适应 be known to(为所知)10 be married to(和结婚) be sentenced to(被判处) be connected to(和连在一起) be exposed to (暴露于/遭受/接触) be compared to(被比喻成)/compare to(把比成) be/become /get accustomed to(习惯于,有习惯) /accustom oneself to(使习惯于)10 be engaged to(和订婚) get down to(着手做) lead to (导致) object to (反对) put ones mind to(全神贯注于) look forward to(盼望) pay attention to(注意) stick to(坚持)10 attend to (处理,照料) see to (负责) contribute to(对作贡献) make contributions to(对作贡献) apply oneself to(致力于) come close to(几乎,将近) reply to (回答) add to (增加)1010 add up to(加起来) in addition to除之外(还) turn to(转向,求助于) look up to(向上看,尊敬) belong to(属于) take to(喜爱,开始) respond to(回答) 11介词的宾语有哪些?介词的宾语有哪些? 翻译下列句子,指出介词宾语的类型翻译下列句子,指出介词宾语的类型 1. Now he seems like a church mouse. 2. He takes pride in himself. 现在他看来一贫如洗。名词(短语)a church mouse 作介词 like的宾语。 他以自己为骄傲。代词himself作介词in的宾语。 3. He is good at telling stories. 4. We cant regard the matter as settled. 5. He was not satisfied with what she said. 他善于讲故事。动名词(短语)telling stories作介词at的宾语。 我们不能认为这事已经解决。过去分词settled作介词as的宾语。 他对她说的不满意。从句what she said作介词with的宾语。 11 6. I had no choice but to wait.7. He gave me some advice on how to do it. 8. From above came a shout for help. 除了等,我没有别的选择。不定式to wait作介词but的宾语。 他就如何做这事给我提了些建议。“疑问副词 不定式”结构how to do it作介词on的宾语。 从上面传来呼救声。副词above作介词from的宾语。11 9. The city has a population of four million. 10. I saw her from across the street. 11. What you answered is far from true. 这座城市有400万人口。数词four million作介词of的宾语。 我从街的对面看到了她。介词短语across the street作介词from的宾语。 你的回答远非真实。形容词true作介词from的宾语。11 12. This is the speed limit beyond which drivers shall be fined. 这是速度限制,司机超速必定被罚款。关系代词which作介词 beyond的宾语。11 介词的宾语比较灵活,充当介词宾语的成分有: 名词(短语), 代词,动名词(短语),过去分词,从句,不定式,“疑问副词 不定式结构”,副词, 数词,介词短语及关系代词等。但需注意,只有特定句型才能用过去分词,不定式,副词,介词短语作介词宾语,当从句作介词宾语时不能为that引导的从句。10
展开阅读全文