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句子按其使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；句子按其结构又可分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句。1. 句子种类 （1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式） （2）疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式） （4）感叹句 2. 简单句的五种基本句型 （1）主语系动词表语 （2）主语不及物动词 （3）主语及物动词宾语（4）主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 （5）主语及物动词宾语宾补（6）there be句型3. 并列句4. 主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句考点一 简单句的五种基本类型及there be句型句 型例 句1. 主语不及物动词The girl is studying hard.2. 主语系动词表语He seems very busy.3. 主语及物动词宾语She sent an E-mail to her friend yesterday.4. 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语My mother bought me an iPhone 6.5. 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语The news made them surprised.6. There be结构There is a river behind our school.( ) 1. There _ a great concert in the theater next Saturday evening. A. will be B. will have C. has D. is going to have( ) 2. My parents _ about 1000 yuan for my school education each year.A. spend B. take C. cost D. pay( ) 3. Will you please _ us a story, Miss Green? OK, shall I _ it in English or in Chinese?A. tell; speak B. talk; speak C. tell; say D. talk; say( ) 4. What did the manager _ you to _ at the meeting. A. tell; say B. ask; speak C. tell; speak D. ask; talk考点二 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。陈述句包括肯定句和否定句句 式结 构例 句肯定句略否定句1.否定谓语（常见）I dont think playing too much computer games is good.2.否定主语Nobody knows why he didnt come to school.3.否定宾语 We know nothing about it. 4.否定宾语补足语Our teacher often us not to give up our dreams.5.否定状语My pen was lost and I could find it nowhere.将以下句子变为否定句：将以下句子变为否定句：5. We do eye exercises every day. We _ _ eye exercises every day.6. There is something wrong with the radio. _ _ wrong with the radio. 7. Tom always goes to bed at twelve. Tom _ _ to bed at twelve.8. Youd better help him with his maths. You _ _ _ help him with his maths.定句变否定句口诀否定词语加not，放在be和have后； 其它要加动词do，do的后面加not； 时间、人称由do变，动词原形总保留；谓语若是助词多，not紧跟第一个。dontdo Nothingis nevergoes hadbetternot 考点三 疑问句 用来提出问题的句子。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句问句类型问句类型解解 析析例例 句句一般疑一般疑问句问句以以be动词、助动词或动词、助动词或情态动词开头，用情态动词开头，用Yes或或No来回答。来回答。Did you have a good time at school?Can you finish your work on time?特殊疑特殊疑问句问句陈述句语序陈述句语序针对主针对主语（或修饰语）提问语（或修饰语）提问Whose car is under the tree?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+一般疑问一般疑问句语序句语序How do you study English?选择疑选择疑问句问句一般疑问句一般疑问句+ or +一般一般疑问句（省略结构）疑问句（省略结构）Would you like some tea or coffee?特殊疑问句，特殊疑问句，+ A + B？Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?问句类型解 析例 句反意疑问句结构：陈述句+简短的一般疑问句句式：前肯后否，前否后肯He has to leave now, doesnt he?He hasnt been there, has he?句子含有no, never, hardly, few, nothing, nobody, seldom等否定词，后面用肯定You have nothing to tell me, do you?She has few money with her, does she?当前部分为祈使句，后面用will you;而当前面是Lets开头，后面用shall we。Open the door, will you?Lets have a rest, shall we?There be句型当中，后面句子主语用thereThere is little in the glass, is there?主从复合句以主句为主；但当主句是I /we think/believe/suppose时要以从句为主She thinks she can dance , doesnt she ?I think he is wrong this time , isnt he ?( ) 9.Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are We Going, DAD? _. I think its quite moving and funny.A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. Yes, he has D. No, she hasnt( ) 10. _ will the fog and haze (雾霾雾霾) last? Ive no idea. There is no sign of an end.A. How soonB. How far C. How longD. How often( ) 11. _ do you go to Weifang Theatre? Once a month. A. How soon B. How often C. How much D. How long( ) 12. _ are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy ? To learn about different styles of school uniform. A. What B. Where C. Why D. Which肯定句变肯定句变一般疑问一般疑问句口诀句口诀 have和和be提句首，其它助词提句首，其它助词Do开头。开头。 时间、人称由时间、人称由do变，动词只把原形留。变，动词只把原形留。 谓语助词有几个，第一助词提句首。谓语助词有几个，第一助词提句首。考点四 祈使句 提出请求、建议或发出命令等。以动词原形开头（否定形式在前面加Dont），常在句首或句末加上please。如：Sit down, please.Dont talk in class. ( ) 13. Sorry Im late. _ tell me the bus broke down again!A. Never toB. NotC. Dont D. No( ) 14. Its late, Teresa. _ earlier next time and youll have enough time to have breakfast. OK, Muni Ill remember. A. Get up B. Getting up C. To get up D. Got up考点五 感叹句 表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等情绪。类型解 析例 句以how引导How + 形容词/副词 +（主+谓）！How cold the day is ! How quickly he runs !以what引导What +形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+（主+谓）！What beautiful flowers (they are)!What bad weather (it is )!What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+（主+谓）！What an interesting story (it is)!( ) 15. _ weather it is today! A. What hotB. How hot C. What a hotD. How a hot( ) 16. _ fantastic documentary it is! Do you mean the hot film “Diaoyu IslandThe Truth”? A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a( ) 17. _ honest man he is! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an ( ) 18. _ brave Zhang Hua is! Yes. He helped his neighbor, Mrs Sun out of the fire. A. What a B. How C. How a D. What考点六 并列句 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词and, or, but, so, yet, for或分号来连接，并列句在用法上互不或分号来连接，并列句在用法上互不依从，意义上却有密切的关系。依从，意义上却有密切的关系。1. 分句与分句之间的四种关系：分句与分句之间的四种关系：（1）联合关系；如：）联合关系；如：Im speaking and you are listening to me. （2）转折关系；如：）转折关系；如：I help him with his English every day, but he is still bad at it. （3）选择关系；如：）选择关系；如：Work harder, or you will fall behind others.（4）因果关系。如：）因果关系。如：He got up late this morning, so he was late for school.2. so +助动词助动词+主语和主语和 so + 主语主语 + 助动词助动词 so+助动词助动词+主语这个结构主要用来说明前面主语这个结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为所说的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“也一样也一样”。该结构中的助动词可以是：。该结构中的助动词可以是：be动词，动词，情态动词和助动词。如：情态动词和助动词。如：He can speak English, so can I. She is 14 years old, so am I. I study hard, so do they.其否定结构为：其否定结构为：neither/nor + 助动词助动词/be动词动词/情态动词情态动词 + 主语。主语。so+主语主语+助动词这个结构主要用于加强语气，助动词这个结构主要用于加强语气，意为意为“的确如此，确实如此的确如此，确实如此”，表示后者赞同，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。所述内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。如：如：He has done a good job. So he has.( ) 19.I have read the book Sense and Sensibility. _. A.So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have D. So has I( ) 20. Jack went to see the man who was in hospital yesterday. _. A. So did he B. So he did C. He did so D. Did so he( ) 21. Will you go to Peters party this Saturday evening? I havent decided yet. If you dont go, _.A.so will I B. neither do I C. neither will I D. neither I will( ) 22. Im not going swimming this afternoon. _. I have to help my mother do some cleaning. A. So am I.B. So I am. C. Neither am I. D. Neither I am.考点七 宾语从句 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句子中起名词作用，相当于一个名词词组，在全句中充当主语的宾语。要注意宾语从句的三要素，即：连接词、从句的时态和从句的语序。项 别解 析例 句连接词原句是陈述句that （可以省略）Lily says(that) the man in black is our new teacher.原句是一般疑问句if /whetherDo you know if he was born in China ?原句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问词The teachers asks where he lives .从句的语序陈述句语序即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它Nobody knows . Will it rain tomorrow?Nobody knows if it will rain tomorrow .项别项别解解 析析例例 句句从句从句的时的时态态主句为主句为一般现一般现在时在时从句任意时态从句任意时态We all want to know if she will come to help us .主句为主句为一般过一般过去时去时从句一般过去时从句一般过去时I didnt know when he would come back the next day.从句过去进行时从句过去进行时Can you tell us what you were doing yesterday morning?从句过去将来时从句过去将来时I asked the teacher where the meeting would have.从句过去完成时从句过去完成时She said she had missed the school bus.注意注意的问的问题题1.从句如果表示客观真理、从句如果表示客观真理、客观事实时，不管什么时客观事实时，不管什么时候都用一般现在时。候都用一般现在时。The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 2.宾语从句的否定转移。宾语从句的否定转移。如果主句谓语动词是如果主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等等,而从句的意思是否定的而从句的意思是否定的,这时主句的谓语动词用否这时主句的谓语动词用否定式定式,从句用肯定式。从句用肯定式。1. I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。我认为你不对。2. I dont believe she can finish the work, can she ? 我认为她不能完成工作，能吗我认为她不能完成工作，能吗 ？( ) 23.Can you tell me _? Yes, its on Xinhua Street. A. how can I get to the bookstore B. where the bookstore is C. where is the bookstore D. what is the bookstore( ) 24. We have no idea _. Its heard that he is Mr. Greens son.A. where he comes from B. if does he live hereC. who he is D. who is he( ) 25. Dad, can you tell me _ to the amusement park? The day after tomorrow. A. when we are going B. when we went C. when are we going D. when did we go( ) 26. The teacher asked the students_. A. why the earth went around the sunB. why does the earth go around the sunC. why the earth goes around the sun 宾宾语从语从句用句用法口法口诀诀 宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。词，不同句子词相异。 陈述句子用陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；）替； 特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。 二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意。在时，从句时态应看意。 主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。记清，从句永保陈述序。考点八 定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如： 1. I like music that I can dance to. (music 是先行词，that是关系代词) 2. He is the man who I met yesterday. ( man是先行词，who是关系代词) 定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, which, whose和关系副词where ,when, why, 关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中有三个作用：1. 连接主从句；2. 指代先行词；3. 在从句中充当某一成分。用法见下表：关系词用 法例 句that既可以指人，又可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略Rosa likes music that is quiet and gentle.I like music that I can sing along with.which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略The building which stands near the road is our school .Music is the subject which he teaches us.who指人，常在从句中作主语The girl who works in the office is his sister.whom也指人，在从句中作宾语，常省略The girl whom you met here is my daughter.whose通常既指人也指物，在从句中通常作定语The watch whose strap is broken is Toms.when指时间，在从句中通常作时间状语I will never forget the days when I worked in the school.where指地点，在从句中通常作地点状语That is the house where he used to live. 注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that1. 当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。 I have said all that I want to say.2. 当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very, the only修饰时。如： This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the very book that I want to buy.3. 当先行词被all, little, much, some, any, no, every等词修饰时。如：There is little work that you can do. 4. 先行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.5. 当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。 如：Who is the man that opened up the lab.( ) 27. Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? Im not sure. Is it in the hall _ can hold 300 people?A. where B. what C. that D. when( ) 28. Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China舌尖上的中国舌尖上的中国? Yeah! Its the most funny one _ I have ever seen. A. thatB. whatC. which D. where( ) 29. After Mandela was free (自由的自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _ wanted to kill him. A. whoseB. whichC. / D. who( ) 30. I will never forget the day_ we spent in the old town with small houses. A. who B. whom C. that D. what考点九 状语从句 状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间状语从句when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件状语从句if, unless原因状语从句as, because, since地点状语从句where目的状语从句so that, in order that结果状语从句so that, sothat, suchthat让步状语从句though, although, even if, however方式状语从句as 比较状语从句than, (not)asas( ) 31.Henry, please call us as soon as you_ Hawaii. OK. Ill do that, Mom.A. arrive inB. are arriving inC. will arrive at D.arrive at( ) 32. Amy was reading a book _ I came in. A. when B. while C. because D. though1. 时间状语从句时间状语从句I was doing my homework when my mother came back. = While I was doing my homework , my mother came back.2. 条件状语从句 You will fall behind your classmates unless you work harder. =You will fall behind your classmates if you dont work harder. 注意：在时间状语从句（since除外）和条件状语从句中，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即：主将从现( ) 33. I want to know if Maria _ us in the fashion show tonight. I believe if she _ her homework, she will join us. A. joins; finishes B. will join; finishes C. joins; will finish D. will join; will join( ) 34. _ you read it, you cant imagine how moving the story is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. If3. 原因状语从句Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather. 由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。( ) 35. Tony never spends money in buying books_ he doesnt like reading. A. but B. because C. though D. until( ) 36. _ there are too many people here, _ we have to find another house. A. Because; so B. Though; but C. Since; / D. /; if 4. 地点状语从句Put it where we can all see it. 把它放在我们都能看到的位置。5. 目的状语从句Finish this so that you can start another. 把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。( ) 37. Susan, what are the advantages of MP5 players? Mum, they are smaller and lighter _they can be carried very easily. A. unless B. if C. until D. so that6. 结果状语从句He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了。注意两种句式：so + 形/副 + that 如此以致于 such+(a / an) + 形 + 名 + that 如此以致于Tom is so clever that he learns Chinese well.=Tom is such a clever boy that he learns Chinese well.( ) 38. He dressed _ quickly_ he put his shoes on the wrong feet. A. so; as B. such; that C. so; that D. such a；that( ) 39. She was _ we all like her.A. such a good singer B. such a good singer that C. a very good singer that D. so good singer that7. 让步状语从句Though he is in poor health, he works hard. 虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。注意：though / although与but不能同时出现在一个句子里。( ) 40. How do you like the concert given by F. I. R.? Exciting, _ one piece of the music wasnt played quite well. A. though B. because C. so D. and8. 方式状语从句Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。( ) 41. Tom laughed _ the others did, _ he didnt understand the story.A. like; though B. as; though C. like; because D. as; as9. 比较状语从句The work isnt as easy as I thought. 这项工作比我想象得难。 句子种类在听力、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、短文填空以及书面表达中都有很多考查。掌握句子种类及其结构是学好英语的关键。所以要从下角度来备考：1. 要熟记各种句子类型的结构，学会分析并加以灵活运用；2. 宾语从句要注意连接词、时态和语序三要素；3. 定语从句只考查关系代词的用法，要注意关系代词不仅仅起连接词的作用，而且还在从句中充当句子成分，要能分清关系代词在从句中充当的句子成分；当然还有只用that的特殊情况。4. 状语从句要能分清主从句之间的逻辑关系，灵活使用连接词及主从句时态的一致。
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