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高二人教新课标版选修七高二人教新课标版选修七Unit 5 Travelling abroad Learning about Language The Attributive Clause 2在定语从句中在定语从句中, 当先行词是表示当先行词是表示时间、地点时间、地点或原因的名词时或原因的名词时, 就要分别用就要分别用关系副词关系副词 when, where, why来引导来引导, 在从句中作在从句中作状语状语。关系。关系副词副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于的含义相当于“介词介词+ which”结构结构, 因此常常可以和因此常常可以和“介词介词+ which”结构交替使用。结构交替使用。1. I remembered the day when (on which) I first came to the school. 2. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.3. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused to help you? 关系代词关系代词VS关系副词关系副词 选择关系代词选择关系代词, 还是关系副词首先要还是关系副词首先要判断先行词在定语从句中充当的成分：判断先行词在定语从句中充当的成分：关系关系代词一般充当主语、宾语代词一般充当主语、宾语 (whose充当定语充当定语); 而关系副词一般充当状语。而关系副词一般充当状语。1. This is the factory where I stayed last year. 2. This is the factory which I visited last year.3. Ill never forget the days when I worked with you in the city.4. Ill never forget the days that I spent with you in the city.1. Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one2. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the oneB D Choose the best answer. 1. The reason _he gave us is enough.2. The reason _ he was late is unknown.3. We must learn to act in ways _ do not harm other living things.4. I dont like the way _ he talks.5. This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.that/which/-whythat / whichthat/in which/-that/which/-Fill in the blanks. 介词介词+关系代词关系代词1. 根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?In the dark street there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help。 A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom析析: 答案为答案为 D 。介词。介词 to 和定语从句中的和定语从句中的 turn 构成固定搭配构成固定搭配 turn to sb. for help, 意为意为“向向某人求助某人求助”。 D2. 根据定语从句意思的需要根据定语从句意思的需要, 此时不但要注意此时不但要注意 其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。 He had a bad cold, because of which he didnt attend the meeting. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm _ many people have got home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which 析析: 答案为答案为 D 。根据句意。根据句意“到下午到下午 5: 30 时，时， 许多人已经到家了许多人已经到家了”, 且定语从句中又用了完且定语从句中又用了完 成时成时, 故应用介词故应用介词 by。D注意注意1) 介词后面的关系词不能省略。介词后面的关系词不能省略。2) that 前不能有介词。前不能有介词。3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语 的的“介词介词+关系词关系词“结构可以同关系副词结构可以同关系副词when， where 和和 why 互换。互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.4. whose可转换为可转换为“of +关系代词关系代词”型型。They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.aboutonwithoutFill in the blanks with proper prepositions.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?5. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.6. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.forto whommost of whichFor more exercises, click here.The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句: 所谓限制性定语从句就是先行所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句就主句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主句分开。写时不用逗号和主句分开。I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。 (如果把从句去掉如果把从句去掉, 整个句子的含义就变了整个句子的含义就变了)非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句和主句的非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加说关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿，一般不用上须停顿，一般不用that引导。引导。His dog, which was then very old, became ill and died. 他的狗当时很老了他的狗当时很老了, 生病后就死了。生病后就死了。(去掉从句，主句的意义仍然完整：他的狗生病去掉从句，主句的意义仍然完整：他的狗生病死了。死了。) 2) Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了，他好象很忙。昨天我碰上李雷了，他好象很忙。 (去掉从句去掉从句, 意义仍然完整意义仍然完整: 昨天我碰上李雷了昨天我碰上李雷了)2. 非限制性定语从句中的一些问题：非限制性定语从句中的一些问题：a. 非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中, 指物时指物时, 用用which而不用而不用 that。1) Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.2) All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.b. 指人时主格用指人时主格用who, 宾格用宾格用whom, 物主格用物主格用 whose (也可指物也可指物)。1) Miss Howe, whom you met in the library, is our new teacher.2) The Arabs, who are famous for their horses and camels, use these animals for work and in sports.3) Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.c. 另外关系副词另外关系副词when (指时间指时间), where (指地指地 点点) 也可以引导非限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句 (注意关系注意关系 副词副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句); why 不引导定语从句。不引导定语从句。1) He lives in the city, where there is a high tower.2) The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949, when he was born.d. 介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语 从句。从句。1) Wu Dong, with whom I went to see the film, enjoyed it very much.2) Her bag, in which she put all her books, has not been found.3) The story about the Long March, of which this is an example, are well written.3. as, which 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 由由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，引导的非限定性定语从句，as 和和 which可代整个主句，相当于可代整个主句，相当于and this 或或 and that。as 一般放在句首，一般放在句首，which在句中。在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、或表语。在定语从句中作主语、宾语、或表语。as 常用于常用于the same.as, such. as , as. as和和so.as 结构中。结构中。as 引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。I have never seen such a lazy man as you (are).我从来没有见过像你这样懒的人。我从来没有见过像你这样懒的人。(作表语作表语)as引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.让孩子们读使他们变得更好更聪明的书。让孩子们读使他们变得更好更聪明的书。(作主语作主语)Take as many as you want.你想要多少就拿多少。你想要多少就拿多少。(作宾语作宾语)Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.这儿有一块没人能搬走的那么大的石头。这儿有一块没人能搬走的那么大的石头。(作宾语作宾语)注注: the same.后既可以用后既可以用that 也可以用也可以用 as 来引导来引导定语从句定语从句, that “同一的同一的”即指同一事物即指同一事物; 而后者引导而后者引导定语从句时定语从句时, as “相似相似”即指同类事物。即指同类事物。如如:1) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. (This sentence means: This pen is mine. I lost it yesterday.)2) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. (This sentence means: This pen is very much like mine that I lost yesterday. In fact, it isnt mine.)AS 和和 WHICH 的区别的区别 首先，首先，as和和which都可以表示主句在意义上的都可以表示主句在意义上的连贯，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的连贯，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语。宾语。e.g. He married her, which/as was natural I was very useful to him, which/as he realized 但下列情况下但下列情况下as和和which一般不能互换一般不能互换:1. as 既可以指前面提到过的事实或情况既可以指前面提到过的事实或情况, 因此因此as可以放在句首、句末可以放在句首、句末, 也可以插入主句中也可以插入主句中, 而而which指前面提到的事实或情况指前面提到的事实或情况, 一般放在主句之后一般放在主句之后(有时也可用有时也可用as)。 如：如： As our teacher points out, that book is of benefit to everyone. Heat is a form of energy, as is known to all of us This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating2. As 含有正如、按照、正像之意含有正如、按照、正像之意, as 一般用一般用 在肯定句中在肯定句中, 而而 which 则可以用于含否定则可以用于含否定 意义的句子中，如：意义的句子中，如： He failed in the exam again, as was expected. He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected3. 当关系代词代表主句引起的结果，当关系代词代表主句引起的结果， 又做主谓宾补结构中的主语时，又做主谓宾补结构中的主语时， 多用多用which, 如：如： He saw the girl, which delighted him He didnt pass the exam, which made his mother angry4. 下列固定结构下列固定结构, 一般不能用一般不能用which, 如：如：as has been said before 如前所述如前所述as often happens 正像经常发生的那样正像经常发生的那样as is well known 众所周知众所周知as will be shown in Fig 3 将如图将如图3所示所示as we know 正如我们知道的那样正如我们知道的那样as may be imagined 这可以想象得出来这可以想象得出来as we all can see 正如我们大家看到的那样正如我们大家看到的那样 as follows 如下如下1. (2007 山东山东) We are just to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 解析解析: 本句中先行词本句中先行词 a point= a stage in sths development 表发展的阶段、地步表发展的阶段、地步, 为抽象为抽象地点地点, 故选关系副词故选关系副词where 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 真题解析真题解析A2. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where解析：本题考察定语从句，主句中的先行解析：本题考察定语从句，主句中的先行词词the hours被其它成分分割，只要考生能被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即表示时间的关系副词，即when。C高考链接高考链接- 20101. (10福建福建24) Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. whereC. which D. whose 2. (10湖南湖南28) Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. whichBA高考链接高考链接- 20091. ( 09山东山东 24 ) Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A.who B. which C. when D. that 2. (09宁夏海南宁夏海南28) She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. theseBC1. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. (2008重庆重庆) A. where B. there C. which D. when2. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. (08山东山东)A. who B. which C. why D. when高考链接高考链接- 2008A D 3. Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. (08北京卷北京卷) A. which B. when C. whom D. where4. All the neighbor admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽卷安徽卷) A. why B. where C. which D. thatA B 1. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. 2007 山东卷山东卷 A. that B. there C. which D. where 2. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 2007 安徽卷安徽卷 A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom高考链接高考链接 - 2007D D 3. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do. 2007 江西卷江西卷 A. that B. what C. which D. where4. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2007 陕西卷陕西卷 A. which B. asC. why D. whereD D 5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. 2007 天津卷天津卷 A. when B. whose C. which D. where6. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. 2007 重庆卷重庆卷A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for whichD B For more exercises, click here.HOMEWORKFind more information about the attributive clause and remember the rules.
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