动名词与现在分词的区别

动名词（gerund）和现在分词（present participle）的区别 所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分. 而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语 所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定时gerund. 当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是present participle. 它们有可能被弄错的是作表语和定语时.其实也很好区分 1. 作表语: 我们知道, 名词和形容词都可以作表语. This is water(n.). It is transparent(adj). 这时你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表语相当于n.它就是gerund. 反之相当于adj.时它就是present.participle. The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring. One of the best exercises is swimming. 2. 作定语时的区别我在回答中已经解释了. 动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系. a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleeping a sleeping child = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作) (呵呵下面再请你告诉我它们分别是什么吧! a swimming girl a swimming pool 3. 最后来解释修饰他们到底该用是adv, 还是adj. 无论是Present participle. 还是gerund, 它们都叫做动词的-ing形式(所以若有人分不清它们时,多把它们混为一谈).也就是说它们都有动词的特点,故而都可用adv修饰. eg: Reading a novel intently, I didnt realize he came in. (reading, 现分作状语, 用adv intently修饰) eg: My dream is speaking English perfectly. (speaking动名词,副词perfectly修饰.) 但gerund不仅有动词的特点,它也有名词的特点,这就决定了它也可以像名词一样用物主代词,形容词来修饰. Would you mind my(物主代词) sitting here? The mellow(愉快的, 形容词) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring