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Part 2 Of 29. put offput sth. off或put off doing sth.推迟或取消,相 当于postpone, delay。 Its raining hard. Wed better put off the sports meet. 正在下大雨,我们最好把运动会延期。 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事今日毕。put off还可指关掉某物,相当于switch off或 turn off。 Be sure to put off the light before you go out. 在你出去前别忘了关灯。 The central heating will be put off next month. 下个月暖气不开放了。put sth. aside 把某事放到一边；不顾put sth. away 把某物收起来put sth. back 把某物放回原处put sth. down 把某物放下；镇压某事；记录下某事put sth. on 穿上，戴上；演出,举办put out 扑灭；关掉put sb. / sth. through (to sb.) 为某人接通(打给某人的)电话put sb. up 为某人提供食宿put sth. up 建立；展示,张贴1. 她老是拖延着不去看牙医。 _2. 因为太晚,我们请你今晚就住在这里。 _3. 你的玩具满屋乱放,请把它们收拾一下。 _ _She keeps putting off going to the dentist.Since its late, well put you up for the night.Your toys are scattered over the room. Please put them away.10. bring up提出；谈到 Why did you have to bring up the subject of money? 为什么你非要提钱这个话题？养育；教育 In my day, children were brought up to respect the law. 在我小时候,孩子们都接受教育要遵守法律。呕吐 He cant eat anything without bringing it up. 他吃什么都吐。bring about 导致(某事的发生)bring down 降低(价格等)bring on 导致，造成(某事)bring in 带进,引入1. The manager _ many questions at the meeting.2. Science have _ many changes in our lives.3. Experts _ to advise the Government.4. She was five and she _ by her aunt.5. He drank so much that he finally _ all the food.brought upbrought aboutwere brought inwas brought upbrought up11. wipe out 彻底毁灭 The earthquake wiped out many villages. 地震摧毁了许多村庄。 Five hundred years ago the plague almost wiped out the population of the island. 500年前,黑死病几乎消灭了岛上所有的人。 No matter when the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean. 不管侵略者什么时候来,都将被消灭。wipe vt. 擦除I wiped my shoes on the mat before I came in.我在进门前在垫子上擦了擦鞋。 She wiped her tears away.她擦掉了眼泪。1. 所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去了生命。 _ _2. 母亲叫儿子把脸擦干净。 _ _3. 整个村子都被洪水淹没了。 _The entire population was wiped out by the terrible disease.The mother told her son to wipe his face clean.The whole village was wiped out in the flood.12. fall into a coma 陷入昏迷 The girl has fallen into a coma after the traffic accident. 车祸后那个女孩陷入了昏迷状态。 be in a coma 处于昏迷 go into a coma 进入昏迷状态1. 25岁的玛丽在过去4个月里一直处于昏迷状态。 _ _2. 温先生从马上摔下来,昏了过去。 _ _Mary, 25, has been in a coma for the past four months.Mr. Wen fell from the horse and got into a coma.13. decline vt. 婉言拒绝,谢绝(后可跟不定式或名词等); 下降；倾斜 He declined their invitation. 他婉言谢绝了他们的邀请。 The prices are declining. 物价在下降。 The wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake. 墙壁因地震而稍有倾斜。n. 减弱,减少,衰退；倾斜 in decline 衰退,下降 fall / go into a decline 失去力量、影响等 There is a sharp decline in interest in sports in our town. 我们城市对体育的兴趣急剧下降。 We are studying the decline of ancient Rome. 我们在研究古罗马的衰落。用decline或其有关短语的适当形式填空1. Industry in Britain has been _ since the 1970s.2. I offered to give them a lift but they _.3. The number of tourists to the resort _ by 10% last year.4. The town _ after the mine near it closed two years ago.in declinedeclinedfell / went into a declinedeclined14. at any rate 无论如何 At any rate we shall have enough. 不管怎样我们还是够的。 I will come at any rate. 无论如何我都会来。 Ill do nothing until I hear from you, at any rate. 无论如何,我在收到你的信以前不采取任 何措施。at this rate 照这样下去Were working so slowly that, at this rate, well never finish the job.我们干得太慢了,照这样下去,永远也干不完这个活儿。用at any rate, at this rate填空1. If we spend money _, well be broken in six months.2. Thats one part of the job done _.3. _ we will not be able to afford a holiday.at this rateat any rateAt this rate4. _ we must go on Tuesday.5. _ there will be no wedding presents in heaven.At any rateAt any rate15. point out 指出 He pointed out the importance of the work. 他指出这一工作的重要性。 If I make any mistakes, please point them out. 如果我出了错,请指出。 point out that指出,使注意 I beg to point out that your facts are incorrect. 恕我指出你所讲的情况不属实。to the point 中肯,恰当get / come to the point 说正事,谈重点in point of fact 事实上point of view 看法,观点on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事时a turning point 转折点用point有关短语的适当形式填空1. The guard _ the gun _ the prisoner.2. I must _ to her the foolish things she has done.3. The girl _ the lion and cried, “Danger!”4. I was _ going out when you rang.pointed atpoint outpointed aton the point of16. in despair 绝望地 He gave up the attempt in despair. 他绝望之下放弃了尝试。 The poor woman was in despair. 那可怜的女人陷入了绝望。desperately adv. 绝望地desperate adj. 不顾一切的be desperate for sth. / to do sth. 极需要某物/做某事Hes desperate for a glass of water.他极想喝一杯水。 Im desperate to get a job. 我急切地想找到一份工作。1. 一个人在绝望时最失望。 _ _2. 到那时候,我已经特别渴望休假了。 _A person is most disappointed when he is in despair.By then, I was desperate for a holiday.17. fairly, rather, pretty与quite 四个词均可表示“相当地,适度地,在某种程 度上很”的意思,用以修饰形容词或副词。fairly词义最弱,一般是与褒义词连用。 They were getting along fairly well. 他们相处得相当好。pretty的词义最强,可与褒义词或贬义词连用。 What a pretty little garden! 多么漂亮的小花园！ (与褒义词连用时表示心情愉快) Life on the farm was pretty tough. 农场的生活相当艰苦。 (与贬义词连用时表示不满意或不赞成)rather多与贬义词连用,表示不满或不赞成, 但与pretty一样,有时rather也与褒义词连用, 表示愉快的心情。 Everybody was rather tired after the game. 比赛以后大家都有点累了。rather还可与too和比较级的词语连用。 Id prefer a rather shorter hairstyle. 我想要理较短一些的发型。 These clothes are rather too big. 这些衣服未免太大了。与“不定冠词+形容词+名词”结构连用,只有rather和quite可放在不定冠词之前。当然,这两个词也像fairly, pretty一样,可放在不定冠词后面。It is a rather /quite / fairly / pretty long road.这真是一条相当长的路。用fairly, rather, pretty, quite填空1. This young man swims _ faster than most of us.2. We have _ a beautiful house in this part of the city.3. The final-term exam was _ difficult and many of us didnt pass it.4. This kind of car is _ too expensive.5. The boy is _ kind to others.ratherrather / quiterather / quite / prettyratherfairly1. Theres no point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no point in lying. Ill find out anyway. 撒谎没有用的,无论如何我都会查清楚的。 类似的句型： There is no use (in) doing/ It no use (in) doing 做某事没有用 Its / Theres no use arguing with him. 跟他争论是没用的。抱怨于事无补；他们没办法帮助你。_There is no point (in) complaining. They cant do anything to help you.2. Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so. 服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动的问题，也是 有些运动员想寻求超常体育成绩而准备欺骗 的任何一项体育项目的问题。 句中where引导的是定语从句,从句从where到to do so,修饰sport,定语从句的主语是athletes,seek to achieve和are prepared to cheat共用一个主语athletes。3. Scientists now guess that up to 50% of the areas population died from this epidemic making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现在科学家们猜测，当时那一地区有50%的 人口死于那场瘟疫，使之成为罗马帝国衰落 的主要原因之一。 making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire在句中作结果状语。分词短语在句中还可作时间、原因、条件和伴随状语。 Hearing the news, Tom was much surprised. (时间状语) 听到这个消息,汤姆非常吃惊。Not knowing the address, they couldnt get in touch with him.(原因状语)因为不知道地址,所以他们不能与他联系。Having enough money, I will buy a big house with a garden. (条件状语) 如果有足够的钱,我就要买一个带花园的大房子。He stood there waiting for his parents. (伴随状语)他站在那里等他的父母。4. It struck near the end of the First World War and left families mourning worldwide. 它开始于第一次世界大战末期，结果使世界 各地的许多家庭承受丧亲之痛。 句中的left是leave的过去式,在此意为“使 处于某种状态”,families mourning worldwide 是left的宾语和宾语补足语。leave后面常常接 过去分词的复合结构、现在分词的复合结构、 形容词的复合结构和介词短语的复合结构等。I am sorry I have left some of your questions unanswered.对不起你的一些问题我还没有回答。Dont leave him waiting outside.不要让他在外面等。Who was it that left the door open?是谁让门开着的?His illness left him with a weak heart.他的病使得他的心脏衰弱。健康与饮食健康与饮食(读写任务读写任务) “健康就是幸福，人人健康，国家富强”这句话正说明了健康的重要性。健康的身体，是学习、工作、生活的基本保证。 饮食健康指各种食物食品、汤水饮料的介绍、健康饮食、绿色食品、饮食文化、快餐、饮食习惯与喜好；健身与锻炼、保健、个人卫生、各种疾病与防治、意外事故、医疗保险，财富与健康等等。健康与饮食这个话题在读写任务中常常涉及西式快餐的利与弊；饮食习惯；中西饮食对比；锻炼与健康；你对健康食品的认识；你为什么喜欢某种饮食；怎样保持心理健康；怎样保持身体健康；什么是真正的健康；医疗保险；你对“绿色食品”的认识；分析人们越来越热衷于“绿色食品”的原因，以及怎样才能保证“绿色食品”的质量等问题。实用表达：suffer from 遭受， 患上near-sighted 近视的feel stressed/depressed 感到紧张/沮丧have a pain in 某处疼痛mentally unhealthy 心理不健康的physical and psychological health身心健康relax oneself 自我轻松relieve pressure 缓解压力go on diet 节食proper diet 恰当的饮食take three meals on time 按时吃三餐eat much junk food 吃很多的垃圾食品(un)healthy eating habits (不)健康的饮食习惯be high / low / rich in 含量高/低/丰富be optimistic / pessimistic about 对乐观/悲观physical and mental condition 生理和心理状况feel weak / well / terrible 感觉虚弱/健康/很糟face difficulties with courage 勇敢面对困难 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Sleep is a serious business for Chinas education authorities. Yu Jianwei, an official with the National Peoples Congress Internal and Judicial Affairs Department, said that according to a survey, at least 30 million students under the age of 17 have suffered from a variety of emotional and behavioral problems. The number of people under the age of 18 in China is more than 300 million. As early as in 1994, the National Educational Committee (the predecessor of the Ministry of Education) issued a document to guarantee sleep for students. On June 1, 2007, the revised law On the Protection of Minors stated that schools and parents must ensure that primary and secondary school students get enough sleep. The Educational Ministry regulates the amount of homework students are given and also dictates that teachers are not allowed to occupy students spare time, including weekends and vacations, with extra classes.In 2008, schools in three districts in Shanghai began asking students to arrive half an hour later, and replaced the original morning reading time with physical activity.In addition to Shenyang, many other provinces and cities have introduced measures to ensure primary and secondary school students get more sleep. 【写作内容【写作内容】 1以约30个词概括这段短文的内容； 2然后以约120个词结合自身所见谈谈你对“青少年的睡眠与健康”的看法，内容包括： (1)青少年缺乏睡眠的危害； (2)青少年缺乏睡眠的原因； (3)你的看法。 【写作要求【写作要求】 可以参照阅读材料但不得直接引用原文中的句子。_ 该篇读写任务阅读材料给我们的信息是：由于各方面的原因，青少年的睡眠受到影响，从而对身体造成了危害，这引起各政府部门的重视。因此在概括部分要把这些信息点表达出来。 对于要点(1)，我们结合自身经历去陈述青少年缺乏睡眠的危害，尽可能使用一些高级词汇和结构，比如not onlybut also， even worse等。对于要点(2)，可以用as a result来引出，这样衔接得自然紧凑。在分析缺乏睡眠的原因时，可以采用“先总后分”的结构举例分析，常用的表达有for example，besides等。对于要点(3)我们可以根据材料中对政府采取的措施来表达自己的看法，可以使用luckilyso I think等类似的短语或句型引出要点(3)，这样，文章衔接自然，可吸引阅卷老师的注意力，使他们产生共鸣。 下面我们来想一想青少年缺乏睡眠的危害有哪些？青少年缺乏睡眠会导致精力不集中、上课打瞌睡等。青少年为什么缺乏睡眠呢？我们可以从作业多、学习压力大等方面来谈。 From the report we can clearly see that a lack of sleep may cause many health problems，especially for adolescents.And the problem has gained extensive attention of the society. According to my experience, I learn that a long-term lack of sleep will not only make us tired but also make it difficult for us to adapt to school. Even worse, we are at the risk of developing dangerous behavior such as depression, smoking and so on. As a student, I know there are many reasons for our loss of sleep, mostly connected with the pressure to succeed. For example, we have to spend much time on homework and other study assignments from teachers and parents. Besides, the present educational system is an important factor. Luckily, some effective steps have been taken to ensure enough sleep for students. So I think only by taking a joint effort of families, schools and the government can we ensure students get more sleep to keep healthy. 阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Some people think studying under pressure keeps us motivated. Maybe a little pressure does good to us, but too much pressure is not favorable to students. Scientific studies show people studying under too much pressure generally dont perform as well as they do when they are not under extreme pressure. Psychologically, too much pressure can lead to mental problems or disorders. In recent years, there has been an increase in stress related diseases among college and high-school students. A newspaper article says many students admit that they have cheated in exams because of excessive pressure coming from their parents and teachers who demand high marks in their examination. 【写作内容【写作内容】 著名英国心理学专家最近应邀赴你校做中学生心理健康辅导，你准备参加一个讨论会，你的英语老师提供以上英文材料给你们作为参考话题，你参加其中的“压力对学生有害”讨论，你准备写一份发言稿，内容要点包括： 1以约30个词概括短文要点： 2以约120个词，就“压力对学生有害”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包括以下要点： (1)陈述你自己学习、生活的压力事例并说明其影响； (2)对你的学习成绩好坏，你父母持什么态度； (3)你对“压力对学生有害”的观点和看法。 【写作要求【写作要求】 1在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引 用原文中的句子； 2. 题目自拟。_ One possible version：We Should Treat Pressure the Right Way The passage mainly tells us that some people think although appropriate pressure is acceptable and helps us in our studies, too much of it may cause trouble and do harm to us. Some people think that pressure may help us students; of course, it may do harm to us too. The authorbelieves that too much pressure is harmful. Nevertheless, appropriate pressure is acceptable. I think studying under a little pressure is really motivated to us, but if there is too much pressure, we cant put up with it. I have ever suffered from too much pressure on my study. I will be angry easily and show no interest in anything. My parents usually dont force me to get impossible high marks. They always encourage me to make my greatest efforts to do some valuable things. In my opinion, studying under too much pressure is quite harmful to our health. It will affect not only our health, but also our mood. So, we should learn to relax ourselves at times.
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