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高中语法综合高中语法综合复习全解复习全解名词名词1. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly _. A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon【解析解析】句意为：两国领导人在一种友好的氛围中句意为：两国领导人在一种友好的氛围中进行交谈。进行交谈。B和和C都有都有“情形，情况情形，情况”的意的意思，思，D是是“现象现象”，只有，只有A“氛围氛围”符合题符合题意。意。 2. It was reported that the problem had been settled without much _. A. affect B. affair C. effect D. effort【解析解析】 考查词义辨析。考查词义辨析。affect影响；影响；affair事事务；务；effect影响，效果；影响，效果；effort尝试，努尝试，努力。据报道，问题没费多大事就解决力。据报道，问题没费多大事就解决了。根据语意可知，了。根据语意可知，D项正确。项正确。without effort意思是意思是“毫不费力地毫不费力地”。 3. The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the farm. A. duck B. horse C. bird D. sheep【解析解析】 有个别可数名词的单复数同形。如：有个别可数名词的单复数同形。如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep等。等。 4. I have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some _? A. advice B. decisions C. information D. messages【解析解析】不可数名词不能用不定冠词不可数名词不能用不定冠词a, an或或数词直接修饰。数词直接修饰。advice, information, weather, milk, water, paper, news, work, traffic等是常考的不可数名词。等是常考的不可数名词。5. The theme park is about _ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A. two hour B. two hours C. two hours D. two hours【解析解析】以以s结尾的复数名词的所有格只需在词尾结尾的复数名词的所有格只需在词尾加加“ ”。6. Hi, this way, please. OK. I sometimes have no sense of _ when I arrive at the crossroads. A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition【解析】【解析】 B. have no sense of direction 意为意为“没有没有方向感方向感”。 名词学习目标：名词学习目标：1. 熟记近义名词的辨析；熟记近义名词的辨析；2. 熟记常见的不可数名词，单复数同形的熟记常见的不可数名词，单复数同形的 名词，形单义复的名词和集合名词表示名词，形单义复的名词和集合名词表示 单复数的情况，如：单复数的情况，如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂工厂), series; police, cattle, family, audience等等；等等；3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化；掌握名词的抽象化和具体化；4. 掌握名词的所有格；掌握名词的所有格；5. 熟记名词的固定搭配使用。熟记名词的固定搭配使用。名词分为名词分为专有名词专有名词和和普通名词普通名词两大类。两大类。专有名词专有名词表示具体的人，事物，地点，团表示具体的人，事物，地点，团体或机构的专有名称（体或机构的专有名称（第一个字母要大写第一个字母要大写） 例：例：China 中国，中国，Asia 亚洲，亚洲，Beijing 北京。北京。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词必须使用定冠词the。如：。如：the Great Wall（长城）。（长城）。普通名词普通名词 1) 个体名词个体名词：表示个别人或物的名称，：表示个别人或物的名称， 如：如：computer。 2) 集体名词集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的：表示一群人或一些事物的名名 称，如：称，如：family。 3) 物质名词物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形：表示物质或不具备确定形状状 和大小的个体的物质，如：和大小的个体的物质，如：air。 4) 抽象名词抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、：表示动作、状态、品质、 感情等抽象概念，如：感情等抽象概念，如：anger。 个体名词和集体名词个体名词和集体名词一般是一般是可数名词可数名词。 物质名词和抽象名词物质名词和抽象名词一般是一般是不可数名词不可数名词。可数名词变复数的规则变化可数名词变复数的规则变化 1) 一般在词尾一般在词尾 加加-s scientist-scientists 2) 以以s, sh, ch, x等结尾等结尾 加加-es bus-buses; watch-watches 3) 以以ce, se, ze等结尾等结尾 加加-s license-licenses 4) 以以辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾结尾 变变y为为i再加再加-es baby- babies 以以元音字母元音字母+y结尾结尾 加加-s key-keys5) 以以o结尾的名词，变复数时：结尾的名词，变复数时：以辅音字以辅音字 母加母加o结尾的词，一般加结尾的词，一般加-es（photo等例等例 外）；外）；hero-heroes 以元音字母加以元音字母加o结尾结尾 的词，则直接加的词，则直接加-s radio-radios6) 以以f或或fe结尾的名词变复数时：结尾的名词变复数时： 加加-s，如：，如： belief-beliefs；roof-roofs去去f, fe 加加-ves，如：，如：half-halves； knife-knives；leaf-leaves；wife-wives wolf-wolves可数名词变复数的不规则变化可数名词变复数的不规则变化 1) child-children; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; man-men; woman-women; mouse-mice 2) 单复同形，如：单复同形，如：deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese 3) 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复 数。例如：数。例如：people, police, cattle等本身等本身 就是复数就是复数4) 以以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：maths, politics, physics, news等等名词所有格名词所有格 英语中有些名词可以加英语中有些名词可以加 “ s ”来表示所有来表示所有关关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有。名词所有格的规则如下：格的规则如下：1) 单数名词词尾加单数名词词尾加 “ s ”，如：，如：the boys bag 男孩的书包，复数名词词尾没有男孩的书包，复数名词词尾没有s， 也要加也要加 “ s ”，如：，如：mens room 男厕男厕所。所。2) 以以 s 结尾结尾 ，一般加，一般加 “ ”，如：，如：the Smiths car 史密斯家的车史密斯家的车3) 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则，则 表示表示“分别有分别有”；只有一个；只有一个s，则表示，则表示“共共 有有”。如：。如： Johns and Marys rooms（两间）（两间） John and Marys room（一间）（一间）4) 合成词在最后加合成词在最后加 “ s ”，如：，如： the editor-in-chiefs office 总编的办公室总编的办公室 anybody elses opinion 他人意见他人意见5) 名词的双重所有格：名词的双重所有格：of + 名词所有格或名词所有格或 名词性物主代词。如：名词性物主代词。如：a few books of Jacks 杰克的几本书杰克的几本书1. We can see the blue sky and the shining sun. There is no _ that it will rain today. A. doubt B. avenue C. chance D. point2. The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is a tourist _ in Beijing, drawing millions of visitors every year. A. interest B. attraction C. scene D. view3. Would you like to go out for dinner with me, Ann? Of course, but the only _ is that youll be my guest. A. position B. situation C. condition D. invitation4. Mr. Zhang has taught for thirty years. Everybody sings high praise for his _ to the cause of education. A. application B. impression C. reception D. devotion5. There are twenty-four _ students in our class and we have three _ teachers. A. girl; woman B. girls; women C. girl; women D. girls; woman6. The idea sounds good in theory, but it is useless if not put into _. A. fact B. event C. deed D. practice 7. Im very grateful to you because you have taken _ to show me how to do the work. A. efforts B. pains C. attempts D. difficulties8. You are in no _ to work. What has happened? A. mood B. emotion C. attitude D. feeling9. I havent seen you for ages. Lets have a gettogether next week. OK, its a _. A. charge B. price C. reward D. deal10. I suggest we go to the Qingdao Restaurant for lunch, which is famous for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes. A. division B. area C. range D. circle名词在高考中的考查重点：名词在高考中的考查重点：一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现，绝大多数是考查名词词义辨错中出现，绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析，名词和表示数量词结合的考查，以析，名词和表示数量词结合的考查，以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。理解和应用也将占有一席之地。Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文档。文档。点击此处链接点击此处链接1. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries. (2007浙江浙江) A. way B. situation C. event D. choiceMultiple choice. 2. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise. (2007辽宁辽宁) A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand3. You are always full of _. Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day. (2007福建福建) A. power B. strength C. force D. energy4. Shall we go out for a walk? Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. (2008江西江西) A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance5. Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. (2008浙江浙江) A. sense B. view C. means D. idea 6. Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? Because the old one has been damaged _. (2008江苏江苏) A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description7. The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car. (2009 江西江西) A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms8. China has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. (2009安徽安徽) A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge 9. He says that my new car is a _ of money. Dont you think those words are just sour grapes? (2009山东山东) A. lack B. load C. question D. waste10. James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television. (2010天津天津) A. room B. area C. field D. position 11. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _. (2010江苏江苏) A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization12. Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. (2010山东山东) A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter 13. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. (2011江苏江苏) A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence 14. Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my _. (2011浙江浙江) A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions 15. Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. (2011山东山东) A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship
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