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中考复习系列 被动语态 The Passive VoiceThe Passive VoiceI. The Active Voice and the Passive Voice: 1.What is the Active Voice? ( in Chinese) 它表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。 Eg: We often mistake New York for the capital of the USA. 2. What is the Passive Voice? ( in Chinese) 它表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。 Eg: New York is often mistaken for the capital of the USA by us. II. The structure of the Passive Voice: be (助动词）助动词） + P.P.（动词的过去分词）（动词的过去分词） 1. 一般现在时的被动语态: am/is/are+P.P. Eg: Our classroom is cleaned every day. More trees are planted every year. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态: was/were+P.P. Eg: These dinosaur eggs were found in Liaoning. Paper was first made in China. 3. 含有情态动词的被动语态: can/may/must/should + be + P.P. Eg: Can the word be read like this? IV. How to change the Active Voice into the Passive Voice: a. 主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语 b. 动词变为相应的被动形式(注意有人称、数和时态的变化) c. 主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语 (不强调动作的承受者时 by 短语可以省略） Eg: 1. People eat potatoes all over the world. 主语 宾语 Potatoes are eaten ( by people ) all over the world. 主语 宾语 2. When did they hold the meeting? When was the meeting held (by them)? V. Key points and special difficulties 1、短语动词变为被动时，其后的介词或副词不可以省略。短语动词变为被动时，其后的介词或副词不可以省略。 Eg. Old people should be taken good care and spoken politely. Old people should be taken good care of and spoken to politely. 2、主动语态中省略主动语态中省略“to”的不定式，在被动语态中要加上的不定式，在被动语态中要加上“to”，如，如 make, let, hear, see, watch, 等。等。 Eg: We heard her sing in her own room yesterday. She was heard to sing in her own room yesterday.3、带双宾语结构的主动语态改为被动时，带双宾语结构的主动语态改为被动时， （1）常常把间接宾语（）常常把间接宾语（“人人”）直接作为主语。）直接作为主语。 （2）也可以把直接宾语（）也可以把直接宾语（“物物”）作为主语，但要加上）作为主语，但要加上“to”或或“for”。 如如buy, draw, make (for) 等；如等；如 give, pass, show(to) 等。等。 Eg: Father bought me a computer last week. I was bought a computer by Father last week. A computer was bought for me by Father last week. 4、不及物动词和连系动词没有被动语态，如不及物动词和连系动词没有被动语态，如 happen, change, develop, break down, rise, feel 等。等。 Eg: a.Yesterday our teacher told us a story which was happened hundreds of years ago. Yesterday our teacher told us a story which (was) happened hundreds of years ago. b. The language is changed all the time The language is changing all the time c. The meat is smelt bad. Throw it away, please. The meat smells bad. Throw it away, please. 5、及物动词后面无宾语时，要考虑用被动语态。及物动词后面无宾语时，要考虑用被动语态。 Eg: Dont go in until you _(tell) to. He _ (ask) to give a speech in class yesterday. are toldwas asked 6、了解其他时态的被动语态。了解其他时态的被动语态。 一般将来时：shall, will be + P.P. 现在完成时：have / has been + P.P. 现在进行时：am/ is / are + being + P.P. 7、主动语态中疑问词是主语的句子改为被动要加主动语态中疑问词是主语的句子改为被动要加“by”。 Eg: Who broke the window yesterday? By whom was the window broken yesterday? VI. Exercises: a. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice: 1. We should listen to the teacher carefully. The teacher should be listened to carefully. 2. When did Uncle Wand repair your bike? When was your bike repaired by Uncle Wang? 3. They sell vegetables in that shop. Vegetables are sold in that shop. 4. Do they teach Russian in their school? Is Russian taught in their school? 5. Can I take this magazine out of the library? Can this magazine be taken out of the library? b. Correct the errors in the following sentences:1. If the temperature is risen again, there will be some danger. If the temperature rises again, there will be some danger.2. Who was the girl taken good care of last month while you were away? By whom was the girl taken good care of ?3. No one knew when the picture hung on the wall. No knew when the picture was hung on the wall.4. The cakes were so delicious that they had sold out soon after the shop was open. that they were sold out after the shop was open.5. Lots of new words have to be looked because he knows little English. Lots of new words have to be looked up .6. When you leave, make sure the lights turn off. When you leave, make sure the lights are turned off.7. Whose is this pen? It has been lain on the teachers desk for the whole morning. ? It has (been) lain on the teachers desk for the whole morning. 8. The flowers in the vase were felt very sweet, didn t they? The flowers in the vase (were) felt very sweet, didnt they?
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