资源描述
语法复习专题一语法复习专题一 强调句强调句 解读考纲：解读考纲：1. 掌握不同类型的强调；掌握不同类型的强调；2. 区分区分it iswasthat强调句与强调句与其它句型其它句型1.利用词语进行强调利用词语进行强调1)用助动词用助动词“do（doesdid）动词原形）动词原形”来表示强调。来表示强调。He does know the place wellDo write to me when you get there2)用形容词用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。词来加强语气。Thats the very textbook we used last term这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only person here who can speak ChineseNot a single person has been in the shop this morning今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？3) 用用ever，never，very，right, just等副词和等副词和badly，highly，really等带有等带有-ly的副词来进行强调。的副词来进行强调。Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？He never said a word the whole dayYouve got to be very，very carefulThis is just what I wanted这正是我所要的。He was badly wounded他伤得很严重。I really dont know what to do next我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。4）用）用IN THE WORLD，ON EARTH（究竟），（究竟），AT ALL等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）。于疑问句）。WHERE IN THE WORLD COULD HE BE？他到底会在哪儿？WHAT ON EARTH IS IT？它究竟是什么？DO YOU KNOW AT ALL？你到底知不知道？2. 利用句型进行强调利用句型进行强调1）用感叹句来表示强调。）用感叹句来表示强调。来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感。HOW INTERESTING A STORY IT IS！ OH，WHAT A LIE！啊，真是弥天大谎！2）用倒装句进行强调）用倒装句进行强调用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气。 ON THE TABLE WERE SOME FLOWERS强调地点 MANY A TIME HAVE I CLIMBED THAT HILL ONLY IN THIS WAY CAN WE SOLVE THIS PROBLEM3）使用强调句型进行强调）使用强调句型进行强调强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分It was on Monday night that all this happened所有这一切发生在周一晚上。Its me that he blamed他怪的是我。 The old man spent a whole morning repairing that old bicycle.It is the old man that/who spent a whole morning repairing that old bicycle.It is a whole morning that the old man spent repairing that bicycle.陈述句：陈述句： It is/ was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。 e.g. He met Li Ping yesterday.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：只需把is/ was提到it前面, Is/ was it+ + that/ who? e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ e.g. When and where was it that you were born? 如何判断强调句：如何判断强调句： 1. It is/ was + + that/ who中it本身没有词义，只用that, who并且不可省略；2. be的时态只用两种， is/ was, 必须与原句保持一致，原句是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is 。3. It is/ was + + that/ who同时去掉原句不缺成分，依旧完整It was yesterday that I saw him off at the airport. It is I thatwho am your English teacher.1. 对比： It was Li Leis brother that you met in the street yesterday.It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V.将句中的It is/ was + + that/ who同时去掉，句子依旧成立2. 对比：It was the English book that I bought yesterday.It is an English book (which that) I bought yesterday.强调句的be必须与that后的时态一致，引导词只用that 和who, 主语从句主语从句定语从句定语从句3. 对比：对比：It is such an interesting book that we all like very much.It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much.强调句的it不作任何成分，无实际意义，只起强调作用结果状语从句结果状语从句考纲要求考纲要求强调句在高考中一般都不是以直接陈述句形式出现的，往往以一般疑问句式或特殊疑问句式出现；一. 注意判断该句是否是强调句；二. 牢记一般疑问句和特殊疑问句WHEN WAS IT THAT YOU WERE BORN? I WONDER WHEN IT WAS THAT YOU WERE BORN.三. 牢记 not until 句型的强调句It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till； 句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。例：1. It was not until 11 oclock the experiment. A. did he finish B. that he finished C. when they finished D. that did he finish解析：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 2. -“How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace？” - “Totally by chance.” A. it that B. he that C. it whenD. he which典型陷阱题分析典型陷阱题分析 1. _ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. A. It was we being late B. It was our being lateC. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late 【陷阱陷阱】此题容易误选此题容易误选D，认为强调，认为强调because we were late.【分析分析】但实际上，此题的答案为但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：，此题若还原成非强调句，即为： Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 典型陷阱题分析典型陷阱题分析 2. -“Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday？” -“It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting.” A. where B. which C. that D. when 【陷阱陷阱】很可能误选很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语状语 in the hall. 【分析分析】假若选假若选C，该句的意思是，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大学生们通常是在大厅开会厅开会”，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通；假若，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通；假若将答句改为将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。则完全可以。典型陷阱题分析典型陷阱题分析 3. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me. A. which B. as C. what D. that 【陷阱陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析分析】此题为一个强调句型，被强调成分为此题为一个强调句型，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said.句意为句意为“让我生气的不是让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。 （1） It was his nervousness in the interview _ probably lost him the job. A. which B. since C. that D. what （2） It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 典型陷阱题分析典型陷阱题分析4. Was it five oclock _the fire broke out？ A. when B. that C. which D. in which 【陷阱陷阱】容易误选容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。，误认为这是强调句。 【分析分析】在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is wasthat，句子结构仍然完整。此题选，句子结构仍然完整。此题选A，可分析为：，可分析为：it 表时间，表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全为时间状语从句，全句意为句意为“火灾是火灾是5点钟发生的吗？点钟发生的吗？”比较下面一题：比较下面一题： Was it at five oclock _the fire broke out？ A. when B. that C. which D. in which 典型陷阱题分析典型陷阱题分析 5. _ was very _ that little Jim wrote the letter. A. It, careful B. It, carefully C. He, careful D. He, carefully 【陷阱陷阱】最有可能误选的可能是最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通，认为这是一个普通的系表结构。的系表结构。 【分析分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. It was when she was about to go to bed _ the telephone rang. A. since B. as C. that D. then 答案选答案选C，被强调成分为，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。这一时间状语从句。 闯关训练闯关训练1.（2006北京）I think we have met the word before.Yes. It is in the reading material _ we _ reading yesterday.A. that; did B. that; were C. when; wereD. when; did答案：答案：B，本题考查强调句型。2. It is these poisonous products _can cause the headache.A. whoB. that C. howD. what答案：答案：B，被强调部分these poisonous products是句子的主语，其他部分有连词that引导。闯关训练闯关训练3.(2004上海,43 )Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want to say?A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How it is that答案：答案：A该题考查了强调句式的特殊疑问句形式。即:What is it that you want me to say? 4.(2005全国,30) It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply.A. since B. when C. as D. that答案：答案：D本题强调not until., 要注意not until 在it is.that的强调句中不能分开。闯关训练闯关训练5. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is答案：答案：Dit作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。6. Was it in 2001, when he was still at middle school, _ this boy became expert at computer?A. whichB. whereC. whenD. that答案：答案：D本题在强调句中间插入了一个定语从句修饰2001，做题时可以去掉，强调句的结构就一目了然。本节重点：本节重点：一一. 注意判断句子是否是强调句；注意判断句子是否是强调句；二二. 牢记一般疑问句和牢记一般疑问句和特殊疑问句特殊疑问句三三. 牢记牢记 not until 句型的强调句句型的强调句It is/ was not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that + 其它部分其它部分派生词 DERIVATION 1.表示否定的前缀：表示否定的前缀：un-non-in-dis-im-il-ir-unfair, unhappynonsmoker, non-violentinactive, inhuman, indirectdisagree, disappear impolite, impossibleillegalirregular.前缀前缀 (prefix) ：2.表示错误或失当的前缀:mis- misjudge, misdirect(误导), misunderstand3.表示向背的前缀:pro-anti-pro-Chinese, pro-Americanantiwar, anti-Japanese war4.表示程度、大小的前缀super- over- mini-under- semi-superstar, supermarket,superman, superpoweroverhead, overeat, overuseminibus, miniskirt, minicarunderground, underdeveloped, underlinesemicircle, semiskilled, semitone5.表示时间的前缀pre-post-fore-prewar, preview, pre-existpostwar, postdateforetell, forecast, foresee, weather forcast6.表示方位的前缀：sub-inter-trans-subway, submarine, subcultureinternational, intercity, interclass, interactiontranslate, transatlantic, transform后缀：后缀：不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性。1.动词变名词：-ationsatisfaction, education, realization-ment development, movement, disappointment-alarrival, refusal, revival-eeemployee, interviewee-erteacher, worker, farmer-orvisitor, sailor, director2.形容词变名词：-ness-ity-ismhappiness, carelessnessability, possibility Marxism, criticism3. 名词、形容词变动词：-ify-ize-enbeautify, simplifyrealizequicken, widen, sharpen4.名词变形容词：-y-ish-some-ous-ful-less-lywindy, rainy, sandy, lucky, salty, funnyfoolish, feverish, selfish , childishhandsome, troublesome, awesomedangerous, humorous, serioushelpful, careful, peaceful，usefulcareless, useless, hopeless, homelessfriendly, lively, lonely, weekly, motherly合成词合成词 Compounding ：复合词通常由两个或两个以上的词构成复合词通常由两个或两个以上的词构成handbook, snowfall, bookstoredark-red, world-famous, light-blue, sight-see, outlinemoreovern.adj.v.adv.转化词转化词(Conversion)本册出现了本册出现了名词名词转化为转化为动词动词的用法的用法,使使得动词更丰富得动词更丰富,更形象更形象,更生动更生动.1.常用的转化为动词的名词有：常用的转化为动词的名词有：head, eye, name, book, dress, diet, mail, face, work, answer, nurse2.有些动词可以转化为名词：有些动词可以转化为名词：love, doubt, laugh, work, help, look, watch, record, stop, break, guess, change, ship,train本模块的重点是本模块的重点是n. v.，主要有以下几种转主要有以下几种转化形式：化形式：1.人体部位活用为动词：head, finger, hand, face2.某些物质名词活用为动词：water, snow, flower, waste3.对某些人的称谓用做动词: nurse, host, guide, mother4.一些表示心态的抽象名词用做动词：interest, disappoint, surprise名词和动词转化时应注意：名词和动词转化时应注意：1.有时不改变意思，有时相应地变化 picture n. 画，照片， v. 用图表示、描述2.有时形式不变，但读音有变 house vt. /hauz/ use vt./ju:z/但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义：但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义：Kingdom: “职位、状态” Boyhood: “身份，资格”Friendship: “情态、状态、性质、 身份、职业、技巧、技能”Spoonful：构成名词freedomchildhoodleadership, hardshipmouthfulhandful
展开阅读全文