资源描述
定语从句 ： n、 pron + 先行词 + 句子 （不完整的 ）宾语从句 ： 主 + 谓（vt ）+ 宾状语从句： 主+ 谓 +宾语 + 状语ww从句类型：从句类型： As he walked along the lake, he sang happilyAfter he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.时间状语从句常用的连词：时间状语从句常用的连词： when, whenever, will, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardlywhen, no sooner than, the moment, immediately, directly, instantly注意点 比较while, when, as 时间状语从句：the moment 时间状语从句：directly 比较until和notuntil 表示一就的结构ww比较WHILE, WHEN, AS 1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。引导短暂性动作的动词。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用引导这个从句，不可用as 或或 while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3）从句表示）从句表示随时间推移随时间推移连词能用连词能用as，不用，不用when 或或while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏When: 表示时间点，还可以表原因，译作表示时间点，还可以表原因，译作“既既然然”。还可以翻译成突然。还可以翻译成突然While： 表示时间段，还可以用来表示对比表示时间段，还可以用来表示对比 翻译翻译成成“而而”。While放在句首要翻译成放在句首要翻译成“尽管尽管”引引导让步状语从句。导让步状语从句。时间状语从句：THE MOMENT 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句theminute,themoment,everytime,the firsttime Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhis search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。 EverytimeIsawthestrawhat,itremindedmeofthe tourImadeyearsbefore. 每当我看到那顶草帽，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游 IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether. 我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。时间状语从句：DIRECTLY等 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句： Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquiet. 校长一进来，大家就安静下来。 Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediate-lysheheardthenoise. 那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。w until 和not until的区别1.Until 要与延续性动词连用。2. notuntil 要与非延续性动词连用1. Until句子翻译成 动作直到时候才结束。2.Notuntil句子要翻译成动作直到时候才开始。 I slept until 12 oclock. 我睡觉睡到我睡觉睡到12点。点。We didnt get down to working until Ms Zhang came in. 我们直到张老师进来才开始认真的工作。我们直到张老师进来才开始认真的工作。表示一就的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和和as soon as都可以表示都可以表示一一就就的意思，例：的意思，例： I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或或no sooner置于句首，句子置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：必须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rainw地点状语从句常常由地点状语从句常常由where来引导。来引导。 Make a mark where you have a question.Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out.Now that you mention it, I do remember.原因状语从句连接词原因状语从句连接词because, since, as , now that（既然），（既然），for 注意点：注意点： 比较：because, since, as和for 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.(3)because和和so不能同用在一个句子里。不能同用在一个句子里。wYou can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know（据我所知）（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.条件状语从从句连词条件状语从从句连词If,unless, once, as long as, on condition that Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.He left early in case he should miss the train.目的状语从句连接词目的状语从句连接词so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）（以防，以免）for fear thatwShe was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. 结果状语从句连接词结果状语从句连接词so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）（从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that 比较：比较：so和和 such 其规律由其规律由so与与such的不同词性决定。的不同词性决定。 such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，连用，形成固定搭配。形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / little money. such rapid progressso many people such a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于虽相当于 many，但但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）搭配。）比较状语从句连接词：比较状语从句连接词：I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is, the happier he feels.than, so (as) as, the more the more You must do the exercise as I show you.He acted as if nothing had happened.as, as if (though), the way, rather than 方式状语从句的连接词方式状语从句的连接词Though he is a child, he knows a lot=Child as he is, he knows a lot.Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.让步状语从句的连接词让步状语从句的连接词although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 让步状语从句(1) though, although 注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet， still nevertheless（仍然，不过）可连用 Although its raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意：注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。在主语之前。 Try hard as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。AS, THOUGH 引导的倒装句让步状语从句(3) 3)ever if, even though.即使 Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whetheror- 不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.让步状语从句(4) 5)no matter +疑问词疑问词 或或疑问词疑问词+后缀后缀ever No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：替换： no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。状语从句的省略状语从句的省略1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。e.g.As a young man, Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.he was2. 当从句的主语是当从句的主语是it， 谓语动词是谓语动词是be动词时，可以把动词时，可以把it和和be一起省略。此时构成一起省略。此时构成“连词（连词（if， unless， when， whenever）+形容词形容词”的结构。的结构。Though cold，he still wore a shirt.it was3. If =so/not省略句式中，用省略句式中，用so/not代替上文的内容代替上文的内容。Get up early tomorrow. If not(=If you dont get up early), you will miss the first note.
展开阅读全文