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六、动词和动词短语 动词词义辨析动词词义辨析1. (2012湖北湖北21)Two lawyers have donated $50, 000 to _ our schools campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A. sponsor B. launch C. organize D. plan【解析解析】选选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:两名律师捐赠了五。考查动词词义辨析。句意:两名律师捐赠了五万美元来资助我校的前任校长在三年前发起的万美元来资助我校的前任校长在三年前发起的“帮助有需要的帮助有需要的人人”这一运动。这一运动。sponsor资助,赞助;资助,赞助;launch发射;发射;organize组组织;织;plan计划。捐钱当然应该是计划。捐钱当然应该是“资助资助”,所以正确选项为,所以正确选项为A。2. (2012湖北湖北22)Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and _ every page of my draft. A. approved B. quoted C. polished D. folded【解析解析】选选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:最后,我要感谢我。考查动词词义辨析。句意:最后,我要感谢我的导师,他为我的论文提供了很多建议和看法并且润色了我的的导师,他为我的论文提供了很多建议和看法并且润色了我的每一页草稿。每一页草稿。approve同意;同意;quote引用;引用;polish修改,润色;修改,润色;fold折叠。根据句意可知正确选项为折叠。根据句意可知正确选项为C。3. (2012天津天津13)Parents and children should communicate more to _ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. A. open B. narrow C. widen D. leave【解析解析】选选B。考查动词辨析。句意:父母和孩子应该多交流,。考查动词辨析。句意:父母和孩子应该多交流,以缩小他们间的隔阂,以便他们能更好地相互理解。以缩小他们间的隔阂,以便他们能更好地相互理解。open敞开;敞开;narrow缩小,使变窄;缩小,使变窄;widen变宽;变宽;leave留下。根据句意选留下。根据句意选B。4. (2012浙江浙江12)According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to _ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. A. differ B. shrink C. fail D. decline【解析解析】选选D。考查动词辨析。句意:据科学家所说,我们的。考查动词辨析。句意:据科学家所说,我们的智力在智力在22岁时达到高峰,在岁时达到高峰,在27岁后开始下降。岁后开始下降。differ不同,相不同,相异;异;shrink收缩,减少;收缩,减少;fail失败,失灵,不及格;失败,失灵,不及格;decline拒绝,拒绝,下降,衰落。下降,衰落。5. (2012新课标全国卷新课标全国卷35)If she doesnt want to go, nothing you can say will _ her. A. persuade B. promiseC. invite D. support【解析解析】选选A。考查动词辨析。句意:如果她不想去,你说什。考查动词辨析。句意:如果她不想去,你说什么也不能劝服她。么也不能劝服她。persuade劝服;劝服;promise许诺;许诺;invite邀请;邀请;support支持,赡养。由句意可知选支持,赡养。由句意可知选A。6. (2012江西江西30)We were all agreed that the cottage would _ a perfect holiday home for the family. A. make B. turn C. take D. have【解析解析】选选A。考查动词辨析。句意:我们都一致同意这个村。考查动词辨析。句意:我们都一致同意这个村舍会成为一家人度假的完美家园。舍会成为一家人度假的完美家园。A项意为项意为“造就,成为造就,成为”;B项意为项意为“变成变成(另一种状态另一种状态)”;C项意为项意为“带走带走”;D项意为项意为“拥有拥有”,应为,应为“人人”作主语。作主语。7. (2011新课标全国卷新课标全国卷34)William found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to _ . A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage【解析解析】选选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:威廉发现读书越来。考查动词词义辨析。句意:威廉发现读书越来越难,因为他的视力正开始变弱。越难,因为他的视力正开始变弱。disappear“消失消失”;fall“落落下,下,(数量数量数目数目)下降下降”;fail“(指健康指健康)衰退,变弱,消失衰退,变弱,消失”;damage“毁坏毁坏”。8. (2011辽宁辽宁22)What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre _ to be asleep. A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered【解析解析】选选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:汤姆,你起床干什。考查动词词义辨析。句意:汤姆,你起床干什么?你本该是在睡觉的。么?你本该是在睡觉的。be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事,应该做某事,而且侧重的是而且侧重的是“别人认为主语应该做别人认为主语应该做”,符合句意;,符合句意;know“知道,了解知道,了解”;think“认为认为”;consider“认为认为”。9. (2011辽宁辽宁24)You are old enough to _ your own living. A. win B. gain C. take D. earn【解析解析】选选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:你已经足够大来独。考查动词词义辨析。句意:你已经足够大来独自谋生了。自谋生了。win赢得;赢得;gain获得;获得;take带走;带走;earn/make ones living谋生,固定短语。谋生,固定短语。10. (2011天津天津6)I _ a bank account after I made $1, 000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. A. borrowed B. opened C. entered D. ordered【解析解析】选选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:在暑假,通过做兼。考查动词词义辨析。句意:在暑假,通过做兼职工作,赚了职工作,赚了1,000美元后我开了一个账户。美元后我开了一个账户。borrow“借借”;open“开开”;enter“进入进入”;order“命令,订购命令,订购”。根据句意选。根据句意选B。11. (2011江苏江苏28)Are you still mad at her? Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me. A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. decline【解析解析】选选A。考查动词词义辨析,句意:。考查动词词义辨析,句意:你仍然对她很你仍然对她很恼火吗?恼火吗?不了,但不可否认她的话伤害了我。不了,但不可否认她的话伤害了我。deny“否认,否认,否定否定”;refuse和和reject都表示都表示“拒绝拒绝”,故排除;,故排除;decline“谢谢绝绝”,也不符合句意。,也不符合句意。12. (2011全国卷全国卷10)Mary, I _ John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised【解析解析】选选B。考查动词和动词短语。句意:玛丽,我提醒过。考查动词和动词短语。句意:玛丽,我提醒过约翰关于帮助你的承诺。约翰关于帮助你的承诺。remind sb. of sth. 表示提醒某人某件表示提醒某人某件事情。事情。tell表示表示“告诉告诉”;warn表示表示“警告警告”;advise表示表示“建建议议”。根据句意可知答案为。根据句意可知答案为B项。项。13. (2011湖北湖北26)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _ our thinking. A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve【解析解析】选选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们想要成功,。考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们想要成功,知识和学问是重要的,但是它们可能也限制了我们的思考。知识和学问是重要的,但是它们可能也限制了我们的思考。direct 指引;指导;指引;指导;limit 限制;限制;change 改变;改变;improve 提高,提高,根据句意选择根据句意选择B项。项。14. (2011湖北湖北27)The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never _ with criminals. ”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult【解析解析】选选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:部长说:。考查动词词义辨析。句意:部长说:“我们准我们准备好与一切合法的政党讨论,但是我们将永远不会与犯罪分子备好与一切合法的政党讨论,但是我们将永远不会与犯罪分子谈判。谈判。”negotiate谈判,交涉;谈判,交涉;quarrel争吵;争吵;argue争论;辩争论;辩论;论;consult咨询。根据句意选择咨询。根据句意选择A项。项。15. (2011湖北湖北28)Clinical evidence began to _, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate【解析解析】选选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:临床证据开始增多,。考查动词词义辨析。句意:临床证据开始增多,暗示在与从动物实验得出的预测相比,这种新药有着更广阔的暗示在与从动物实验得出的预测相比,这种新药有着更广阔的应用。应用。operate动手术;动手术;strengthen加强;加强;approve证明;证明;accumulate积累。根据句意选择积累。根据句意选择D项。项。16. (2011安徽安徽21)As the story _, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops【解析解析】选选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:随着故事的发展,。考查动词词义辨析。句意:随着故事的发展,那位奇特人物的真实情况被慢慢地揭示出来。那位奇特人物的真实情况被慢慢地揭示出来。begin“开始开始”;happen“发生发生”;end“结束结束”;develop“发展,展开发展,展开”。根据。根据句意选择句意选择D项。项。17. (2011福建福建28)Id prefer to _ my judgement until I find all the evidence. A. show B. express C. pass D. reserve【解析解析】选选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:在找到所有的证据。考查动词词义辨析。句意:在找到所有的证据之前,我宁愿保留我的意见。之前,我宁愿保留我的意见。reserve保留;保留;show显示,展示,显示,展示,放映;放映;express表达;表达;pass穿过,通过,经过。由句意知选穿过,通过,经过。由句意知选D。18. (2010新课标全国卷新课标全国卷22)The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed【解析解析】选选D。句意:工人们将杯子装箱,并在每个箱子上标。句意:工人们将杯子装箱,并在每个箱子上标明明“此端朝上此端朝上”。pack the glasses把杯子装箱,把杯子装箱,D项符合题意。项符合题意。carry随身带着,扛着;随身带着,扛着;deliver运送;运送;press压,挤。压,挤。19. (2010辽宁辽宁32)The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines【解析解析】选选A。 句意:这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的句意:这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。电影之一。promise在句中的意思为在句中的意思为“大有大有的可能,的可能,有有的希望的希望”。agree同意,赞同;同意,赞同;pretend假装;假装;decline下下降,谢绝。降,谢绝。20. (2010江西江西25)Parents _ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply【解析解析】选选A。考查动词辨析。句意:家长非常重视教育。他。考查动词辨析。句意:家长非常重视教育。他们尽力给孩子那份无价的礼物。们尽力给孩子那份无价的礼物。attach importance to. . . 为固为固定搭配,意为定搭配,意为“重视重视”,其他三项均无此用法。,其他三项均无此用法。 动词短语辨析动词短语辨析1. (2012湖北湖北23)Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage. A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:独自一人在黑暗中。考查动词短语辨析。句意:独自一人在黑暗中走,那个男孩吹口哨给自己打气。走,那个男孩吹口哨给自己打气。hold up举起,耽搁,延迟;举起,耽搁,延迟;keep up保持保持, 维持;维持;set up建造建造, 创立;创立;take up占据占据, 开始从事。开始从事。keep up ones courage 保持勇气,鼓起勇气。保持勇气,鼓起勇气。2. (2012湖北湖北24)Im so glad youve come here to _ this matter in person. A. lead to B. see to C. turn to D. refer to【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我很高兴你亲自来。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我很高兴你亲自来这里处理这个问题。这里处理这个问题。lead to导致,引起;导致,引起;see to处理,解决;处理,解决;turn to转向,求助;转向,求助;refer to指的是,涉及,查阅。根据题干信指的是,涉及,查阅。根据题干信息,与息,与this matter in person搭配的应该表示的是搭配的应该表示的是“亲自解决问亲自解决问题题”。3. (2012安徽安徽28)The athletes years of hard training _ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. A. went on B. got throughC. paid off D. ended up【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语。句意:当这位运动员最终获得。考查动词短语。句意:当这位运动员最终获得奥运金牌时,她多年的艰苦训练终于有了回报。奥运金牌时,她多年的艰苦训练终于有了回报。A项意为项意为“继继续进行续进行”;B项意为项意为“经历;通过;完成经历;通过;完成”;C项意为项意为“取得取得成功;奏效;成功;奏效;(努力等努力等)有了回报有了回报”;D项意为项意为“结束结束”。4. (2012新课标全国卷新课标全国卷27)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says. A. put out B. put downC. put away D. put together【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:玛丽的确擅长在课。考查动词短语辨析。句意:玛丽的确擅长在课堂上记笔记。她几乎能把老师说的每个词都记下来。堂上记笔记。她几乎能把老师说的每个词都记下来。put out扑扑灭;灭;put down放下,写下;放下,写下;put away放好;放好;put together放在一放在一起。根据句意可知选起。根据句意可知选B。5. (2012全国卷全国卷12)We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day. A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语。句意:那天我们开始粉刷房子,。考查动词短语。句意:那天我们开始粉刷房子,可是只完成了房子的前面部分。可是只完成了房子的前面部分。set out to do sth. 开始干某事,开始干某事,符合语境;符合语境;set about需要跟需要跟doing sth. 表示开始干某事;表示开始干某事;set up建立建立, 创立创立, 成立;成立;set down写下写下, 记下。故选记下。故选C。6. (2012福建福建29)You had better _ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. A. set aside B. take upC. put away D. give out【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语。句意:你最好每天都留出一些。考查动词短语。句意:你最好每天都留出一些时间来锻炼,这样你就可以保持精力充沛。时间来锻炼,这样你就可以保持精力充沛。set aside放到一边,放到一边,留出;留出;take up占据,从事;占据,从事; put away收起来放好;收起来放好;give out用用完,用尽。故选完,用尽。故选A。7. (2012江西江西24)Ive _ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. A. come into B. gone intoC. got into D. run into【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语搭配。句意:我已养成了在放学。考查动词短语搭配。句意:我已养成了在放学回家的路上看望祖父母的习惯。回家的路上看望祖父母的习惯。get into the habit of意为意为“养养成成的习惯的习惯”,是固定搭配。其他选项和,是固定搭配。其他选项和the habit of 不构成不构成短语搭配。短语搭配。8. (2012陕西陕西19)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system _. A. broke in B. broke upC. broke out D. broke down【解析解析】选选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:他不得不不时地停。考查动词短语辨析。句意:他不得不不时地停下来擦额头上的汗,因为空调坏了。下来擦额头上的汗,因为空调坏了。break in“破门而入,插破门而入,插话话”。break up“分手,分手,(关系关系)破裂;解散等破裂;解散等”。break out“战战争争(火灾火灾)爆发,发生爆发,发生”。break down“谈判等失败;谈判等失败;(机器等机器等)发发生故障;生故障;(人精神人精神)崩溃等崩溃等”。根据句意可知。根据句意可知D项符合题意。项符合题意。9. (2012辽宁辽宁26)Rod loves _ clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. A. taking apart B. giving awayC. making up D. turning off【解析解析】选选A。考查短语辨析。句意:罗德喜欢拆钟表,然而。考查短语辨析。句意:罗德喜欢拆钟表,然而他从来不能把它们再组装起来。他从来不能把它们再组装起来。A项表示项表示“拆开,分开拆开,分开”符合符合题意;题意;B项表示项表示“分发,赠送分发,赠送”;C项表示项表示“编造;化妆编造;化妆”;D项表示项表示“关闭关闭”。10. (2012辽宁辽宁35)Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on Friday. A. get paid B. got paidC. have paid D. had been paid【解析解析】选选A。考查系表结构。句意:妈妈,我在想你能否借。考查系表结构。句意:妈妈,我在想你能否借我几美元直到我星期五领薪水。我几美元直到我星期五领薪水。get paid 为系表结构,而为系表结构,而B项项时态不对。时态不对。11. (2012浙江浙江15)Armed with the information you have gathered, you can _ preparing your business plan. A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:有了你收集的这些。考查动词短语辨析。句意:有了你收集的这些信息,你就可以开始准备你的商业计划了。信息,你就可以开始准备你的商业计划了。set out意为意为“动身,动身,着手着手”,后面常跟不定式;,后面常跟不定式;set about意为意为“开始,着手开始,着手”,后,后面常跟面常跟doing; set off出发,引起;出发,引起;set up建立。建立。12. (2012江苏江苏26)OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up. You cant _ your responsibilities. A. run off with B. run up againstC. run out of D. run away from【解析解析】选选D。考查动词短语。句意:。考查动词短语。句意:好吧,我受够了。好吧,我受够了。我放弃。我放弃。你不能逃避责任。你不能逃避责任。A项表示项表示“携带携带逃跑逃跑”;B项表示项表示“意外地碰到意外地碰到(困难困难)或偶然碰到或偶然碰到(人人)”;C项表示项表示“用光,用光,耗尽耗尽”;D项表示项表示“逃避,避开逃避,避开”。13. (2012四川四川20)Its surprising that your brother _ Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long. A. picked up B. looked upC. put up D. made up【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:真令人惊讶,你哥。考查动词短语辨析。句意:真令人惊讶,你哥哥这么快就学会了俄语哥这么快就学会了俄语他已经很长时间不住在那里了。他已经很长时间不住在那里了。pick up 拾起,捡起,学会;拾起,捡起,学会;look up 仰望,查阅,尊敬,拜访;仰望,查阅,尊敬,拜访;put up 举起,张贴,提供,建造,推举,提名,供给举起,张贴,提供,建造,推举,提名,供给住宿;住宿;make up组成,化妆,整理,弥补。组成,化妆,整理,弥补。14. (2011四川四川7)To get a better grade, you should _ the notes again before the test. A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语。句意。考查动词短语。句意: 为了考个好分数,考试为了考个好分数,考试前你应该把笔记再复习一遍。前你应该把笔记再复习一遍。go over 复习,温习;复习,温习;get over 克克服,摆脱;服,摆脱;turn over翻身,翻转;翻身,翻转;take over接替,接管。故选接替,接管。故选A。15. (2011四川四川14)I often _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet. A. look up B. look at C. look for D. look into【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语。句意。考查动词短语。句意: 我经常在词典里或者网我经常在词典里或者网上查我不认识的单词。上查我不认识的单词。look up查询,查找。查询,查找。look at 看;看;look for寻找;寻找;look into调查。故选调查。故选A。16. (2011新课标全国卷新课标全国卷 26)I can _ the house being untidy,but I hate it if its not clean. A. come up with B. put up withC. turn to D. stick to【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语。句意:我能忍受房子不整齐,。考查动词短语。句意:我能忍受房子不整齐,但如果不干净的话,我不喜欢。但如果不干净的话,我不喜欢。come up with “想出,提出想出,提出”;put up with“忍受忍受”;turn to“转向,求助于转向,求助于”;stick to“坚坚持持”。17. (2011山东山东25)They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic. A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们正在加宽这座。考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们正在加宽这座大桥以加快交通流量。大桥以加快交通流量。speed up 加速,加快;加速,加快;put off 延期,推延期,推迟;迟;turn on 打开;打开;work out 解决,计算出,制定出,锻炼。解决,计算出,制定出,锻炼。18. (2011江西江西35)You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect. A. run out B. break out C. work out D. put out【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:你不能预言一切事。考查动词短语辨析。句意:你不能预言一切事情。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。情。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。run out 耗尽;耗尽;break out 打破;打破;work out 算出,实现;算出,实现;put out 扑灭。故选扑灭。故选C。19. (2011浙江浙江6)The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to _ it. A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:尽管这所学校不是。考查动词短语辨析。句意:尽管这所学校不是我真正想去的学校,但是我想我会尽可能充分利用它的。我真正想去的学校,但是我想我会尽可能充分利用它的。make the best of充分利用;充分利用;get away from远离;远离;keep an eye on关注;关注;catch up with赶上。赶上。A项符合句意。项符合句意。20. (2011浙江浙江12)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night. A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up【解析解析】选选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:他决定一直开车回。考查动词短语辨析。句意:他决定一直开车回家而非暂住旅馆过夜。家而非暂住旅馆过夜。“put up at. . . ”表示表示“在某处获得食宿在某处获得食宿安排安排/暂住暂住”。例如:。例如:They put up at an inn for the night. 他们他们在一家小客栈里过夜。在一家小客栈里过夜。put down记下,镇压;记下,镇压;put off推迟;推迟;put on穿上;上演。故选穿上;上演。故选D项。项。21. (2011辽宁辽宁26)The exam results will be _ on Friday afternoon. A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:考试结果将会在周。考查动词短语辨析。句意:考试结果将会在周五下午张贴出来。五下午张贴出来。put down记下,镇压;记下,镇压;put off推迟;推迟;put away收起;收起;put up张贴,挂起,提供食宿,符合句意。张贴,挂起,提供食宿,符合句意。22. (2011陕西陕西25)Some insects _ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:一些昆虫呈现出它。考查动词短语辨析。句意:一些昆虫呈现出它们周围环境的颜色,目的是为了保护自己。们周围环境的颜色,目的是为了保护自己。take in“吸收;改吸收;改小;理解;欺骗小;理解;欺骗”;take off“起飞;脱衣服;摆脱;成名起飞;脱衣服;摆脱;成名”;take on“雇用;呈现雇用;呈现”;take out“拿出来拿出来”。根据句意可知。根据句意可知C项正确。项正确。23. (2011天津天津8)She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. A. turned down B. dealt withC. took after D. came across【解析解析】选选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:昨天在商店购物时,。考查动词短语辨析。句意:昨天在商店购物时,她遇到了一位老朋友。她遇到了一位老朋友。turn down调小,拒绝;调小,拒绝;deal with 处理;处理;take after与与相像;相像;come across(偶然偶然)遇到,根据句意选遇到,根据句意选D。24. (2011江苏江苏30)You look upset. Whats the matter? I had my proposal _ again. A. turned over B. turned onC. turned off D. turned down【解析解析】选选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:。考查动词短语辨析。句意:你看起来很沮你看起来很沮丧,出什么事了?丧,出什么事了?我的提议又被拒绝了。我的提议又被拒绝了。turn down拒绝,拒绝,符合句意。符合句意。turn over翻转;翻转;turn on打开;打开;turn off关掉,与句关掉,与句意不符。意不符。25. (2011湖北湖北29)The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. A. take down B. bring downC. hand down D. tear down【解析解析】选选B。考查动词词组辨析。句意:政府已经采取措施。考查动词词组辨析。句意:政府已经采取措施降低日用品的高价来保持市场的稳定。降低日用品的高价来保持市场的稳定。take down记下,记录;记下,记录;bring down降低;降低;hand down把把传递下来;传递下来;tear down拆毁;拆毁;拆卸。根据句意选择拆卸。根据句意选择B项。项。26. (2011安徽安徽34)If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care aboutC. look for D. focus upon【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果你发现自行车。考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果你发现自行车有瑕疵但还想买,可以要求店员降价。有瑕疵但还想买,可以要求店员降价。come across(偶然偶然)发现;发现;care about在意,介意;在意,介意;look for寻找;寻找;focus upon集中于。根集中于。根据句意选择据句意选择A项。项。27. (2011福建福建31)Born into a family with three brothers, David was _ to value the sense of sharing. A. brought up B. turned downC. looked after D. held back【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:出生于一个三兄弟。考查动词短语辨析。句意:出生于一个三兄弟之家,大卫受到教育要重视分享的意义。之家,大卫受到教育要重视分享的意义。bring up教育,抚养,教育,抚养,呕吐;呕吐;turn down调低,关小,拒绝;调低,关小,拒绝;look after照顾;照顾;hold back阻止,抑制,隐瞒。由句意知选阻止,抑制,隐瞒。由句意知选A。28. (2010山东山东27)Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up【解析解析】选选C。句意:。句意:Sam通过观察别人操作电脑学会了一些通过观察别人操作电脑学会了一些电脑知识。电脑知识。bring up养育,抚养;养育,抚养;look up向上看;向上看;pick up学会;学会;set up建立,搭起。建立,搭起。29. (2010福建福建30)Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets _ it. A. keep up with B. do away withC. get down to D. look forward to【解析解析】选选C。句意:我们刚刚搬进一所大房子,有好多事情。句意:我们刚刚搬进一所大房子,有好多事情要做,让我们着手做吧。要做,让我们着手做吧。keep up with跟上,赶上;跟上,赶上;do away with摆脱,废除;摆脱,废除;get down to着手着手;look forward to盼盼望望。30. (2010安徽安徽22)No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high. A. getting rid of B. getting along withC. looking up to D. looking down upon【解析解析】选选C。 句意:不管你多么看不起你自己,总会有人崇句意:不管你多么看不起你自己,总会有人崇敬你,希望自己也像你那么高大。敬你,希望自己也像你那么高大。get rid of除掉;除掉;get along with相处,进展;相处,进展;look up to尊敬,敬仰;尊敬,敬仰;look down upon看不看不起。起。【命题人点拨命题人点拨】考考查查重重点点 1. 动词和动词短语的词义辨析动词和动词短语的词义辨析2. 动词与其他词类的搭配动词与其他词类的搭配3. 熟词生义,一词多义熟词生义,一词多义 备备考考策策略略 1. 动词是英语词汇中的核心,它的用法最灵活,种类比较动词是英语词汇中的核心,它的用法最灵活,种类比较多,形式复杂多,形式复杂2. 注意动词短语的意思,同时要在具体语境中灵活地加以注意动词短语的意思,同时要在具体语境中灵活地加以使用使用3. 注意掌握以下动词构成的动词短语,如注意掌握以下动词构成的动词短语,如get, come, look, put, turn, take, send, set, ask, carry, have, care, pay, hold, keep, think, make, give, pick, hand等等4. 掌握常用动词如掌握常用动词如get, take, make, have, keep, leave等常用等常用词义和主要用语的结构和句式词义和主要用语的结构和句式 一、各类动词的基本用法一、各类动词的基本用法1. 实义动词实义动词(1)及物动词和不及物动词及物动词和不及物动词及物动词后可直接跟宾语,可用于被动语态。及物动词后可直接跟宾语,可用于被动语态。The story cant interest the children. (名词作宾语名词作宾语)这个故事并不能使孩子们感兴趣。这个故事并不能使孩子们感兴趣。We avoided talking about this subject. (动名词作宾语动名词作宾语)我们避免谈论这个话题。我们避免谈论这个话题。及物动词后可跟双宾语。及物动词后可跟双宾语。Can you lend me your bike? 你能把你的自行车借给我吗?你能把你的自行车借给我吗?(动词直接涉及的事物为直接宾语,涉及的人为间接宾语动词直接涉及的事物为直接宾语,涉及的人为间接宾语)Can you lend your bike to me? (间接宾语有时可放在直接宾语间接宾语有时可放在直接宾语的后面,但要用介词的后面,但要用介词 to,for 与直接宾语隔开与直接宾语隔开)不及物动词不能跟宾语,不能用于被动语态。但不及物动词不及物动词不能跟宾语,不能用于被动语态。但不及物动词有时和介词连用,后面可跟宾语。有时和介词连用,后面可跟宾语。Listen to the teacher carefully. 认真听老师讲课。认真听老师讲课。接复合宾语的及物动词接复合宾语的及物动词有些及物动词在接一个宾语的同时需要再接一个补语,这些及有些及物动词在接一个宾语的同时需要再接一个补语,这些及物动词就是接复合宾语的及物动词,有以下几类:物动词就是接复合宾语的及物动词,有以下几类:a. 接形容词作宾补的动词常见的有:接形容词作宾补的动词常见的有:make, paint, keep, find, wish, suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等;还有一等;还有一些通常只与一个或某几个形容词固定搭配的动词:些通常只与一个或某几个形容词固定搭配的动词:break(open), drive(mad), beat(black and blue), polish(smooth), boil(soft), set(free), cut(short)等。等。They broke the door open. 他们强行把门打开。他们强行把门打开。b. 接名词作宾补的动词常见的有:接名词作宾补的动词常见的有:call, name, make, elect, appoint, find, consider, leave, think, choose, declare等。等。They appointed her head of the German Department. 他们任命她为德语系的负责人。他们任命她为德语系的负责人。c. 接不定式作宾补的动词常见的有:接不定式作宾补的动词常见的有:ask, tell, invite, force, get, beg, allow, help, wish, want, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, instruct, permit, remind, order, command, warn, cause, urge等以及某些动词短语:等以及某些动词短语:wait for, depend on, call on等。等。The doctor advised Mary to have more exercise. 大夫劝玛丽多大夫劝玛丽多锻炼。锻炼。The government calls on us to live a low-carbon life. 政府号召我们过低碳生活。政府号召我们过低碳生活。d. 接现在分词作宾补的动词常见的有:感官动词接现在分词作宾补的动词常见的有:感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, look at, smell,observe以及表示以及表示“使,让使,让”的动的动词词have, get(使使), keep, find等。等。Can you hear her singing in the next room now? 现在你能听见她在隔壁房间唱歌吗?现在你能听见她在隔壁房间唱歌吗?Im sorry I kept you waiting. 抱歉让你久等了。抱歉让你久等了。e. 接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有:接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有:see, hear, watch, feel, find, think, make, get, have, keep, leave等。等。I cant get the car started. 我的车发动不起来了。我的车发动不起来了。(2)延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用,而非延续性动词延续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用,而非延续性动词则不可以。则不可以。We have known each other since childhood. 自孩提时代我们就自孩提时代我们就认识。认识。Usually on Sundays I sleep until 11 a. m. . 通常星期天我会睡到通常星期天我会睡到上午上午11点钟。点钟。非延续性动词也能同表示一段时间的时间状语搭配,一种情非延续性动词也能同表示一段时间的时间状语搭配,一种情况是表示一段时间内的某个时间况是表示一段时间内的某个时间“点点”,一种是在否定句中。,一种是在否定句中。The fire broke out during the night. 火灾是在夜间发生的。火灾是在夜间发生的。We havent received his letter for 2 weeks. 我们有两周没有收到我们有两周没有收到他的来信了。他的来信了。延续性动词前加延续性动词前加get/begin/come to,表示一时的动作,不再,表示一时的动作,不再表示延续。表示延续。It was not until I failed again that I got to realize my fault. 直到我再次失败,我才开始认识到我的过失。直到我再次失败,我才开始认识到我的过失。We came to know each other many years ago. 我们在许多年前我们在许多年前就开始相识了。就开始相识了。【易混点拨易混点拨】1. 有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,如有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,如add, beat, change, draw, dress, drive, escape, fit, follow, hang, head, hold, hurt, lead, lose, manage, meet, mind, miss, move, play, press, run, show, stand, strike, touch, turn, win。2. 后跟双宾语时只能用后跟双宾语时只能用“vt. +sth. +to+sb. ”结构的动词:结构的动词:introduce, explain,suggest, declare, announce, report, whisper等。等。后跟双宾语时,只能用后跟双宾语时,只能用“vt. +间宾间宾+直宾直宾”结构的动词有:结构的动词有:allow, ask, bet, charge, cost, deny, envy, draw, forgive, promise, refuse 等。等。3. 有些动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,使用的有些动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,使用的场合不同,意思也会有所变化,如场合不同,意思也会有所变化,如stand, fly, work, mind, dress, escape, miss, hang, head, show, run, move等。例如:等。例如: The trees moved in the win
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